Раздел 1 Второе занятие

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blе to pack a larger amount of function into areas far smaller than vvas possible with discrete transistors. It was the invention of the “ in­tegrated circuit” that ushered in the modern microelectronics era, and it is still adaptations of that basic product that fuel the semicon- doctor industry.

• 5. Учитесь говорить.

Подготовьте выступление по теме: “Integrated Circuit Development” (материалом uoiyr служить тексты 1.4 В и 1.5 В). Выступление рассчитано на 2 минуты. Ис­пользуйте следующие клише:

1. The paper attempts to provide ...

2. ... are discussed briefly.

3. The author consider...

4. Early transistors were ...

5. Microelectronics development has solved ...

6. Integrated circuits provide ...

7. Integrated electronics will develop ...

Микроэлектроника настоящее и буду

Третье занятие Контроль изученного материала

1. Контроль перевода основного текста.

Работа рассчитана на 15 минут. Выполняется устно, выборочно.

2. Контроль слов в словосочетаниях.

Выполняется устно или письменно но выбору преподавателя.

3. Контроль умения выявлять значения слов с учетом кон* текста.

15. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на выбор значения выделен­ных слов в зависимости от контекста:

1. Optical lithography has been the leading integrated circuit pattern defining technique for many years.

2. In the narrow sense, pattern recognition means the classification of a given unknown pattern into a number ofstandard classes. In broad sense, pattern recognition means sciense analysis.

3. Electron beam changes physical characteristics of exposed resbtor so that after chemical etching pattern is left on clear substrate.

4. Finished substrate may contain 10,000 mask patterns.

5. The amount of work done in moving one coulomb of electricit} from one point to another is a measure of the potential difference between these two points.

6. The principles involve preparing detailed plans and careful monitoring.

7. The circuitry and software involved can be standardized.

8. Plasma etching involves the use of a glow discharge.

9. This work has involved the contributions of many people.

4. Контроль умения переводить с листа.

Текст 1.1 С

Переведите текст устно с листа.

Integrated Electronics

Integrated electronics is a field so new and so fast changing thai many interested people have difficulty keeping up with its day-to-dav

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developments. There is even some confusion concerning what inte­grated electronics is and what its significance is for the development of ^ence and technology.

The essence of integrated electronics is batch (партия; группа) processing. Instead of making, protecting, testing and assembling in­dividual (or discrete) components one at a time, large groupings of these components together with their interconnections are made now, ajl at a time. The resulting new endity, or “integrated component”, therefore, is an assemblage of old-style components interconnected into circuits, networks, or even subsystems. Hence, for a given system function the number of separate components have been greatly reduced, while system capability has been greatly increased.

Integrated electronics will develop further. First, the efforts are be­ing made to get more and more circuit functions on slice of silicon which means cramming (размещение) even more circuit elements into still smaller areas. Second, integrated electronics will move not only towards more functions per slice, but toward new types of functions.

5. Контроль умения письменного перевода.

Текст 1.2 С

Переведите текст письменно со словарем.

Getting Nano wired

The heart of a computer is a finger-nail-sized chip or integrated circuit, that includes transistors, diodes and other devices that can manipulate electrons.

To keep up with the demand for faster and more powerful com­puters, engineers have had to squeeze more circuitry onto the chip.

In conventional chip fabrication scientists slice a block of silicon ^to thin wafers. Then, with a series of steps that modifies the silicon by etching it away or depositing materials on top of it, they create tiny complex circuitry.

Under the microscope, the result can look like a dense metropo­lis. Intel’s newest chip, the Pentium 4, holds roughly 42 million tran­sistors, with each transistor spanning roughly 130 nanometers (nm).

Микроэлектроника настоящее и буду].,

That’s not an easy or unexpensive accomplishment. Each addi. tional level of miniaturization has added to the chip makers’ expense

It costs at least $2 billion to build a chip-manufacturing plant today

Moreover, at a certain point of miniaturization, quantum laws take over and prevent devices from working according to the classical laws of physics that govern the operation of conventional chips.

6. Контроль умения аннотировать и реферировать.

Текст 1.3 С

Прочитайте текст и кратко изложите его содержание на русском языке. Озаглавьте его.

As more ways are found to jam circuitry onto silicon chips, a new barrier to smaller and faster computers is emerging. The plastic or ce­ramic package that carries electrical signals on wires in and out of the chip is still bulky — sometimes 20 times as big as the chip.

One solution, promoted by National Semiconductor Cooperation and others, is tape automated bonding. Instead of the wires and prongs (штырь) now used to connect chips, connections are etched into coo­per foil. These connections are five times closer together than the prongs are. IBM has tried abandoning chip packages altogether, connecting the chips directly to a surface containing multiple levels of wiring.

Текст 1.4 С

Прочитайте текст. Скажите на английском языке, что вы узнали: а) об electronic industry и films; б) о zigzag pattern и capacitance.

Вариант 1

Even before the invention of the transistor the electronics industry had studied the properties of thin films of metallic and insulating mate­rials. Such films range in thickness from a fraction of a micron, or less than a wavelength of light, to several microns. (A micron is a millionth of a meter; the wavelength of red light is about 7 micron.)

Вариант 2

A typical thin-film resistor consists of a fine metal line only a few thousands of an inch wide and long enough to provide the dt'