- •Московская финансово-промышленная академия
- •Unit 1. The Structure of English legal System
- •1. Words to be remembered.
- •2. Text for reading. The Classification of English Law
- •Legal Personality
- •Natural persons
- •Corporations
- •Unincorporated associations
- •The Sources of English Law
- •Case law
- •Legislation
- •The Courts in Great Britain European Community Law
- •The direct applicability and direct effectivity of Community law
- •Legislation
- •5. Recite the main points of the text. Unit 2. Business Organisations
- •1. Words to be remembered.
- •2. Text for reading.
- •A. The Sole Trader
- •B. The Partnership
- •The existence of a business
- •Carried on in common
- •With a view of profit
- •Persons capable of being partners
- •Firm and the firm name
- •Illegal Partnerships
- •The Relations of Partners to One Another
- •Partnership Property
- •The rights of Partnership Inter Se
- •The expulsion of a partner
- •Duties of Partners Rendering true accounts and full information
- •Duty to account for secret profits
- •Duty not to compete with the firm
- •The relations of Partners to Persons dealing with Them Powers of partners to bind the firm
- •Liability for Debts and Contractual Obligations
- •Liability in Torts
- •Vicarious liability
- •3. Questions.
- •4. Find the following sentences in the text.
- •5. Recite the main points of the text. Unit 3. Business Organisations The Registered Company
- •1. Words to be remembered.
- •2. Text for reading. C. The Registered Company
- •Unlimited liability companies
- •Limited liability companies
- •Private and public companies limited by shares
- •Groups of Companies: Holding and Subsidiary Companies
- •Separate legal person
- •The Constitution of a Registered Company
- •The contents of the Memorandum
- •The name clause
- •Change of name
- •Common law restrictions on choice of name: ‘passing off’
- •The registered office clause
- •The capital clause
- •Company Promoters
- •Fiduciary duties of promoters
- •Pre-incorporation contracts
- •Provisional Contracts by Public Companies
- •3. Questions.
- •4. Find the following sentences in the text.
- •5. Recite the main points of the text. Unit 4. Business Organisations The Registered Company as Itself
- •1. Words to be remembered.
- •2. Text for reading. The Directors
- •The appointment of directors
- •The retirement of directors
- •Age restrictions on directors
- •Disqualification of directors
- •Duty to disqualify unfit directors of insolvent companies
- •The Company Secretary
- •The Enforcement of Directors’ Duties
- •Common law exceptions to the rule in Foss V. Harbottle
- •Illegal acts
- •Personal rights of a shareholder
- •The form of the minority action.
- •Statutory exceptions to Foss V. Harbottle
- •Just and equitable winding up
- •Department of Trade investigations.
- •3. Questions.
- •4. Find the following sentences in the text.
- •5. Recite the main points of the text. Unit 5. Shares and Shareholders
- •1. Words to be remembered.
- •2. Text for reading. Shares and Shareholders
- •The rights and liabilities of the shareholder
- •Registered and bearer shares
- •Mortgages of shares
- •Classes of share
- •Variation of shareholders’ rights
- •Becoming a Member of a Company
- •Ceasing to be Member
- •Transfer of Shares
- •Restrictions on transfers
- •The Register of Members
- •4. Find the following sentences in the text.
- •5. Recite the main point of the text.
- •Control of Rogue Dealers
- •Monopolies
- •Mergers
- •The Consumer Protection Act 1987
- •Defective product
- •3. Questions.
- •4. Find the following sentences in the text.
- •5. Recite the main points of the text. Unit 7. Bankruptcy
- •1. Words to be remembered.
- •2. Text for reading. Bankruptcy
- •Persons who can be made bankrupt
- •The bankruptcy petition
- •The consequences of the bankruptcy order
- •3. Questions.
- •4. Find the following sentences in the text.
- •Unit 8. The Law of Agency
- •1. Words to be remembered.
- •2. Text for reading. Definition of Agency
- •Types of Agent
- •The Authority of the Agent
- •By conscent of the principal
- •Ratification
- •Authority by operation of the law: agency of necessity
- •3. Questions.
- •4. Find the following sentences in the text.
