Англ. яз. Методичка

6. The volume occupied by a quantity of natural gas is inversely proportional to the absolute pressure exerted upon it, if temperature is held constant.

7. The volume is directly proportional to its absolute temperature if the pressure is held constant. To accurately define a volume of gas it is necessary to define the conditions of pressure and temperature at which it is measured.

Infinitive Active) her. 4. I am glad (to see - Perfect Infinitive Active) you.

б) Переведите предложения с инфинитивом. (0,2×5)

1. I cannot bear you to speak of that. 2. He ordered his carriage to be ready in the morning. 3. We are sure to come at the heart of the matter. 4. He is expected to give us an answer tomorrow. 5. He spoke loud enough for you to hear.

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в) Выберите соответствующую форму инфинитива. (0,1×5)

1. He deserves (to punish, to be punished). 2. I decided not (return, to return) a ticket. 3. The daughter intended (call, to call) in the morning. 4. Jake meant (go, to go) there after dinner. 5. You should never forget (say, to say), “Thank you”.

а) Переведите на русский язык предложения с объектным инфинитивным оборотом. (0,2×10)

Model: I expect her to come tomorrow. - Я ожидаю, что она придет завтра.

1. I don’t want you to catch cold. 2. We expected the delegation to come. 3. They don’t like you to bring bad marks. 4. The teacher made him rewrite the exercise. 5. I

АГНИ

know her to be clever. 6. Tom saw Alice leave the room. 7. I hate you to forget your duties. 8. The father didn’t let his son drive the car. 9. He felt somebody push him. 10. They would like us to lose the game.

April 12th, 1961.ро4. He is supposed to be a very good film actor. 5. He is believed to be innocent of the crime. 6. Innocent people were announced to have been murdered

it. 3. Juri Gagarin is known to be the first man in the world to travel into space on

by terrorists.7.ектThe terrorist was announced to have been killed by his own bomb. 8. The exhibition is expected to open by the end of next week. 9. Monet’s painting is

Эreportedл to be on exhibition until the end of the month. 10. The President of Russia is certain to speak to the nation on television tonight.

б) Перефразируйте предложения, употребив субъектный инфинитивный оборот. (0,2×5)

Model: It is said that they live in Moscow. – They are said to live in Moscow. It is known that he is a good man. – He is known to be a good man.

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1. It is supposed that the well-known playwright is working on a new play. 2. It is reported that the flood has caused severe damage to the crops. 3. It was supposed that the crops would be rich that year. 4. It has been found that this mineral water is very good for the liver. 5. It is considered that electricity exists throughout space.

a) Переведите на русский язык предложения с глаголом-сказуемым в сослагательном наклонении. (0,2×10)

1. It would be nice to have a rest. 2. If we had had to choose we should have gone to Paris instead. 3. If you went to the theatre we could join you. 4. Could you tell me the way to the main building? 5. I’d like to thank you for your help. 6. It would be silly

1. One body has great influence over the worldwide price of oil. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is a cartel comprising 12 of the world's biggest oil-producing nations, including all of the major Middle Eastern states, Venezuela and Nigeria. According to OPEC, this cartel controls 78% of the world's

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known oil reserves. The major oil producers not in OPEC include Russia, Canada, the USA.

2. Since OPEC's nations produce so much of the world's oil supply, they can manipulate the price per barrel depending upon how many barrels per day the group will sell on the world oil market. If the group wants the price to rise - in order to make more money - they can reduce the amount of oil contributed to the world

market. And if they want the price to dip - they can release more barrels to the market.

3. While Canada, Russia, America and other producers can also increase supply, they

cannot affect world prices nearly as much as OPEC can and does. One might assume

there is only one type of oil, but that's far from the truth - there are 161 different

types, each type with its own consistency, chemical breakdown and potential for use.

АГНИ

5. Other price benchmarks are used иin otherблparts of the world. Most European nations use the Brent Blend, foundбin the North Sea, as their benchmark price. Another heavily used benchmark is the OPEC basket, which combines the prices of several other popular types of oil from around the world into a "price basket". And while oil can be purchased directly, the commonly cited price per barrel does not reflect what a customer pays. Instead, the price bandied about has been sold on the

availability. Theроsupply of oil in the world market has an impact on its price, and the fluctuations are passed on to consumers, especially in nations that use a lot of oil,

6. Oil is one of the world's most important commodities, and as a result, the nations

that control the bulk of the world's supply have a great deal of power over its

Нефтяные ресурсы; опускать цену; химический распад; исходная цена; торговый рынок.

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Задание 3. Перепишите предложения и прокомментируйте их 0,5 балла словами True (правильно) или False (неправильно) в (0,1×5) соответствии с содержанием текста.

1. OPEC controls 78% of the world's known oil reserves. 2. Canada can manipulate the price per barrel. 3. America cannot affect world oil prices. 4. WTI is easy to break

He spoke loud enough for you to hear. 4. Diana seems to be resting now. 5. They are considered to have beenннliving here long.

в) Выберите соответствующую форму инфинитива. (0,1×5)

1. She had nobody (to communicate, communicate) with. 2. He is sure (keeps, to keep) his promise. 3. We hope (to buy, buy) a car. 4. I must remember (meet, to

Model: I expect her to come tomorrow. - Я ожидаю, что она придет завтра.

1. We wanted them to achieve success. 2. I expect the teacher to give me a good mark. 3. The illness made him stay at home. 4. I want you to come with me. 5. Susan heard the door open. 6. Alice saw her brother take the keys. 7. Everybody knows

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Byron to be a great poet. 8. Have you heard him sing? 9. Let me tell you something. 10. She noticed Jack give them a signal.

