Англ.мова

1.He received … from his doctor as he had not been feeling well. (advice)

2.One has to take out a(n) … in order to protect an invention. (legal document)

3.He isn‟t a professional athlete; he‟s a talented …. (unpaid sportsman)

4.Ever since he was a boy, he has been in … of the American dream. (search)

5.Despite having sufficient experience, she was … for promotion. (passed

over)

Exercise 6. Fill in the appropriate word(s) from the list. Use the word(s) only

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Exercise 7. Your aim is to become a rich person. Make a plan of how you are going to reach this aim. Tell other students about your ideas on the topic.

Exercise 8. Write five GOOD questions about rags-to-riches. Do this in pairs. Each student must write the questions on his / her own paper.

When you have finished, interview other students. Write down their answers.

Exercise 9. Discuss the following questions.

1)What springs to mind when you hear the word „millionaire‟?

2)Do you know of any rags-to-riches stories?

3)Do you believe in fate?

Exercise 10. Write about poverty for 10 minutes. Correct your partner‟s paper.

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UNIT IX. DESCENDING TO NEW OCEAN DEPTHS

Exercise 1. Listen to the text and fill in the gaps.

A 1)______________________ the world now has two ocean garbage patches. These are huge areas of the ocean which have a huge floating island 2)______________________. The first garbage patch was discovered in the Pacific by ocean researcher Charles Moore in 1997. 3)______________________ in the Atlantic by a husband and wife team Anna

Cummins and Marcus Eriksen. “We found the Great Atlantic Garbage Patch,” said Ms Cummins. “4)______________________ people know that plastic ocean pollution is a global problem. Unfortunately, 5)______________________ a single patch,” she added. Ms Cummins described her sadness at what humans are doing to the ocean: “It‟s shocking to see it firsthand….We‟ve 6)______________________ footprint really everywhere.”

The BBC has 7)______________________ damage the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is doing. Tons of plastic is washing up on the beaches of Hawaii. This island 8)______________________ for having some of the world‟s most beautiful beaches. The very name „Hawaii‟ 9)______________________

paradise islands. No longer. The BBC‟s presenter Simon Reeve says Kamilo

Beach on the island of Hawaii 10)______________________ “the world‟s dirtiest beach”. He went on a tour of the remote beach with a local conservationist. They analysed what was on the beach and found more plastic particles 11)______________________. A Wikipedia search confirms the beach‟s new status. The website says, “it is known for its accumulation

12)______________________ from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch”.

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Exercise 2. Read and remember the following words.Work in pairs: check up your memorizing of the fiven words.

descend [dɪ'send] спускатися, сходити (вниз), знижуватися; legend ['leʤənd] легенда;

submerge [səb'mɜːʤ] занурювати(ся), поринати; submersible [səb'mɜːsəbl] придатний для дії під водою; da Vinci ['vɪnʧɪ] да Вінчі;

national ['næʃ(ə)n(ə)l] національний, народний;

Geneva [ʤɪ'niːvə] Женева;

Japanese [ˌʤæp(ə)'niːz] японський;

technician [tek'nɪʃ(ə)n] 1) майстер своєї справи; фахівець;

2) людина, яка добре володіє технікою (в живописі, музиці тощо); extreme [ɪks'triːm, ek-] крайній, надзвичайний, останній;

precision [prɪ'sɪʒ(ə)n] точність, чіткість;

essentially [ɪ'senʃ(ə)lɪ] по суті, суттєво, суттєвим чином; cycloid ['saɪklɔɪd] циклоїда;

particular [pə'tɪkjələ] особливий, винятковий, своєрідний; wrist [rɪst] зап‟ясток;

provide [prə'vaɪd] постачати, забезпечувати;

sample ['sɑːmpl] зразок, взірець, проба, шаблон, модель; image ['ɪmɪʤ] зображення, образ;

scale [skeɪl] шкала, ступінь, рівень, розмір;

join [ʤɔɪn] з‟єднувати(ся), об‟єднувати(ся), приєднувати(ся); politician [ˌpɔlɪ'tɪʃ(ə)n] політик, державний діяч.

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Exercise 3. Read and translate the following words. Make up sentences using these words.

ocean ['əuʃ(ə)n], container [kən'teɪnə], apparatus [ˌæp(ə)'reɪtəs], machine [mə'ʃiːn], spherical ['sferɪk(ə)l)], plastic ['plæstɪk], helicopter ['helɪkɔptə], manoeuvre [mə'nuːvə], mechanical [mɪ'kænɪk(ə)l], manipulator [mə'nɪpjəleɪtəˌ mə'nɪpjuleɪtə], miniature ['mɪnəʧə], microphone ['maɪkrəfəun], cultivate ['kʌltɪveɪt], titanium [tɪ'teɪnɪəmˌ taɪ'teɪnɪəm].

Exercise 4. Read the text and answer the questions.

1.What is the text about?

2.What is a submersible?

3.Who was the first to think of a submersible vehicle?

4.Who wrote about a submersible?

5.What special systems will be used on a new submersible?

