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it. 9. There… two TV sets in our family. 10. There… different computers on sale today.

8. Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий

The days in July are shorter. – Дни в июле короче.

In December the days are the shortest. – В декабре дни самые короткие.

Не is one of the most experienced workers at the plant. – Он один из самых опытных рабочих на заводе.

1.Употребите прилагательные в скобках в требующейся форме.

1.Russia is a very (large) country. 2. The rivers in America are much (big) than those in England. 3. St. Petersburg is one of the (beautiful) cities in the world. 4. Which is (large): the United States or Canada? 5. Moscow is the (large) city in Russia. 6. Chinese is (difficult) than English, 7. My sister speaks English (bad) than I do. 8. The Thames is (short) than the Volga. 9. Which building is the (high) in Moscow? 10. The Alps are (high) than the Urals.

2.Переведите.

1.The Arctic Ocean is colder than the Indian Ocean. 2. This film is the most interesting of all I have seen this year. 3. Our house is not so big as yours. 4. Nevsky Prospect is more beautiful than our street. 5. Better late than never, but better never late. 6. East or West, home is best. 7. It was the happiest day in my life.

8.The more we study, the more we know The more we know, the more we forget

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The more we forget, the less we know The less we know, the less we forget The less we forget, the more we know Why study?

Некоторые особенности употребления степеней сравнения

Your work is as difficult as mine. – Твоя работа такая же трудная, как моя.

His report is not so interesting as hers. – Его доклад не такой интересный, как ее.

Her translation is better than mine. – Ее перевод лучше, чем

The more we read, the more we know. – Чем больше мы читаем, тем больше знаем.

9. Времена Active

Indefinite Tenses Active – группа неопределенных времен в действительном залоге.

Present Indefinite – настоящее неопределенное.

I watch TV every day. – Я смотрю телевизор каждый день. день.Не watches TV every day. – Он смотрит телевизор каждый

Past Indefinite – прошедшеенеопределенное.

I watched TV yesterday. – Вчераясмотрелтелевизор. Future Indefinite – будущее неопределенное.

I shall watch TV next Saturday. – Я буду смотреть телеви-

зор в следующую субботу.

Continuous Active – группа продолженных времен в действительное залоге.

Present Continuous – настоящее продолженное. I am reading now. – Я сейчас читаю

Не is reading now. – Он сейчас читает. We are reading now. – Мы сейчас читаем.

Past Continuous – прошедшее продолженное.

Не was working at 11 a.m. – Он работал в 11 утра.

Future Continuous – будущее продолженное.

When I come home he will be sleeping. – Когда я приду домой, он будет спать.

Perfect Active – группа совершенных времен в действи-

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тельном залоге.

Present Perfect – настоящее совершенное. Our train has left. – Наш поезд ушел (уже).

Past Perfect – прошедшее совершенное.

When we arrived at the station, our train had left. – Когда мы приехали на вокзал, наш поезд уже ушел.

Не had come by 5 o'clock. – Он пришел к 5 часам.

Future Perfect – будущее совершенное.

The plane will have landed by 9 a.m. – Самолет приземлится к 9 часам утра.

Perfect Continuous Active – группа совершенных продол-

женных времен.

Present Perfect Continuous – настоящее совершенное продолженное время, (наиболее употребительно из всех времен данной группы).

I have been living in Ekaterinburg for 20 years. – Я живу в Екатеринбурге 20 лет.

We have been flying for 3 hours. – Мы летим уже 3 часа.

1.Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Present Indefinite.

1.Usually my sister (to get) up at seven s'clock. 2. After breakfast she (to go) to the university. 3. My working day (to begin) at seven o'clock. 4. We (to have) supper at seven l'clock in the evening. 5. He (to take) a bus to his factory. 6. In the evening we all (to gather) in the living room. 7. When (to get up) in the morning? 8. Peter (to be) fond of sports.

9.He (not to like) animals. 10. I (to speak) English, and my brother (to speak) French.

2.Поставьте глаголы в Past Indefinite. Переведите.

1.On Friday I get up at half past seven. 2. I wash my hands and face and clean my teeth. 3. Then I cook breakfast for my family. 4. My children have breakfast, take their bags, dress and go to school. 5. On Friday I don't work in the morning. 6. My work begins in the afternoon. 7. I come home at 8 p.m. 8. My family is at home. 9. My husband and children cook supper. 10. After supper we rest a little, do some work about the house, watch TV and then go to bed.

3.Поставьте глаголы в Future Indefinite. Переведите.

1.My brother (to watch) a football match tomorrow. 2. Tomorrow Peter (not to go) to school. 3. Where you (to spend) next summer? 4. I (not

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to play) computer games tomorrow. 5. You (to invite) your friends to the party? 6. The students of our group (to go) to the South next month. 7. I (to send) a letter to my friend tomorrow. 8. We (to grow) tomatoes next summer. 9. You (to write) a dictation tomorrow? 10. My father (to go) on a business trip next Monday.

