The adverbial modifier of attendant circumstances
An adverbial modifier of attendant circumstances is preceded by the prepositions without, besides, instead of.
You went out without telling me anything. (= You went out and didn’t tell me anything). Ты вышел и мне ничего не сказал.
Не spoke for a long time without coming to the heart of the matter. (= ...and/but didn’t come to the heart of the matter) Он говорил долго и/, но не затронул сути дела.
Mr. К. was on the Guards Reserve besides being in the police. Мистер К. числился в резерве гвардии и, кроме того, он служил в полиции.
If I hadn’t got a cold, I’d be working instead of lying here in bed. Если бы не простуда, я бы (сейчас) работал, а не лежал бы в постели, (...вместо того чтобы лежать...)
Exercise 116. Point out the gerund, the gerundial phrase or the gerundial construction used as adverbial modifier of attendant circumstances. Note the prepositions preceding the adverbial modifier of attendant circumstances. Translate the sentences into Russian.
MODEL: He came to see us without being invited. Он приходил к нам без приглашения./ при этом его никто не приглашал.
1. Instead of going straight to work, he took a bus into town. 2. The man left the restaurant without paying his bill. 3. He can get into financial difficulties without borrowing too much money. 4. She usually leaves the party without saying good-bye to anyone. 5. Instead of doing nothing go and help your little brother. 6. Tom and Emma got married without telling any of their friends. 7. Instead of going to a restaurant we ate at home. 8. The decision was made without anybody asking him. 9. Instead of turning into the lane the driver dropped me off at traffic lights. 10. The sportsman ran five kilometers without stopping. 11. The boys left through the window without anybody seeing them. 12. Instead of making an effort to do the work he usually gives up before he begins. 13. He wants to work in his study without his children disturbing him. 14. Instead of watching horror films revise for your exam. 15. One can hardly get there without getting stuck in a traffic jam. 16. Instead of obeying him you keep arguing with him. 17. Instead of reaching India he landed on an island unknown to Europeans. 18. Besides being a good musician he is a chess champion.
Exercise 117. Paraphrase the sentences. Use a gerund, a gerundial phrase or a gerundial construction as adverbial modifier of attendant circumstances.
MODEL
1:
The
boy was playing with his friend and didn’t pay attention to his
little sister who was crying. – The boy was playing with his friend
without
paying
attention to his little sister who was crying.
MODEL 2: You’d better buy a return ticket and not a one-way ticket. – Instead of buying a one-way ticket you’d better buy a return ticket.
1. You can’t get to this place and not change for another train. 2. I don’t want to tip a porter and I’d rather ask my husband to carry my luggage. 3. Stay with us and don’t reserve a room at a hotel. 4. I didn’t have my washing machine repaired and decided to buy a new one. 5. Try and use water-colours and not ink. 6. Buy a pair of sandals and don’t wear high-heeled shoes in summer. 7. The boss says that we’d better work hard and not raise the question of the pay rise. 8. You should have a big breakfast and not just a bite (to have a bite). 9. Most Russians eat in and don’t go out. 10. Americans like to eat out and not cook at home.
Exercise 118. Join the sentences. Use a gerund, a gerundial phrase or a gerundial construction as adverbial modifier of attendant circumstances to show a parallel action happening at the same time as the action denoted by the finite verb. Use the proper.
MODEL: Nick agreed with her. He didn’t argue with her. – Nick agreed with her without arguing.
1. Albert brought us a bottle of French wine. He didn’t take the money for it. 2. He asked to give him advice. He didn’t complain about his parents. 3. She graduated with honours. She never failed an exam. 4. John and Sally coped with all their problems cheerfully. No one helped them. 5. The team won the game. They didn’t have a good trainer. 6. The soldier obeyed the officer. He didn’t argue. 7. The film star agreed to play the part in the new film. He didn’t hesitate. 8. He gave her a big hug. He didn’t realize what it meant for her. 9. She returned home. Nobody judged her.
Exercise 119. Read the sentences given below. Say what a person did or is supposed to do instead of doing something else. Use the preposition instead of + a gerund/a gerundial phrase as adverbial modifier of attendant circumstance
MODEL: Lucy didn’t go to a disco. She went to a play. – Instead of going to a disco Lucy went to a play.
1. Don’t say: There’s no alternative. Say: We have no alternative. 2. Paul didn’t say anything to her. He just nodded in agreement. 3. He didn’t tell us anything about his famous ancestors. He gave us a book about them. 4. The clerk is supposed to instruct customers. He tells them to fill in the paper. 5. Mother didn’t buy Bobby an ice. She bought him a tin of cola. 6. The girl didn’t try the dress on. She just asked the shop assistant to wrap the purchase. 7. They didn’t look after the children properly. They went out four times a week. 8. The boy didn’t put on a warm coat. He put on a jacket. 9. Steve didn’t go fishing. He went hunting. 10. Mr. Stock is supposed to arrive at work before nine. He arrives at 9.05.
Exercise 120. Read the English sentences. Point out the gerundial construction used as adverbial modifier of attendant circumstances. Choose the corresponding Russian sentence.
1. Instead of your daughter sweeping the floor every day your son could vacuum it.
Вместо того, чтобы твоей дочери подметать пол каждый день, твой сын мог бы пропылесосить его.
Вместо твоей дочери твой сын мог бы подметать пол каждый день и пылесосить его.
Вместо того, чтобы подметать пол каждый день, твои дочь и сын могли бы пылесосить его.
2. They settled everything down without their teacher giving them advice how to do it.
Они все уладили без своего преподавателя и его совета, как это сделать.
Они все уладили, причем их преподаватель не давал им совета, как это сделать.
Они все уладили без своего преподавателя, который давал им совет, как это сделать.
3. She left without her parents seeing her.
Она уехала без родителей, не повидавшись с ними.
Она уехала без свидания с родителями.
Она уехала, а родители ее не видели.
Exercise 121. Translate the sentences into Russian. Use an adverbial modifier of attendant circumstances expressed by a gerund, a gerundial phrase or a gerundial construction.
1. Вместо того, чтобы ругать его, объясни ему, как надо себя вести. 2. Он бежал без остановки. 3. Мы занимались без перерыва (to take a break). 4. Вместо того, чтобы играть в рулетку (to play roulette), займись чем-нибудь полезным. 5. Нехорошо уходить, не попрощавшись с хозяйкой. 6. Его слушали, не прерывая. 7. Он не мог работать и не получать зарплату. 8. Вместо того, чтобы плакать, постарайся простить его. 9. Он не может общаться с ними и не поссориться. 10. Вместо того, чтобы пойти в университет, она отправилась в кино. 11. Они расстались, не сообщив об этом своим родителям. 12. Ребята играли в прятки, и никто не мешал им. 13. Обсуждение было прекращено, и никто не спросил его мнения. 14. Он сел в машину и уехал, а его жена не видела его.
Unit 13