18. The Past Perfect

18.1. Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses. Use the Present Perfect or the Past Perfect.

1. I am not hungry. I (eat, already). 2. I was not hungry. I (eat already). 3. It’s 10 p.m. I (finish, already) my homework, so I’m going to bed. 4. Last night I went to bed at 10 p.m. I (finish, already) my homework. 5. By the time I went to bed last night, I (finish, already) my homework. 6. I was late. The party (start, already) by the time I got there. 7. We’re late. The party (start, already).

18.2. Join the following pairs of sentences by making one of them a clause with the verb in the Past Perfect Tense. Use conjunctions given in brackets.

Pattern: They went for a walk. They did their homework. (after)

They went for a walk after they had done their homework.

1. He left the room. I turned on the TV (after). 2. She didn’t talk to him. He finished revising for his exams (until). 3. She looked at the sky. The sun set (until). 4. The Browns left their house. They sold it (when). 5. She tore up the note. He read it carefully (as soon as). 6. I didn’t understand him. He repeated his words twice (until). 7. She cooked dinner. She called her family to the dining-room (after, as soon as). 8. Margaret read the contract. She signed it (after).

18.3. Use the Past Simple or the Past Perfect Tense instead of the infinitives in brackets.

A) 1.The house (to be) very quiet when I (to get) home. 2. She (to give) him the book his teacher (to recommend). 3. They (to finish) the translation by 5 o’clock yesterday. 4. She (to get) a message saying he (to pass) the exam. 5. By the time we (to arrive), the party (to finish). 6. I (not to recognize) him. He (to change) a lot. 7. Tom (not to be) at home when I (to arrive). He just (to do) home. 8. We (to feel) happier when they (to get) home. 9. They (to stay) in a hotel by the sea last summer. 10. I (to open) the door and (to step) outside.

B) 1. Before we (to take) Paul to the theatre, he never (to see) a play on the stage before. 2. He (to remember) so well that house, where he (to spend) his childhood. 3. When I came back they (to leave). 4. He knew that the woman (to live) there alone and (to give a birth) to her baby, and (to survive). 5. He (to write) in his letter that he (to finish) his book. 6. I tried to phone her but (to get) no answer. She (to go) out. 7. When the tourists (to come back) to the hotel, they (to discover) that a new guest (to arrive). Some of them (to know) him before, and they (not to like) him. But of course he (to prefer) not to notice those he (to meet) before. 8. After the plane (to land) he (to pass) the customs and the luggage control, Mr. Jenkins (to take) a taxi and (to go) to the hotel. 9. They were driving along the road when we (to see) a car which (to break) down, so we (to stop) to see if we could help. 10. I tried to phone her but (to get) no answer. She (to go out).

18.4. Writing activity.

Lidia is writing a letter to her friend Natalie. Complete Lidia’s letter.

Dear Nat,

Hi! I hope you’re well. I’m writing to tell you what a busy weekend I had. As you know, I had to go away on business, so Steve was at home with the baby. As usual, he had done only half of the things I had asked him to do. He had fed the baby but he hadn’t …………………….…….…………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

When I asked him why he hadn’t done all the things, he told me he had just been lazy! I was so angry with him!

Anyway, I’ve got to go now because I have a million things to do and I haven’t got time to be lazy.

Best wishes,

Lidia

18.5. Translate into English.

1. После того, как вечер закончился и гости разошлись, усталые хозяева приступили к уборке. 2. Джейн была не голодна, так как она уже позавтракала. 3. Прошло только полчаса с тех пор, как ушел последний гость. 4. Когда Энтони и Кейт вошли в зал, там собралось уже человек 20. 5. Этот режиссер получил приз после того, как снял свой лучший фильм. 6. Когда я приехала в город, Стив уже уехал в Лондон. 7. Наш город был маленьким. После того как к нам приехала новая семья, все захотели познакомиться с ними. 8. Я не знала, когда она ушла. Я не знала почему она ушла. 9. Она пошла на почту отправить письмо, которое написала накануне. 10. Я перезвонил ему после того, как договорился о встрече с господином Брауном. 11. Он знал, что Джон заказал билеты туда и обратно. 12. Я знал, что Анна никогда не бывала в Сочи. 13. Они приехали на вокзал, когда поезд уже ушел. 14. К тому времени он уже сдал все экзамены. 15. Петр выехал в Санкт-Петербург до того, как Михаил вернулся из Киева. 16. К этому времени Джейн подружилась со многими русскими студентами. 17. Он надеялся, что они уже закончили работу.