The Settings window for the Conjugate, Turbulent Flow, Low Reynold’s k- interface. Choose to model laminar and turbulent flow, the basic k- turbulence model, and non-isothermal flow. Combinations are also possible. .

The Heat Transfer Interface Options

H E A T T R A N S F E R I N S O L I D S O R F L U I D S , A N D J O U L E H E A T I N G

The Heat Transfer in Solids (), Heat Transfer in Fluids () (general convection and conduction), and Electromagnetic Heating>Joule Heating interfaces (), all belong to the COMSOL Multiphysics base package. While this guide may touch on some of the features described in these interfaces, particularly as they relate to turbulent flow, it is suggested that you also review the Heat Transfer Branch section in the COMSOL Multiphysics User’s Guide.

C O N J U G A T E H E A T T R A N S F E R , L A M I N A R F L O W

The Conjugate Heat Transfer, Laminar Flow interface () is used primarily to model slow-moving flow in environments where temperature and energy transport are also an important part of the system and application, and must coupled or connected to the fluid-flow in some way. Processes where natural convection are an important component are classic areas for such modeling. The interface solves the Navier-Stokes equations together with an energy balance assuming heat flux through convection and conduction. The density term is assumed to be affected by temperature and flow is always assumed to be compressible. Stokes’ law (creeping flow) can be activated from the Conjugate Heat Transfer, Laminar Flow interface if required. See Table 13-1 and The Non-Isothermal Flow and Conjugate Heat Transfer, Laminar Flow Interfaces for details.

C O N J U G A T E H E A T T R A N S F E R , T U R B U L E N T F L O W

The Conjugate Heat Transfer, Turbulent Flow interface () models for flows that are relatively fast-moving and/or geometries that change significantly to induce disorder, vortices and eddies. The interface is set up assuming that temperature and energy transport are also an important part of the system and application, and must be

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