PastPerfectContinious(прошлое совершенное продолженное) Указатели времени

abide [a'baid]

abode [э'boud] abided [э'baidid]

abode [э'boud] abided

пребывать; держать

arise [a'raiz]

arose [a'rouz]

arisen [s'rizn]

подняться; возникнуть

awake [a'weik]

awoke [a'wouk]

awaked [s'weiki]

будить; проснуться

be [bi:]

was [woz], were [wэ:]

been [bi:n]

быть

bear [Ъсэ]

bore [bo:]

born [Ьo:n]

нести; родить

beat [bi:i]

beat [bi:t]

beaten ['bi:tn|

бить

become [Ьi'к m]

became [bi'keim]

become [Ьi'к m]

стать, сделаться

befall [Ьifo:1]

befell [bi'fel]

befallen [bi'fblэn]

случиться

begin [bi'gin]

began [Ьi’gэn]

begun [bi'g n]

начать

bend (bend]

bent [bэnt]

bent [bэnt]

согнуть(ся)

beseech [bi'si:t ]

besought [bi'so:t]

besought (bi' so:t]

умолять, упрашивать

bade [beid]

bid [bid] bid [bid]

bidden [bid(n)]

предлагать цену

bind [baind]

bound [bаund]

bound [baund]

cвязать; задерживать

bite [bait]

bit [bit]

bitten (bitn)

кусать(ся)

bleed [bli:d]

bled [bled]

bled [bled]

кровоточить

blow [blou]

blew[blu:]

blown [bloun]

дуть

break [breik]

broke [brouk]

broken [broukn]

(с)ломать

breed [bri:d]

bred [bred]

bred [bred]

выращивать

bring [bri ]

brought [bro:t]

brou ght (br o::t)

приносить

build [bi:ld]

built [bilt]

built [bilt]

строить

burn [Ьэ:n]

burnt [bэ:nt]

burnt (bэ:nt)

жечь, гореть

burst [bэ:sf]

burst [bэ:st]

burst (bэ;st]

разразиться; изорваться

buy [bai]

bought [Ьo:t]

bought [Ьo:t]

купить

cast [ka:st]

cast [ka:st]

cast [ka:st]

кинуть; лить (металл)

catch [k t ]

caught [кo:t]

caught (ko:t)

ловить, поймать

choose [t u::z]

chose [t ouz ]

chosen [t ousn]

выбрать

cleave [kli:v)

clove [klouv] cleft [kleft]

cloven [klouvn] cleft [kleft]

рассечь

cling [klin]

clung [kl n]

clung [кl. n)

цепляться, льнуть

come[к m]

came [keim]

come [к m]

приходить

cost [kost]

cost (kost)

cost [kost]

стоить

creep [kri:p]

crept [krept]

crept [krept]

ползти

cut [k t ]

cut (kut)

cut [к t]

резать

dare [dea]

durst [dэ:st] dared [dead]

dared [dead]

cметь; осмеливаться

dig [dig]

dug [d g]

dug [d g]

копать

do [du:]

did [did]

done [d n]

делать

draw [dro:]

drew [dru:]

drawn[dro:n]

тащить; рисовать

dream [dri:m]

dreamt [dremt] dreamed [dri:md]

dreamt [dremt] dreamed [dri:md)

грезить, мечтать

drink [drink]

drank [dr nk]

drunk [dr nk]

пить, выпивать

drive [draiv]

drove [drouv]

driven [drivn]

гнать, ехать

eat [i:t]

Ate [et]

eaten [i:tn]

кушать, есть

fall (fo:l)

Fell [fel]

fallen [fo:ln]

падать

feed [fid]

Fed [fed]

fed [fed]

кормить

feel [fi:l]

felt [felt]

felt [felt]

чувствовать

fight (fait)

fought (fo:t)

fought (fo:t)

сражаться

find [faind]

found [faund]

found [faund]

находить

ly [flai]

flew [flu:]

flown [floun]

летать

forbid [fэ'bid]

forbade [fэ'beid]

forbidden (fэ'bidn]

запретить

forget [fэ’get]

forgot [fэ’got]

forgotten [fэ’gotn]

забыть

forgive [fэ'giv]

forgave [fэ’geiv]

forgiven [fэ'givn]

простить

freeze (fri:z]

froze [frouz]

frozen [f'rouzn]

замерзнуть; замораживать

get [get]

got (got) ]

got [got)

получить

give (giv)

gave [geiv]

given [givn]

дать

go [gou]

went [went]

gone [gon]

идти, ходить

grow [cjtoli]

grew [grin]

grown [дгопп]

расти

hang [he ]

hung (h ) hanged [he d]

hung (h ) hanged [he d ]

висеть; повесить

have [h v]

had [h d]

had [h d]

иметь

hear [hieэ]

heard [hэ:d]

heard [hэ:d)

слышать

hew [hju:]

hewed [hju:d]

hewed

рубить, тесать

hide [haid]

hid [hid]

hidden [hidn]

прятать (ся)

hit [hit]

hit (hit)

hit [hit]

ударить; попасть

hold [hould]

held [held]

held [held]

держать

hurt [hэ:t]

hurt [hэ:t]

hurt [ hэ:t]

причинять боль

keep [ki:p]

kept [kept]

kept [kept]

хранить; держать

kneel [ni:l]

knelt [nelt]

knell [nelt]

становиться на колени;

knit [nit]

knit [nit]

knit(ted) [nit(id)]