б) Составьте предложения, употребив объектный инфинитивный оборот. (0,1×5)

Model: I want (you, go) there. - I want you to go there.

1. The instructor made (the sportsmen, continue) their training. 2. He expects (I, type)

а) Переведите предложения с субъектным инфинитивным оборотом.

(0,2×10)

Model: She is said to know several foreign languages. – Говорят, что она знает несколько иностранных языков.

were missing after the battle. 4. It is known that Dan is a handsome man. 5. It is expected that they have heard all about it.

unforgettable party for you too. 5. If I had any free time now or tomorrow, I would do the work myself. 6. I'm so sorry I had no money with me yesterday, I would have bought that dress. 7. Would you tell me if you knew it? 8. If it stopped raining we could go for a walk. 9. Would you mind my closing the window? 10. If we had had a chance to go somewhere we would have gone to Paris.

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б) Переведите на английский язык. (0,2×3)

Образец: 1. Жаль, что ее не было там. (Мне бы хотелось, чтобы она была там) –

I wish she had been there.

2. Жаль, что я не богат. ( Мне бы хотелось, чтобы я был богат) - I wish I were rich.

3. Жаль, что я не поеду в Нью-Йорк летом. (Я бы хотел узнать их решение) - I wish I would go to New York next summer.

1. Хотелось бы, чтобы вы сдержали обещание.

2. Он жалел, что не получил высшее образование. 3. Хотелось бы, чтобы Вы приготовили это блюдо.

1. The chief sources of energy available to man today are oil, natural gas, coal, water power and atomic energy.аяCoal, gas and oil represent energy that has been concentrated by the decay of organic materials (plants and animals) accumulated in the geologic past. Theseннfuels are often referred to as fossil fuels.

2. The word fossilро(derived from the Latin fodere “to dig up”) originally referred to anything that was dug from the ground, particularly a mineral. Today the term fossil generally means any direct evidence of past life, for example, the footprints of ancient animals.кт Fossils are usually found in sedimentary rocks, although sometimes they еmay be found in igneous and metamorphic rocks as well. They are most abundantл in mudstone, shale and limestone, but fossils are also found in sandstone, dolomite and conglomerate.

Э3. Most fuels are carbon containing substances that are burned in air. In burning fuels give off heat which is used for different purposes.

4. Fuels may be solid, liquid and gaseous. Solid fuels may be divided into two main groups, natural and manufactured. The former category includes coal, wood, peat and other plant products. The latter category includes coke and charcoal obtained by heating coal in the absence of air.

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5. Liquid fuels are derived from petroleum. In general, natural petroleum, or crude oil, as it is widely known, is the basis of practically all industrial fuels. Petroleum is a mixture of hundreds of different hydrocarbons – compounds composed of hydrogen and carbon – together with the small amount of other elements such as sulphur, oxygen and nitrogen. Petroleum is usually associated with water and natural gas. It is found in porous sedimentary rocks where the geological formation allowed the oil to collect from wide area. Petroleum is one of the most efficient fuels and raw materials.

methane or petroleum. Using gaseous fuels makes it possible to obtain high thermal efficiency, ease of distribution and control. Gas is the most economical and convenient type of fuels. Today gas is widely utilized in the home and as a raw material for producing synthetics.

6. Of gaseous fuels the most important are those derived from naturalАГНИgas, chiefly

7. Scientists consider that a most promising source of natural resources may be the floor of the sea, a subject which now has become an important field a research.

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ЧАСТЬ II

Задание 1 Тема 1: Инфинитив, формы и функции. 1,9 баллa

a) Поставьте глагол в соответствующую форму инфинитива. (0,1×4)

1. The device (to test - Perfect Infinitive Passive) in our lab is so suitable for the

office. 2. The manager made me (to write - Simple Infinitive Active) the report. 3. АГНИ

The first duty of the artist is (to gain - Simple Infinitive Active) knowledge. 4. It is pleasant (to drive - Continuous Infinitive Active) a car again.

1. He hates her to be flogged. 2. His mother suffered him to play with Paul. 3. He stepped aside for me to pass. 4. Caroline is unlikely to be having fun at the moment. 5. The question seems to have been solved.

expected him to return. 4. I saw Nick come. 5. Our teacher likes us to ask questions. 6. They knew Ivanov to be a great scientist. 7. I didn’t expect it to happen so soon. 8. Shall we hear the telephone ring? 9. Everybody believed her to be smart. 10. Since then our parents haven’t let Dan go out.

а) Переведите предложения с субъектным инфинитивным оборотом. (0,2×10)

Model: She is said to know several foreign languages. – Говорят, что она знает несколько иностранных языков.

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1. The percentage of carbon in this steel turned out to be low. 2. Irving is expected to be a long, pale-faced fellow. 3. His office is likely to be in one of the back streets. 4. He appeared to be an ideal man. 5. She doesn’t seem to want to do anything I suggest. 6. He is thought to have no feeling for his nephew. 7. This appeared to amuse the policeman. 8. You can easily get in through the window if the door happens to be locked. 9. The peasants are unlikely to see her. 10. The Gadfly is said to have taken a dislike to Signora Grassini.

б) Перефразируйте предложения, употребив субъектный инфинитивный оборот. (0,2×5)

Model: It is said that they live in Moscow. – They are said to live in Moscow.

It is known that he is a good man. – He is known to be a good man.

1. It is reported that the flood has caused much damage to the crops. 2. It is believed

АГНИ

1. Would you like to come with us? 2. If he sold his car he would receive a lot of money. 3. What would you do if you lost your key? 4. It would be nice to have a rest.

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