- •5. Recite the main points of the text. Unit 9. The Law of Tort
- •1. Words to be remembered.
- •Tort – деликт, гражданское правонарушение
- •2. Text for reading.
- •Importance of Tortious Liability
- •Torts affecting the person
- •Torts affecting property
- •Torts affecting economic rights
- •Torts affecting reputation
- •Torts affecting rights generally
- •3. Questions.
- •4. Find the following sentences in the text.
- •5. Recite the main points of the text. Unit 10. The Law of Contract
- •1. Words to be remembered.
- •2. Text for reading. The Law of Contract
- •Essentials of a Contract
- •Contracts for the Sale of Goods
- •The Form of the Contract
- •The Implied Terms in a Contract for the Sale of Goods
- •3. Questions.
- •4. Find the following sentences in the text.
- •5. Recite the main points of the text. Unit 11. Contracts of Employment
- •1. Words to be remembered.
- •2. Text for reading. Contracts of Employment The Contract for Service and the Contract for Services
- •The distinguishing criteria
- •The position of casual workers
- •The position of temporary workers
- •Vicarious Liability
- •Continuity of Employment
- •Formation of the Contract of Employment.
- •Terms implied into a contract of employment by the common law
- •Terms implied into contracts of employment by statute
- •Unfair dismissal
- •Remedies for unfair dismissal
- •Transfers of undertakings.
- •Fixed Term and Performance Contracts
- •3. Questions.
- •4. Find the following sentences in the text.
- •5. Recite the main points of the text. Unit 12. The Nature and Classification of Business Property
- •1. Words to be learned.
- •2. Text for reading. The Nature and Classification of Business Property
- •Introduction into English Law of Real Property
- •Freehold estates
- •Leasehold estates
- •Equitable estates
- •Legal and equitable estates compared
- •Registered and Unregistered Conveyancing
- •Unregistered conveyancing
- •Registered conveyancing
- •The Classification of Estates and Interest in Land: Unregistered and Registered Unregistered land
- •Registered land
- •Choses in Possession
- •Choses in Action
- •Assignable choses in action
- •Negotiable choses
- •Negotiable instruments.
- •Intellectual Property Rights Trade marks and brand names
- •3. Questions.
- •4. Find the following sentences in the text.
- •5. Recite the main points of the text. Unit 13. The Nature of Security
- •1. Words to be learned.
- •2. Text for reading. Securities for Loans The Nature of a Security
- •Mortgages of Land
- •Legal mortgages
- •Mortgage by demise.
- •Legal charge.
- •Priority and Protection of Mortgagees
- •Mortgage protection in unregistered conveyancing
- •Mortgage protection in registered land
- •3. Questions
- •4. Find the following sentences in the text.
- •5. Recite the main points of the text.
- •Vocabulary a
- •Latin terms
The Form of the Contract
There are no particular formalities for a contract for the sale of goods and ‘a contract of sale may be made in writing (either with or without seal), or by word of mouth, or partly in writing and partly by word of mouth, or may be implied from the conduct of the parties’. In addition, capacity to contract ‘is regulated by the general law concerning capacity to contract and to transfer and acquire property. However, where necessaries are sold and delivered to a minor or to a person who by reason of mental incapacity or drunkenness is incompetent to contract, he must pay a reasonable price for them.
The Implied Terms in a Contract for the Sale of Goods
The law has been changed by the Sale and Supply of Goods Act 1994. Under the Act, as amended, there are implied terms relating to the right to title, compliance with description, satisfactory quality, fitness for purpose and conformity between sample and bulk.
3. Questions.
What is the main purpose of contracts for the sale of goods?
What is included into the term “goods”?
Why is barter excluded from contracts for the sale of goods?
In what form is a contract for the sale of goods to be made?
What terms are implied in a contract for the sale of goods?
4. Find the following sentences in the text.
Правовые обязательства возникают из многих источников, из которых два основных типа – это деликтные и контрактные обязательства.
Существование кредитора, который может принудить к соблюдению обязательства в свою пользу путем судебного иска, отличает обязательственное право от уголовного права.
Служащие несут фидуциарные обязанности по отношению к своим работодателям.
