- •Chapter 1. Introduction
- •How to Develop A Program
- •What is an Assembler?
- •Modular Programming
- •Modular Program Development Process
- •Segments, Modules, and Programs
- •Translate and Link Process
- •Filename Extensions
- •Program Template File
- •Chapter 2. Architecture Overview
- •Memory Classes and Memory Layout
- •Classic 8051
- •Extended 8051 Variants
- •Philips 80C51MX
- •Intel/Atmel WM 251
- •CPU Registers
- •CPU Registers of the 8051 Variants
- •CPU Registers of the Intel/Atmel WM 251
- •Program Status Word (PSW)
- •Instruction Sets
- •Opcode Map
- •8051 Instructions
- •Additional 251 Instructions
- •Additional 80C51MX Instructions via Prefix A5
- •Chapter 3. Writing Assembly Programs
- •Assembly Statements
- •Directives
- •Controls
- •Instructions
- •Comments
- •Symbols
- •Symbol Names
- •Labels
- •Operands
- •Special Assembler Symbols
- •Immediate Data
- •Memory Access
- •Program Addresses
- •Expressions and Operators
- •Numbers
- •Characters
- •Character Strings
- •Location Counter
- •Operators
- •Expressions
- •Chapter 4. Assembler Directives
- •Introduction
- •Segment Directives
- •Location Counter
- •Generic Segments
- •Stack Segment
- •Absolute Segments
- •Default Segment
- •SEGMENT
- •RSEG
- •BSEG, CSEG, DSEG, ISEG, XSEG
- •Symbol Definition
- •CODE, DATA, IDATA, XDATA
- •esfr, sfr, sfr16, sbit
- •LIT (AX51 & A251 only)
- •Memory Initialization
- •DD (AX51 & A251 only)
- •Reserving Memory
- •DBIT
- •DSW (AX51 & A251 only)
- •DSD (AX51 & A251 only)
- •Procedure Declaration (AX51 & A251 only)
- •PROC / ENDP (AX51 & A251 only)
- •LABEL (AX51 and A251 only)
- •Program Linkage
- •PUBLIC
- •EXTRN / EXTERN
- •NAME
- •Address Control
- •EVEN (AX51 and A251 only)
- •USING
- •Other Directives
- •_ _ERROR_ _
- •Chapter 5. Assembler Macros
- •Standard Macro Directives
- •Defining a Macro
- •Parameters
- •Labels
- •Repeating Blocks
- •REPT
- •IRPC
- •Nested Definitions
- •Nested Repeating Blocks
- •Recursive Macros
- •Operators
- •NUL Operator
- •& Operator
- •< and > Operators
- •% Operator
- •;; Operator
- •! Operator
- •Invoking a Macro
- •C Macros
- •C Macro Preprocessor Directives
- •Stringize Operator
- •Predefined C Macro Constants
- •Examples with C Macros
- •C Preprocessor Side Effects
- •Chapter 6. Macro Processing Language
- •Overview
- •Creating and Calling MPL Macros
- •Creating Parameterless Macros
- •MPL Macros with Parameters
- •Local Symbols List
- •Macro Processor Language Functions
- •Comment Function
- •Escape Function
- •Bracket Function
- •METACHAR Function
- •Numbers and Expressions
- •Numbers
- •Character Strings
- •SET Function
- •EVAL Function
- •Logical Expressions and String Comparison
- •Conditional MPL Processing
- •IF Function
- •WHILE Function
- •REPEAT Function
- •EXIT Function
- •String Manipulation Functions
- •LEN Function
- •SUBSTR Function
- •MATCH Function
- •Console I/O Functions
- •Advanced Macro Processing
- •Literal Delimiters
- •Blank Delimiters
- •Identifier Delimiters
- •Literal and Normal Mode
- •MACRO Errors
- •Chapter 7. Invocation and Controls
- •Environment Settings
- •Running Ax51
- •ERRORLEVEL
- •Output Files
- •Assembler Controls
- •Controls for Conditional Assembly
- •Conditional Assembly Controls
- •Chapter 8. Error Messages
- •Fatal Errors
- •Non–Fatal Errors
- •Chapter 9. Linker/Locator
- •Overview
- •Combining Program Modules
- •Segment Naming Conventions
- •Combining Segments
- •Locating Segments
- •Overlaying Data Memory
- •Resolving External References
- •Absolute Address Calculation
- •Generating an Absolute Object File
- •Generating a Listing File
- •Bank Switching
- •Using RTX51, RTX251, and RTX51 Tiny
- •Linking Programs
- •Command Line Examples
- •Control Linker Input with µVision2
- •ERRORLEVEL
- •Output File
- •Linker/Locater Controls
- •Locating Programs to Physical Memory
- •Classic 8051
- •Extended 8051 Variants
- •Philips 80C51MX
- •Intel/Atmel WM 251
- •Data Overlaying
- •Program and Data Segments of Functions
- •Using the Overlay Control
- •Tips and Tricks for Program Locating
- •Locate Segments with Wildcards
- •Special ROM Handling (LX51 & L251 only)
- •Bank Switching
- •Common Code Area
- •Code Bank Areas
- •Bank Switching Configuration
- •Configuration Examples
- •Control Summary
- •Listing File Controls
- •Output File Controls
- •Segment and Memory Location Controls
- •High-Level Language Controls
- •Error Messages
- •Warnings
- •Non-Fatal Errors
- •Fatal Errors
- •Exceptions
- •Chapter 10. Library Manager
- •Using LIBx51
- •Interactive Mode
- •Create Library within µVision2
- •Command Summary
