Раздел 4. Первое занятие

159

3. In view of deciding what semiconductor process should be em­ployed ...

Наречия типа economically — обстоятельство

1. CPU must be simple enough to be built economically.

2. Suppliers of hardware and software have to dramatically cut de­sign and development lines.

3. Besides, suppliers typically need to adequately test and develop reliable components.

4. Several basic vehicle requirements mechanically govern CPU ar­chitecture.

   2. Прочитайте и переведите, обращая внимание на разные значения as:

1. as a result of advances

2. as an example of innovation

3. as a consequence of the deposition of thin films

4. as a matter of fact, a semiconductor is intermediate between insu­lators and conductors

5. as far as the interior of the crystal is concerned ...

6. as far as they use poor conductors ...

7. as long as oxidation has been a key-stone process of silicon device technology...

8. as soon as plasma etching was used ...

9. as much as possible

10. as thin as possible

11. such as

12. as follows

13. as distinguished from the tube

ОСНОВНОЙ ТЕКСТ

Переведите устно с листа первую часть основного текста (I) под руковод­ством преподавателя.

Переведите письменно со словарем вторую часть основного текста (II). Вы­полняется самостоятельно как домашнее задание.

Ознакомьтесь с терминами основного текста:

Микроэлектроника настоящее и будущее

to digest and analyse measurements — assembler language ассемблер обобщать и анализировать измере- running time - время работы _ния database processing tools — средства

central processing unit — ЦПУ обработки базы данных

to issue commands — задавать коман- distributed-processing system — систс- _ДЬ1 ма обработки с распределением

Computer As It Is

1. The word “computer” comes from a Latin word which means to count¹.

Initially², the computer was designed as a tool to manipulate num­bers. Although designed originally³ for arithmetic purposes, at present it is applicable⁴ for a great variety⁵ of tasks⁶. Computers are now an integral part of our day-to-day lives. Today it would be difficult to find any task calling for⁷ the processing of large amounts⁸ of information that is not performed by a computer. The computer may be stated to have become an important and powerful tool for collecting, record­ing⁹, analysing, and distributing¹⁰ tremendous masses of information

In science, computers digest¹¹ and analyse masses of measure­ments, such as the positions and velocities of a spacecraft and solve extraordinary long and complex mathematical problems, such as the trajectory of the spacecraft.

In commerce^I2, computers record and process inventories (на­личие товаров), purchases (покупки), bills, payrolls (платежная ве домость), bank deposits and the like¹³ and keep track¹⁴ of ongoing business transactions^l5.

In industry, they monitor¹⁶ and control manufacturing processes

In government, computers keep statistics, analyse and distribute information.

Computer technology has made dramatic strides¹⁷ in application of virtually¹⁸ every segment of a modern industrialized culture, from product design and manufacturing, through sales^l9, warehousing (скла­дирование) and distribution. Nowadays computer-aided design can no longer be separated from computer-aided manufacturing, they are one and the same. Hence, the acronym, CAD/CAM. The list of ap­plications is large and growing rapidly.

To many people, the computer is a superhuman robot. Indeed \ it can perform lighting-fast calculations and can perform billions of