4.Поставьте глаголы в Present Continuous. Переведите.

1.I (to write) an exercise now. 2. They (to play) in the yard now. 3. He (not to read) now. 4. Her children (to walk) in the park now. 5. What you (to do) now? I (to watch) TV. 6. Look! Mary (to dance). 7. I (not to play) the guitar now. 8. Don't make noise. Father (to sleep). 9. Look! The kitten (to play) with a ball. 10. Your parents (to watch) TV now?

5.Поставьте глаголы в Past Continuous. Переведите.

1.We (to play) chess from 2 till 4 yesterday. 2. I (to write) an English exercise at this time yesterday. 3. What you (to do) at 5 o'clock yesterday? 4. They (to work) in the laboratory at this time yesterday. 5. I (to go) to the cinema when you met me. 6. We (to play) computer games the whole evening yesterday. 7. When I came into the kitchen, mother (to cook). 8. I (to read) for the seminar, when you rang me up. 9. We (to listen) to an interesting lecture at this time yesterday. 10. When I came to my friend's place, he (to watch) TV .

6. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на глагол

вFuture Continuous.

1.The professor will be speaking about the achievements in microelectronics tomorrow at this time. 2. The students will be learning the computers at the lesson tomorrow from 9 till 11. 3. We shall be studying English with the help of the Internet the whole evening. 4. An American scientist will be delivering a lecture about personal computers when you come. 5. I wonder what he will be doing at this time tomorrow.

7. Поставьте глагол в скобках в требующейся форме, чтобы получить Present Perfect.

1. We have just (to talk) about it. 2. They have (to have) two lessons today. 3. He has already (to learn) the rule. 4. Have you (to read) any stories by Jack London? 5. I have already (to do) my homework. 6. Look at my new dress, I have (to make) it myself. 7. All our students have

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already (to see) this film. 8. Mary has ( to buy) a new hat. It is beautiful. 9. Have you (to see) him today? 10. I have just (to meet) our teacher.

8.Переведите.

1.Я уже прочитал эту книгу. 2. Он только что закончил свой эксперимент. 3. Я уже сделал свои уроки. 4. Ты уже нашел эту книгу?

5.Я только что получил письмо от Тома. 6. Мы не виделись с детства.

7.Поезд только что прибыл. 8. Он только что пришел домой. 9. Мама уже приготовила обед. 10. Он ничего не сказал нам об этом.

9.Употребите глаголы в скобках в Past Indefinite или Past Perfect.

1.When I (to come) home, mother already (to cook dinner). 2. Tom (to return) from the cinema by five l'clock. 3. I (to finish) my homework by 7 o'clock. 4. When we (to come) to the station, the train already (to leave). 5. All my friends (to be) glad to hear that I (to pass) all the examinations successfully. 6. I (to learn) all the words by 6 o'clock. 7. He (to translate) ten pages by the evening. 8. Our students (to pass) all the examinations by February. 9. When Ann (to come) home, her brother already (to translate) the text. 10. The rain (to stop) by the evening.

10.Переведите.

1.I shall have done my homework by 6 o'clock tomorrow. 2. He will have translated the article by the time we come. 3. Will you have done this work by next Sunday? 4. How many pages will you have read by 5 o'clock tomorrow? 5. I shall have done my homework by the time he comes and we shall go for a walk together.

11.Переведите, обращая внимание на глаголы в Present Perfect Continuous.

1.He has been writing a composition since moring. 2. Our children have been playing in the park the whole day. 3. For how many years have you been living in this town? 4. How long have you been waiting for me? I am really very sorry. 5. Here you are at last! I have been waiting for you for half an hour.

10. Согласование времен в сложноподчиненных предложениях

Если сказуемое главного предложения употребляется в прошедшем времени, то в придаточном предложении сказуе-

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The composition (to write) by them the whole morning yesterday. 8. The law (to examine) attentively now.

4.Переведите предложения.

1.The babies are looked after by their mothers. 2. The professor was listened to with great attention. 3. The doctor will be sent for. 4. He is always laughed at. 5. This picture is often looked at with great interest. 6. The house wasn't lived in. 7. His report is looked for everywhere. 8. The rainy days were followed by sunny ones. 9. This young engineer is often spoken about. 10. He will be sent for tomorrow.

12. Модальные глаголы can, may, must

Глагол can (could – прошедшее время) – могу, может и т.д. -выражает возможность, способность что-то делать.

She is only five, but she can read. – Ей всего пять лет, но она умеет (может) читать.

Can she read? – Она умеет читать? Yes, she can. – Да. No, she cannot. – Нет.

He could skate. – Он умел кататься на коньках.

