Англ.мова

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Exercise 9. Work in groups. Match the words with the pictures. Make up sentences to each of the pictures and write them down.

anchorman - cartoon - channel - commercial - couch potato - game show - guest - host - reality show - remote control - serial - sitcom - soap opera - talk show - thriller - TV News - TV viewers

The … is on the left and the … is on the right.

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Exercise 10. Work in pairs: Television Viewing Habits Questionnaire.

Exercise 11. TWO–MINUTE TV DEBATES: With different partners have these

fun 2-minute debates. Your teacher will time you and tell you to change

partners.

TV should be for Mondays only. vs. No way.

Children should exercise for 6 hours a day. vs. That‟s too long.

Children should not be allowed to have a TV in their bedrooms. vs. Bad idea.

TV is educational. vs. TV damages young minds.

Kids should only be allowed to watch TV if they exercise. vs. Not with today‟s kids.

Children should be able to carry mobile TVs. vs. Mobile TVs means no exercise.

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UNIT XIV. MADE IN SPACE

Exercise 1. Listen to the text and fill in the spaces.

NASA has successfully 1)__________ a rocket carrying a planet-hunting telescope. The powerful Kepler telescope will search for planets 2)__________

to the Earth. Scientists believe there are good 3)__________ of finding a planet like ours somewhere out there in the galaxy. There are billions and billions of stars in the 4)__________. If one planet is the right 5)__________ from one of these stars, then conditions might be right to 6)__________ life. The planet‟s atmosphere should neither be too hot nor too cold. The planet would also need water. The telescope is 7)__________ after the German 17th-Century astronomer Johannes Kepler. It will spend more than three years looking for dark specks against the 8)__________ of a hundred-thousand stars. These specks could be Earth-like planets.

The manager of the $600-million project Jim Fanson said: "We have a feeling like we're about to 9)__________ sail across an ocean to discover a new world." NASA‟s space science boss Ed Weiler agreed that the mission was a

“historical” 10)__________ in space exploration. However, he couldn‟t say

11)__________ or not the telescope would find another Earth. “It very possibly could tell us that Earths are very, very 12)__________...or that Earths are really, really, really 13)__________ - perhaps we're the only Earth,” he said. He told reporters how important Kepler‟s 14)__________ was, saying: "It really attacks some basic human 15)__________ that have been asked since that first man or woman looked up at the sky and asked, 'Are we 16)__________?‟”

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Exercise 2. Learn the following words. Work in pairs: check up your partner‟s memorizing of these words.

Exercise 3. Read and translate the following words. Translate them into Ukrainian. Work in groups: make up sentences using these words.

surprise [sə'praɪz], substance ['sʌbst(ə)ns], magnetic [mæg'netɪk], laser ['leɪzə], polymer ['pɔlɪmə], plastics ['plæstɪks], experiment [ɪk'sperɪmənt], orbital ['ɔːbɪt(ə)l], expert ['ekspɜːt], simulate

['sɪmjəleɪt], gravitational [ˌgrævɪ'teɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l], convection [kən'vekʃ(ə)n], temperature ['temp(ə)rəʧə], hydromechanical ['haɪdrəumɪ'kænɪk(ə)l], acceleration [əkˌselə'reɪʃ(ə)n], project ['prɔʤekt], label ['leɪb(ə)l], material [mə'tɪərɪəl], alloy ['ælɔɪ], peculiar [pɪ'kjuːlɪə], numerous ['njuːm(ə)rəs], pave

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[peɪv], vehicle ['viːɪkl], inertia [ɪ'nɜːʃə], Archimedes [ˏa:kɪ'mi:di:z], consequently ['kɔnsɪkwəntlɪ], component [kəm'pəunənt], quite [kwaɪt], cause [kɔːz], research [rɪ'sɜːʧ], biochemist [ˌbaɪəu'kemɪst], biological [ˌbaɪəu'lɔʤɪk((ə)l)], special ['speʃ(ə)l].

Exercise 4. Read the text and answer the questions.

1.What is this text about?

2.Have you seen the label “Made in Space” anywhere?

3.Why can‟t certain materials be produced on Earth?

4.Can all the conditions on board a space vehicle be simulated on Earth?

5.When will it be possible to start industrial production of materials in space?

6.Why can we obtain materials of better quality in space?

7.What equipment is needed for producing materials in space?

8.How will this equipment operate?

