для студентов / готский

ɞɟɧɢɸ ɢɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɪɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɬɟɫɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɧɨ

ɜɵɦɢ ɫ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹɦɢ

ɍɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɩ ɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɫɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɫ ɢɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɢ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚɯwisan ɛɵɬɶ ɢ wair an ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɫɹ ɋɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɥɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭ ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɭɬɨɱɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɟ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬ ȼ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɝɨɬɫɤɢɯ ɢɦɟɧ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɩɨɬ ɪɟɛɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɚɪɬɢɤɥɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɟɧɢɹsa, ata, so. ɋɢɥɶɧɚɹɮɨɪɦɚ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ

ɋɥɚɛɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɫɥɟ ɚɪɬɢɤɥɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ o. ɋɥɚɛɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɢ ɜ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫ ɚɪ ɬɢɤɥɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɫɥɨɜɨɦsa.

ɉɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚ ɫɥɚɛɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɢɱɟɦ ɧɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɨɬ ɫɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɧ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦɢ ɧɚ -n- ɫɦ ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ

21

ɋɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɬɫɤɢɯ ɢɦɟɧ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨ

ɜɵɜɚɥɢɫɶɤɚɤɢɜɞɪɭɝɢɯɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɢɯɹɡɵɤɚɯɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢ

ɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɨɜ

-iza- / -ǀza- -ista- / -ǀsta-

ɝɨɬhauhs ± hauhiza - hauhists

ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɭɩɩɥɟɬɢɜɧɨɟ

ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɟɣ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɬ ɟ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ ɝɨɬleitils ± minniza ± minnists.

ȼ ɝɨɬɫɤɨɦ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɫɶ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɬɤɢ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ ɢɧ ɞɨɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫ ɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɨɦ *-m- ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɥɢɡɤɨɟ ɤ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ

ɝɨɬfruma ɩɟɪɜɵɣ, auhumaɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣaftuma ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ, iftumaɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ

ɉɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɩɭ ɬɺɦ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɚ-ista- ɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɚ-m-:

ɝɨɬ auhumists ɫɚɦɵɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ, spedimista ɫɚɦɚɹ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɧɹɹ.

ɉɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɟɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɫɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɨɦ-nd- ɜɝɨɬɫɤɨɦɫɤɥɨɧɹ

ɥɨɫɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨ ɫɥɚɛɨɦɭ ɫɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɸ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɢɦ ɩ ɟɞ ɱ ɦ ɪ

ɉɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɟɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɨ

ɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫɢɥɶ

ɧɭɸ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɥɚɛɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɫɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ

22

ȼ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɝɨɬɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ

ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡ

ɜɪɚɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɬɹɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨ

ɩɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ȼɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɫɨɛɚɹ

ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ

Ʌɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɟɧɢɹ-ɝɨ ɢ-ɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɢ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ

ɢɦɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɵ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ

ɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɟɧɢɣ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ

ξɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɟɧɢɹ-ɝɨ ɢ-ɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɧɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɪɨɞɚɦ

ξɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɟɧɢɹ-ɝɨ ɢ-ɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɫɤɥɨ ɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɚɞɟɠɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɫɭɩɩɥɟɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɨɪɦ

ξɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɵɯ

ɩɚɞɟɠɟɣ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɫɨ ɫɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɟɧɢɣ-ɝɨ ɢ-ɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ

ξɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɟɧɢɹ -ɝɨɢ -ɝɨɥɢɰɚɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɮɨɪɦɵ ɞɜɨɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɫɦ ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ

23

Ƚɥɚɝɨɥ

ȼ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɝɨɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɮɨɪɦ

ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɢ ɧɚɛɨɪɨɦ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ

ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ ɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɢɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɝɥɚ

ɝɨɥɚ ɢɧɮɢɧɢɬɢɜ ɢ ɞɜɚ ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɹ

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟ

ɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɦɢ

ξɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ ɥɢɰɚ-ɟ-ɟ ɢ-ɟ ɥɢɰɨ

ξɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɞɜɨɣɫɬ

ɜɟɧɧɨɟ

ξɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɬɟɪɢɬ ɬ ɟ ɩɪɨɲɟɞ ɲɟɟ

ξɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɢɜ ɨɩɬɚɬɢɜ ɢ ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜ

ξɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ ɡɚɥɨɝɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɥɨɝ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɨɩɚɫɫɢɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɦɟɥ ɥɢɲɶ ɨɞɧɭ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɟ ɞɚɜɚɥ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɬɬɟɧɤɢ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚ

ξɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ ɜɢɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɟ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɝɨɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ

± ɧɟɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɱɬɨɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɨ ɫɜɨɟɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɜɫɚɦɨɦ ɤɨɪɧɟ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚ

