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Plug-in Hybrids

Further increase fuel economy

Need bigger battery pack

Possible to make a portable battery pack

Charged overnight for commute driving (up to 100 miles)

Removed for long time driving (just like removable seats)

Will have remarkable savings

However, cost of battery will be an issue

Summary

Parallel HEVs can be designed with speed coupling or torque coupling or both

A parallel HEV is suitable for both city and highway driving

It can be controlled using thermostat (engine on-off) control, and operated in seven different modes (combine, power split, regenerative braking being the most important ones)

The design of a parallel HEV includes sizing of the ICE, motor, and energy storage device

The performance of a series HEV can be simulated for standard driving cycles, which include maximum speed, acceleration, gradeability, etc.

Mild HEV, and Plug-in HEV may play an important role in the near future

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