вязать

know [nou]

knew [nju:]

known [noun]

знать

lay [lei]

laid [leid]

Laid (leid)

класть; положить

lead [li;d]

led [led]

led [led]

вести

lean [li:n]

leaned (li:nd)

lent [lent]

опереться, прислониться

learn [lэ:n]

learnt (lэ:nt) learned (lэ:nd)

learnt(ed) (lэ:nt) (d)

учить (что-либо)

leave [li:v)

left [left]

left [left]

оставить; покинуть

lend [lend]

lent [lent]

lent [lent]

одолжить

let [let]

let [let]

let [let]

пустить: позволять

lie [lai)

lay [lei]

lain [lein] ' '

лежать

light (lait]

lit [lit]

lit [lit]

осветить

lose [lu:z]

lost [lost]

lost (lost]

терять

make [meik]

made [meid]

made [meid]

делать

mean [mi:n]

meant [ment]

meant [ment]

подразумевать; иметь ввиду

meet [mi:t]

met [met]

met [met]

встретить

mishear [mis'hia]

misheard [mis'li3;d]

misheard [mis'hsid]

ослышаться

mislead (mis'li:d)

misled [mis'led]

misled [mis'led]

ввести и заблуждение

mistake [mis'teik]

mistook [mis'tu:k]

mistaken [mis't'aikan]

неправильно понимать

mow [mou]

mowed [moud]

mown [moun]

косить

pay [pei]

paid [peid]

paid [paid]

платить

put [put]

put [put]

put [put|

класть

read [ri:d]

read [red]

read [red]

читать

rebuild [ri'bi:ld]

rebuilt [ri'bi:lt]

rebuilt (ri'bi:lt]

перестроить

ride [raid]

rode [roud]

ridden [ridn]

ехать верхом

ring (ri ]

rang {r ]

rung [r ]

звонить

rise [raiz]

rose [rouz]

risen [rizn]

подняться

run [r n]

ran [r n|

run [r n]

бегать

say [sei]

said (sed)

said [sed]

говорить, сказать

see [si:]

saw [so: )

seen [si:n|

видеть

seech [si:t ]

sought (so:t)

sought (so:t)

искать

sell [sel]

sold [sould]

sold (sould)

продавать

send [send]

sent [sent]

sent [sent)

посылать

set[set]

set [set]

set (set)

помещать: класть

Sew [sou]

sewed [soud]

sewn(soun)

шить

shake [ eik]

shook [ u:k]

shaken [ eikn]

трясти

shave [ eiv]

shaved [ eivd]

shaven ( eivn)

бриться

Take [teik]

took [tuk]

taken (teikn)

брать

teach (ti:t )

taught (to:t)

taught (to:t)

учить (кого-либо)

tear [tiэ]

tore (to:)

torn (to:n)

рвать

Tell [tel]

told [tould]

told [tould]

рассказать, сказать

think [ I k]

thought [ o:t]

thought [ o:t]

думать

throw ( rou]

threw [ ru:]

thrown [ roun]

бросать

understand [.vnda'stiend]

understood [ ndэ'stu:d]

understood [.uidj'siud]

понимать

undertake

undertook

undertaken

предпринять

upset [‘pset]

upset [ ‘pset]

upset [ p'set]

опрокинуть

wake (weik)

woke [wouk]

woken (woukn) waked [wt'iki]

просыпаться; будить

wear [wea]

wore [wo:]

worn [wain]

носить (одежду)

weave [wi:v]

wove [wouv]

woven [wouvn]

ткать

weep [wi:p]

wept (wept)

wept [wept]

плакать

win [win]

won [w n]

won [w n]

выиграть

wind [waind)

wound [waund]

wound [waund]

заводить (.механизм)

write [rait]

wrote [rout)

written [ritn]

писать

can

1. умение, способность, возможность

2. просьба в вежливой форме в прошедшем времени,

3. в вопр. предложениях в Pr.Indefinite перевод предложения начинается со слова « Неужели»

You can do it.

You can’t have done it.

Can it be truth?

You could do it.

You will be able to do it.

may

1. разрешение

2. предположение с сомнением

3. форма Past Indefinite используется в косвенной речи, а также для выражения укора

We may do it. We may have done it.

We might do it.

We will be allowed to do it.

must

1.обязанность, долженствование

2. вероятность совершения действия

We must do it. We must have done it.

We had to do it.

We will have to do it.

shall

намерение, предположение

Shall I read it? Shall I do it?

ought to

моральный долг, настоятельный совет, строгая рекомендация

You ought to write this letter. You ought to have written this letter.

need

отсутствие необходимости, необязательность

Need he work so late? We need not have hurried.

dare

сметь, посметь (в вопросе и отрицании: не сметь), дерзнуть, осмелиться

How dare you speak to me? He dare not tell it to me

used to

бывало (обозначает повторявшееся в прошлом действие)

He used to live in Paris. Did he?

should

обязанность (менее сильная, чем must), совет, рекомендация, упрек, порицание, сожаление

He should not smoke so much. You should not cut your hair.

would

желание (с глаг. like), вежливая просьба

Would you like to come again?

He should not smoke so much. You should not cut your hair.

have to

вынужденность, обязанность в силу обстоятельств

I have to read this book

I had to read this book yesterday

I'll have to read this book tomorrow

be to

долженствование в силу договоренности или плана

I am to study English

I was to study English

I'll be to study English