24

ξ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ± ɧɟɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɝɨɬɫɤɨɦ ɝɥɚ ɝɨɥɵɫɬɚɤɧɚɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɩɪɹɦɨɝɨɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɜɨɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɜɟɥɢ ɫɟɛɹ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɜɲɢɟ ɜɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɚɞɟɠɨɦ ɫɦ ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ

Ʉɢɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɦ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɥɫɹ ɢɧɮɢɧɢɬɢɜ ɢ ɞɜɚ ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɂɧɮɢɧɢɬɢɜ ɧɟ ɡɧɚɥ ɧɢ ɜɢɞɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɢ ɡɚɥɨ ɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɉɨ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɝɟɪ ɦɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɮɢɧɢɬɢɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɥ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢɦɹ ɱɟɦ ɢ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹ ɟɬɫɹɟɝɨɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ

ɉɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɝɨɬɫɤɨɦ ɨɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ-nd-ɉɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɬ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ ɢɦɟɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ-ɚn-ɚ ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɬ ɫɥɚɛɵɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ ± ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ- -ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɝɨɬɫɤɢɟ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɵ ɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɟɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ qiman, usgaggan, garinnan, wair an, frawair an, galeikan, diwan.

ɉɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɩɨ ɪɨɞɚɦ ɢ ɱɢɫɥɚɦ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɤɥɨ

ɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɢɦ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵ

ɡɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɜɢɞɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɉɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ

ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɟ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɚɫɫɢɜ

ɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɥɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɥɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɥɢɲɶ

ɭ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɨɫɶɦɢ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨ

25

ɝɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɢɝɪɚɥɢ

ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬ

Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɟɪɬɨɣ ɝɨɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɪɨɞɧɢɬ ɟɝɨ

ɫɫɟɜɟɪɨɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɢɦɢɹɡɵɤɚɦɢɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟ

ɫɤɢɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɧɟɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ

ɋɪ.: ɝɨɬ. standan, ganga, ɞɢɫɥ. standa, ganga.

ɞɜɧstan, gan, tuon.

Ɇɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ ɜ ɝɨɬɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɬɶ

ξɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ

ξɫɥɚɛɵɟ

ξɩɪɟɬɟɪɢɬɨ-ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɧɵɟ

ξɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɵ Ɉɛɳɢɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɦɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ

ɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɬɟɪɢɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɱɟɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɥɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɧɹ ɩɨ

ɚɛɥɚɭɬɭ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɫɭɮ

ɮɢɤɫɚ-n-.

ȼɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ

ɨɬ ɧɟɫɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɝɚ ɢ ɱɟɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ

ɝɥɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɤɨɪɧɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚ

ɢɧɮɢɧɢɬɢɜ ± ɩɪɨɲ ɜɪ ɟɞ ɱ ± ɩɪɨɲ ɜɪ ɦɧ ɱ ± ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɟ

ɜɬɨɪɨɟ

26

ɉɟɪɜɵɟɩɹɬɶɤɥɚɫɫɨɜɝɨɬɫɤɢɣɫɢɥɶɧɵɯɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜɜɰɟɥɨɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ ɚɛɥɚɭɬɚ Ɵ ± ă ± ɧɭɥɶ

ɝɨɬɫɤɨɟi ± ă ± ɧɭɥɶ:

Iɝɥɚɫ ɜ ɤɨɪɧɟ ɧɟɫɥɨɝi: reisan ± rais ± risum ± risans ɜɫɬɚ ɜɚɬɶ

IIɝɥɚɫ ɜ ɤɨɪɧɟ ɧɟɫɥɨɝu: kiusan ± kaus ± kusum ± kusans

ɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɬɶ

III ɝɥɚɫ ɜ ɤɨɪɧɟ ɫɨɧɨɪ + ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ: bindan ± band ± bundum ± bundans (ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɬɶ);

IV. ɝɥɚɫ. ɜ ɤɨɪɧɟ + ɫɨɧɨɪ.: niman ± nam ± QƝPXP ± numans (ɛɪɚɬɶ);

Vɝɥɚɫ ɜ ɤɨɪɧɟ ɲɭɦɧɵɣ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɣqithan ± qath ± qƝthum

± qithans ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ

ɒɟɫɬɨɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɨɬɫɤɢɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ ɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɛɥɚɭɬɚ

ă ± ǀ:

VI. faran ± IǀU ± IǀUXP ± farans (ɟɯɚɬɶ).

Ɉɫɨɛɵɣɤɥɚɫɫɫɢɥɶɧɵɯɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧ ɬɨɥɶɤɨɞɥɹ ɝɨɬɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɬɚɤɧɚɡ ɪɟɞɭɩɥɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɟɝɥɚɝɨɥɵ ɫɟɞɶɦɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɛɟɡ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɚɛɥɚɭɬɨɦ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɝɥɚ ɝɨɥɨɜ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɭɬɺɦ ɪɟɞɭɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɭɞɜɨɟ ɧɢɹɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɝɨɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɨɪɧɹɤɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣai [ȑ@ ɂɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɱɟɬɚ ɧɢɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯsk, st:

27

VIIɊɟɞɭɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɝɚ ɝɥɚɫai [ȑ] haitan ± haihait ± haihaitum ± haitans ɧɚɡɵɜɚɬɶȿɫɥɢ ɝɥɚɝɨɥ ɧɚɱɢ ɧɚɥɫɹ ɫ ɝɥɚɫɧɨɝɨ ± ɤ ɤɨɪɧɸ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ >ȑ] ɫɦ ɉɪɢ ɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ.

ȼ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨ- ɢ ɫɟɜɟɪɨɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɵVII

ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɨɞɢɧɚɤoɜɨɣ ɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɤɨɣ ɜ ɧɚɫɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ

ɋɪ.: ɞɚ. feallan ± feoll ± feollon ±feallen (ɩɚɞɚɬɶ),

ɞɜɧ. loufen ± liof ± liofum ± giloufan (ɛɟɠɚɬɶ).

Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɜɨɟɦɭɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸɫɥɚɛɵɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɨɪɦ ɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɞɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɚ - -

ɢɥɢ -ÿ-.

ɉɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɚ ɧɟɹɫɧɨ ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬ ɫɭɮɮɢɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɝɟɪɦ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚdǀn ɢ-ɟdhƝ- / dhǀ-ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɹɡɵ ɤɚɯ ɪɭɧdedun ɞɫdƗdun ɞɜɧtƗtum (ɞɟɥɚɥɢ). Ⱥ ɫɭɮɮɢɤɫ-t-

ɢɥɢ - - ɜ ɩɪɟɬɟɪɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɝɨɬɫɤɢɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ ɜɨɡɜɨ ɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɢ-ɟ-tɨ- ɫɪ ɥɚɬ ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɟdelƝtus - ɪɚɡɪɭ ɲɟɧɧɵɣ).

ɉɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɦ ɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɚɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɫɥɚɛɵɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ ɫɦ ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ:

28

Ɍɨɥɶɤɨɜɝɨɬɢɞɫɤɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɫɨɛɚɹɝɪɭɩɩɚɜɝɨɬ±

ɨɫɨɛɵɣ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɵɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɫɥɚɛɵɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ ɧɚ -na- ɧɟɩɟɪɟ

ɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɵ ɦɟɞɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ

ɝɨɬfullnanɞɢɫɥfullna.

29

ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɝɨɬɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ

Ƚɥɚɫɧɵɟ

Ȼɭɤɜɚɚ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɤɚɤ ɤɪɚɬɤɢɣ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɨɥɝɢɣ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ ɇɨ ɞɨɥɝɨɟƗɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɝɨɬɫɤɨɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɨɜɚɯ ɩɟɪɟɞh:

ɝɨɬ ahta ɞɭɦɚɥ, fahan ɥɨɜɢɬɶ ɯɜɚɬɚɬɶ.

Ȼɭɤɜɚi ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɥɚɫɶ ɤɪɚɬɤɨ:

ɝɨɬfisks ɪɵɛɚ, kuni ɪɨɞ

Ȼɭɤɜɚu ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɤɚɤ ɤɪɚɬɤɢɣ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɨɥɝɢɣ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ ɋɪ ɝɨɬjuk ɹɪɦɨ, sunu ɫɵɧɚ ± ɜɢɧ ɩ ɟɞ ɱ ɢ ɝɨɬ njhta

ɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ, hnjs ɞɨɦ

Ȼɭɤɜɵe ɢ o ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɥɢ ɞɨɥɝɢɟ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ ɝɨɬjer ɝɨɞ, nemun ɜɡɹɥɢ, for ɟɯɚɥ, ogan ɛɨɹɬɶɫɹ

Ⱦɢɝɪɚɮei ɞɢɝɪɚɮ ɜɜɟɞɟɧ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɝɪɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɮɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɥ ɞɨɥɝɢɣ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ >i:]:

ɝɨɬeisarn ɠɟɥɟɡɨseine ɫɜɨɣal eis ɫɬɚɪɵɣ.

Ⱦɢɝɪɚɮai ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɥɫɹ ɤɚɤ [@ ɚ ɞɢɝɪɚɮ au ɤɚɤ > @ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɦɢr, h, ڝ:

ɝɨɬhairto ɫɟɪɞɰɟ, saiσan ɜɟɞɟɬɶ, sauhts ɛɨɥɟɡɧɶ.

Ⱦɢɝɪɚɮai ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɥɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɧɨɮɬɨɧɝ > @ ɜ ɪɟɞɭɩɥɢɰɢ ɪɭɸɳɟɦ ɫɥɨɝɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɨɬɫɤɢɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ

30