6.What are the characteristics of the manipulator system?

7.What kind of submersible is being designed at present?

8.What do you think of the future of such vehicles?

9.What is the name of the famous French scientist, an explorer of the

ocean?

10.Have you seen his film? Have you read his books?

DESCENDING TO NEW OCEAN DEPTHS

We know little about the ocean yet. The dream of exploring under the waves is almost as old as seagoing. Legend says that Alexander the Great submerged himself in a round glass container, and Leonardo da Vinci designed a submersible vehicle in his notebooks centuries before Jules Verne wrote

“Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea”. If their dreams had been realized and such a craft had been constructed, mankind would have known about the

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secrets of Ocean much earlier. However, already during the Swiss National Fair in 1964 a submersible vehicle took thousands of people deep into Lake Geneva.

Not long ago, the crafts that penetrated the ocean depths were almost as primitive as the marine life they watched around them. However, non-military deep sea ships, so-called submersibles, were progressing rapidly. Russian, French, Japanese and American scientists are developing

crafts that can submerge deeper, stay longer and find out more that earlier apparatuses.

Soon, one of the most advanced crafts, a one passenger submerging ship, will be tested. It may be able to take explorers and technicians deeper than ever before (up to 3,300 feet) and perform difficult underwater tasks with extreme precision.

This new submersible is essentially a spherical transparent plastic hull1 mounted on a metal platform. It looks like an underwater helicopter and can manoeuvre itself in its water environment with some of the versatility2 of a helicopter due to the use of a cycloid rotor3 instead of conventional marinepropeller screws4. It is expected that this apparatus will move around the ocean like a sports car.

However, the breakthrough5 that will make this particular craft quite different from other manned submersibles is a mechanical hand called the sensory manipulator system6. Miniature video cameras on the “wrist” of the manipulator provide it with vision and microphones enable the submersible to

“hear”. This manipulator system is designed to lift up to 120 pounds and will also be able to perform such accurate scientific work as collecting samples of

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ocean-floor minerals and marine life. When demonstrated, it lifted crystal glasses, drew pictures and wrote with a pen.

Some scientists are trying to develop the world‟s deepest manned submersible. When completed, it will be capable of submerging to the depths of 21,000 feet. Its crew will be in a pressure-resistant titanium-alloy cabin. This craft will be driven by a battery-

operated electric motor and will work for up to nine hours. It will record images with colour television and stereo cameras and will collect samples by manipulating two robotic arms.

If such crafts are constructed on a large scale, we shall be able not only to spend our holidays enjoying the underwater life, but also grow and cultivate sea plants, fish and pearls. It will be possible provided scientists, designers and politicians from all over the world join their efforts and solve the most important problems in this field.

1transparent plastic hull – прозорий пластмасовий корпус

2versatility – свобода пересування

3cycloid rotor – несучий гвинт циклоїдного типу

4marine-propeller screw – судовий гребний гвинт

5breakthrough – радикальне рішення

6sensory manipulator system – сенсорна система маніпулятора

Exercise 5. Define whether the statements are true or false. Correct the false ones.

1.We know very little about the ocean yet.

2.The dream of exploring the underwater life is very old.

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3.It was Jules Verne who was the first to write about a submersible vehicle.

4.Only Japanese scientists are developing deep water submersible crafts.

5.A new submersible craft looks and moves like an underwater helicopter.

6.A new submersible is provided with a manipulator that is designed to lift 120 tons.

7.When demonstrated, it lifted crystal glasses and drew pictures.

8.When completed, the world‟s deepest manned submersible will be capable of

submerging to the depth of 21,000 feet.

9. This craft will be driven by a battery-operated electric motor.

Exercise 6. Fill in the gaps to form words and word-combinations.

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UNIT X. JACQUES-YVES COUSTEAU (HOME-READING)

Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian in writing.

Born: June 11, 1910

Saint-André-de-Cubzac, France

Died: June 25, 1997

Paris, France

French oceanographer, inventor, photographer, explorer, and environmentalist

Jacques Cousteau was an undersea explorer, a photographer, an inventor of diving devices and a writer. Most important was his work that he produced and wrote for television, which enlightened audiences around the world on the subjects of the ocean‟s natural treasures and the effects of pollution.

Early life and inspiration

Jacques-Yves Cousteau was born on June 11, 1910, in Saint-André-de- Cubzac, France, to Daniel and Elizabeth Cousteau. After their son‟s birth, the Cousteaus returned to Paris, France, where Daniel worked as a lawyer. Although Cousteau was a sickly child, who the doctors told not to participate in any strenuous activity, he learned to swim and soon developed a passionate love for the sea. He combined this love with an early interest in invention and built a model of a marine crane when he was eleven years old.

In school Cousteau was bored and often misbehaved. He was even expelled at one time. In 1930 Cousteau entered France‟s naval academy, the Ecole Navale, in Brest. He graduated three years later and then entered the French navy. In 1936 he was given a pair of underwater goggles, the kind used by divers. Cousteau was so impressed with what he saw beneath the sea that he

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