Для выражения действия в будущем времени, а также в настоящем и прошедшем употребляется модальная конструкция be able to – быть в состоянии что-то сделать.

Не will be able to help us. – Он сможет помочь нам.

We can speak English. = We are able to speak English. – Мы умеем говорить по-английски.

He could draw well. = He was able to draw well. – Он умел

(мог) хорошо рисовать.

Глагол must – должен – (форма только настоящего времени) выражает необходимость, вынужденность действия.

You must do your homework. – Вы должны делать домашнее задание.

Конструкция have to – заменяет глагол must, особенно в прошедшем и будущем времени.

I had to work much yesterday. – Я должен был (мне при-

шлось) много вчера работать.

Не will have to wait for the dean. – Он должен будет (ему придется) подождать декана.

Глагол may – могу, можешь, может (might – в прошедшем времени) выражает возможность, предположение, разрешение.

You may use this telephone. – Вы можете пользоваться этим телефоном.

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It may rain today. – Сегодня может идти дождь (может быть дождь).

Конструкция be allowed to может заменять глагол may в настоящем и будущем времени и используется в будущем.

You are allowed to come later. – Вы можете (вам разрешается) прийти позже.

They will be allowed to use dictionaries. – Они смогут пользоваться словарями (им разрешат пользоваться).

1.Переведите предложения, употребляя модальный глагол can (could).

1.Я умею говорить по-английски. 2. Он умеет хорошо кататься на коньках. 3. Я не умею играть в теннис. 4. Ты умеешь плавать? 5. Ты умел плавать в прошлом году? 6. В прошлом году я не умел говорить по-английски. 7. Мой друг не может прийти вовремя. 8. Я умел петь, но не умел танцевать. 9. Моя сестра умеет хорошо готовить. 10. Он мог понимать математику.

2.Перепишите предложения в Past и Future Indefinite используя be able to.

He can translate this text without a dictionary. 2. We can do this work at home. 3. Can you answer my question?

3.Переведите предложения.

1.I must help my mother today. 2. You must not talk at the lessons.

3.Must we learn the poem by heart? 4. You must learn all the words. 5. Don't ring him up, he must be very busy. 6. It must be very difficult to learn Chinese. 7. We must work hard at our English. 8. You must go not to be late for the lessons. 9. We must be attentive in the street. 10. She must be at home now.

4.Переведите на английский следующие вопросы, используя have to. Ответьте на эти вопросы.

1.Что вы должны сделать сегодня? 2. Что вам придется сделать завтра? 3. Что вам пришлось сделать вчера?

Используйте: to go to the shop, to do, homework, to cook dinner, to go to the University, to read for the seminar…

5.Переведите предложения.

1.He is to come here at five l'clock. 2. The train was to arrive at sixfifteen. 3. She was to graduate from the University that year. 4. The plane

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is to land at ten l'clock. 5. The lecture is to begin at eight. 6. He was to meet her at the station. 7. We were to meet at two l'clock to go to the stadium together. 8. The meeting is to begin at five o'clock. Don't be late.

6.Переведите предложения.

1.You may take my dictionary. 2. It may rain soon. 3. If you have done your homework, you may go for a walk. 4. May we take notes with a pencil? 5. It stopped raining and we might go out. 6. May I open the window? 7. You may invite Nick to our party. 8. The teacher said that we might go home. 9. I thought that I might watch TV . 10. May I go for a walk?

7.Переведите предложения.

1.We are allowed to stay at home. 2. They will be allowed to bring dictionaries. 3. I think I will not be allowed to go to the country with you.

4.Will you be allowed to take this book? 5. After dinner you will be allowed to play in the yard. 6. She will not be allowed to come home late.

7.When will he be allowed to eat ice-cream? 8. Will they be allowed to go to the river? 9. The child was not allowed to go to school alone. 10. He is not allowed to swim in this lake.

13. Условные предложения

Тип 1 (реальное условие)

If it rains, we won't go for a walk. – Если будет дождь, мы не пойдем гулять.

If you don't take a taxi, you will miss your train. – Если ты не возьмешь такси, то опоздаешь на поезд.

Тип 2 (условие предполагаемое, относящееся к настоящему или будущему).

If I knew his address, I would tell you. – Если бы я знал его адрес, я бы сказал его тебе.

Тип 3 (условие предполагаемое, относящееся к прошед-

шим событиям). If you had started earlier, you wouldn't have missed the train. – Если бы ты выехал раньше, то не опоздал бы на поезд (в реальности опоздал).

1. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на тип условного предложения.

1. If I find my book I shall be very glad. 2. If she falls ill she will go to the doctor. 3. If I lose my money I shall be very sorry. 4. If I were a scientist I should invent a time machine. 5. If I were a writer I should write interesting novels. 6. If I studied well I should get state grant. 7. If you

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