MADE IN SPACE

This label “Made in Space” for industrial materials will probably surprise no one in the not so distant future. They may include superconductors, new kinds of alloys, substances with peculiar magnetic properties, supertransparent laser glass1, polymers, plastics, and so on. Numerous experiments carried out at the Russian orbital space stations have paved the way2 to the development of methods and means of industrial production of new materials of better quality on board a spacecraft3. Experts estimate that within a few coming years industrial production of various materials will be started in space.

Conditions on board a space vehicle orbiting Earth greatly differ from those on its surface. However, all of these conditions can be simulated4 on

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Earth, except for one – prolonged weightlessness. Weightlessness can be created on Earth, but only for a few seconds. A space flight is another matter: a satellite orbiting Earth is in a dynamic zero-gravity state, i.e., when gravity is cancelled out5 by inertia.

What can weightlessness be used for? Many well-known processes go on differently due to the absence of weight. The Archimedes principle is no longer valid and, consequently, stable-state6 liquid mixtures can be obtained, the components of which would immediately separate on Earth because of different density. In case of melts7 of metals, glasses or semiconductors, they can be cooled down to the solidification point even in space and then brought back to Earth. Such materials will possess quite unusual qualities.

In space there is no gravitational convection8, i.e., movements of gases of liquids caused by difference of temperatures. It is well-known that various defects in semiconductors occur because of convection. Biochemists also have to deal with the worst aspects of convection, for example, in the production of superpure biologically active substances. Convection makes it very difficult on Earth.

Following the launch of the first orbital stations the specialists started experiments aimed at proving the advantages of the zero-gravity state for the production of certain materials. In this country all orbital stations from Salyut 5 onwards were used for that purpose, as well as rockets. Since 1976 over 600 technological experiments have been carried out on board manned and unmanned space vehicles.

The experiments proved that many of the properties of the materials obtained under the zero-gravity condition were much better than those produced on Earth. Besides, it has been established that it is necessary to develop a new science – physics of the weightless state – which forms the theoretical basis for space industry and space materials study. This science has basically been

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developed. The methods of mathematical modeling of the hydromechanical process under the zero-gravity condition have been created with the help of computers.

Special space vehicles will also be needed for industrial production of new-generation materials. Research has shown that the acceleration rate on board these vehicles must be reduced to the minimum. It was found that space platforms in independent flight carrying the equipment were most suitable for producing materials. These vehicles will have to use their own propulsion systems to approach their base orbital station after a certain period of time. The cosmonauts on board the station can replace the specimens. Many new and very interesting projects are planned for orbital stations. Here is one of them. Convection does not allow growing large protein crystals on Earth. But it is possible to grow such crystals under the zero-gravity condition and to study their structure. The data obtained during the experiments can be useful for the work of laboratories on Earth in using the methods of gene engineering9. Thus, it may be possible to make new materials in space and also to obtain valuable scientific data for new highly efficient technologies on Earth.

Preparatory work for industrial production in space at a larger scale is being carried out in Russia, the USA, Western Europe and Japan. It should be said that according to the estimates of American experts production of materials in space is to bring 60 billion dollars in the future.

1supertransparent laser glass – надпрозоре лазерне скло

2to pave the way – прокласти шлях

3on board (a spacecraft) – на борту (космічного корабля)

4to simulate – моделювати, імітувати

5to cancel out – знищувати, врівноважувати

6stable-state – стійкий стан

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7in case of melts – у випадку розплавів

8gravitational convection – гравітаційна конвекція (перенесення тепла під дією сили тяжіння)

9gene engineering – гена інженерія

Exercise 5. Choose the correct answer.

1.Many well-known processes go on differently in space due to a) different density.

b) the presence of weight. c) the absence of weight.

2.The components of stable-state liquid mixtures would separate on Earth because of

a) high temperature. b) different density.

c) different conditions.

3.It is well-known that various defects in semiconductors occur because of

a)weightlessness.

b)solidification.

c)convection.

Exercise 6. Make a sentence out of the two parts and write them down.

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Exercise 7. Discuss the following questions in groups.

1.What condition on board a space vehicle can‟t be simulated on Earth?

2.What eliminates gravity during a space flight?

3.What can be the industrial use of weightlessness?

4.What industrial materials can be produced in space?

5.What is Ukraine‟s contribution to the development of space technologies?

Exercise 8. WELCOME TO EARTH: What would you show an alien visitor to Earth? Complete the table with your partner(s). Change partners and talk about what you have written.

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