Употребление слова «собственность» исключает любой тип контракта, относящегося к товарам, где право собственности не передается.
Если основной целью контракта не является передача собственности покупателю, хотя имеется элемент передачи, такой контракт является контрактом на труд и материалы.
5. Recite the main points of the text. Unit 11. Contracts of Employment
1. Words to be remembered.
employer – работодатель
employee – работник по найму
self-employed – работающий не по найму
contractor – контрагент, подрядчик, сторона в договоре
owe – быть обязанным
profit – прибыль
loss – потеря, убытки
tax – налог
insurance contributions – страховые взносы
occupation – род занятий, профессия, деятельность
casual – случайная (работа)
quasi-casual – как бы, якобы случайная
catering workers – разносчики
priority status – приоритетное положение
plaintiff – истец
grievence – жалоба
incentive bonus – поощрительная премия
roster – расписание (дежурств, нарядов), список
tribunal – судебное или арбитражное учреждение
deduct – удерживать
vicarious liability – ответственность без вины за действия
другого
vicariously liable – отвечающий за то, что не совершил
tortious act – гражданское правонарушение
injury – вред, ущерб, оскорбление
damage – ущерб, убыток
common law provisions – положения (статьи) общего права
continuity – непрерывность, продолжительность
ex parte (лат.) – действующий от имени
tortfeasor – правонарушитель
compulsory – принудительный, обязательный
solicitor – поверенный, адвокат
fraud – обман, мошенничество
qualifying period – продолжительность работы
statutory protection – защита в соответствии со статутным
правом
redundancy – увольнение по сокращению (в связи с излишком
рабочей силы)
to be entitled – обладать правом
unfair dismissal – несправедливое (незаконное) увольнение
provided – при условии, если . . .
statement – изложение
notice provisions – случаи уведомления работающих,
предусмотренные контрактом
trust – доверие; фонд
amendments – поправки
fiduciary – доверенное лицо
spare time – свободное время
to be restrained from – быть ограниченным в . . . ;
удерживаться от чего-либо
innocent – невинный, невиновный
remuneration – компенсация
bribe – взятка
dismiss – увольнять
misconduct – проступок
retirement – выход на пенсию, в отставку
defraud – обман
divert – переводить, отводить в сторону
breach – нарушение
to draft – составлять проект, план
severance payment – компенсационная выплата увольняемому
с работы
associated employer – работодатель дочерней компании
industrial tribunal – суд по конфликтам в промышленности
ante-natal care – наблюдение за беременной женщиной
maternity leave – отпуск по уходу за новорожденным
maternity pay – оплата отпуска по уходу за новорожденным
benefits – льготы, страховые пособия, привилегии
accrual – расширение (прав), накопление, преумножение
entitlement – право на что-либо
allowance – пособие
sick pay – пособие по болезни
redundant worker – работник, уволенный по сокращению
штатов
extra-period – дополнительный срок, дополнительное время
enhance – увеличивать, расширять (права)
magistrate – судья, мировой судья, полицейский судья
local authority – орган самоуправления
origin – происхождение
obviate – избавлять
adverse – неблагоприятный
award – выносить решение
remidies – средства правовой защиты
termination – прекращение
summarily – зд. в устной форме
expire – прекращаться с истечением срока
lay down – формулировать (в законе)
attendance – присутствие (в суде)
constructive dismissal – увольнение по вине работодателя
implied – подразумеваемый, вытекающий из обстоятельств
reinstatement – восстановление
effective date – дата вступления в силу
spouse – супруг (а)
common law – общее право
wrongful dismissal – незаконное увольнение
bonus – премия, надбавка
discretionary – предоставленный на усмотрение
loan – заем, ссуда, кредит
mortgage subsidy – субсидия для выплат по закладной
incur – принимать на себя
tips – чаевые
demote – понижать в должности
lay off – временное увольнение (из-за отсутствия работы)
undertaking – дело, предприятие
take over – поглощение (фирмы, компании), переход в другие
руки
shares – акции
legal person – юридическое лицо
ventures – коммерческое предприятие
transferee – лицо, которому что-либо передается;
правопреемник
waive – отказываться (от прав, претензий)