- •Creating a Library
- •Adding or Replacing Object Modules
- •Removing Object Modules
- •Extracting Object Modules
- •Listing Library Contents
- •Error Messages
- •Fatal Errors
- •Errors
- •Chapter 11. Object-Hex Converter
- •Using OHx51
- •OHx51 Command Line Examples
- •Creating HEX Files for Banked Applications
- •OHx51 Error Messages
- •Using OC51
- •OC51 Error Messages
- •Intel HEX File Format
- •Record Format
- •Data Record
- •Extended 8086 Segment Record
- •Extended Linear Address Record
- •Example Intel HEX File
- •Appendix A. Application Examples
- •ASM – Assembler Example
- •Using A51 and BL51
- •Using AX51 and LX51
- •Using A251 and L251
- •CSAMPLE – C Compiler Example
- •Using C51 and BL51
- •Using C51 and LX51
- •Using C251 and L251
- •BANK_EX1 – Code Banking with C51
- •Using C51 and BL51
- •Using C51 and LX51
- •BANK_EX2 – Banking with Constants
- •Using C51 and BL51
- •Using C51 and LX51
- •Using BL51
- •Using C51 and LX51
- •Philips 80C51MX – Assembler Example
- •Philips 80C51MX – C Compiler Example
- •Appendix B. Reserved Symbols
- •Appendix C. Listing File Format
- •Assembler Listing File Format
- •Listing File Heading
- •Source Listing
- •Macro / Include File / Save Stack Format
- •Symbol Table
- •Listing File Trailer
- •Appendix D. Assembler Differences
- •Differences Between A51 and A251/AX51
- •Differences between A51 and ASM51
- •Differences between A251/AX51 & ASM51
- •Glossary
- •Index
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101SEGMENT COMBINATION ERROR SEGMENT: segment-name
MODULE: filename (modulename)
The attributes of the specified partial segment in the specified module cannot be combined with the attributes of the previous defined partial segments of the same name. The partial segment is ignored.
102EXTERNAL ATTRIBUTE MISMATCH SYMBOL: external-name
MODULE: filename (modulename)
The attributes of the specified external symbol in the specified module do not match the attributes of the previously defined external symbols. The specified symbol is ignored.
103EXTERNAL ATTRIBUTE DO NOT MATCH PUBLIC SYMBOL: public-name
MODULE: filename (modulename)
The attributes of the specified public symbols in the specified module do not match the attributes of the previous defined external symbols. The specified symbol is ignored.
104MULTIPLE PUBLIC DEFINITIONS SYMBOL: public-name
MODULE: filename (modulename)
The specified public symbol in the specified module has already been defined in a previously processed file.
105PUBLIC REFERS TO IGNORED SEGMENT SYMBOL: public-name
SEGMENT: segment-name
The specified public symbol is defined in the specified segment. It cannot be processed on account of an error. The public symbol is therefore ignored.
106SEGMENT OVERFLOW
SEGMENT: segment-name
The specified segment is longer than the limits implied by the memory class to which the segment belongs to.
107ADDRESS SPACE OVERFLOW SPACE: space-name
SEGMENT: segment-name
The specified segment cannot be located at the specified address space. The segment is ignored.
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SEGMENT IN LOCATING CONTROL CANNOT BE ALLOCATED |
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SEGMENT: segment-name |
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The specified segment in the invocation line cannot be processed on account of its |
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109EMPTY RELOCATABLE SEGMENT
SEGMENT: segment-name
The specified segment after combination has a zero size. The specified segment is ignored.
110CANNOT FIND SEGMENT
SEGMENT: segment-name
The specified segment is contained in the invocation line but cannot be found in an input module. The specified segment is ignored.
111SPECIFIED BIT ADDRESS NOT ON BYTE BOUNDARY
SEGMENT: segment-name
The specified segment contained in the BIT control is a DATA segment. The specified BIT address however is not on a byte boundary. The segment is ignored.
112SEGMENT TYPE NOT LEGAL FOR COMMAND
SEGMENT: segment-name
The specified segment cannot be processed because it does not have a legal type.
113SEGMENT IN LOCATING CONTROL IS ALREADY ABSOLUTE
SEGMENT: segment-name
The specified segment is already an absolute segment and cannot be located with the SEGMENTS control.
114SEGMENT DOES NOT FIT SPACE: space-name SEGMENT: segment-name BASE: base-address
LENGTH: segment-length
The specified segment cannot be located at the base address in the specified address space because of its length. The segment is ignored.
115INPAGE SEGMENT IS GREATER THAN 256 BYTES
SEGMENT: segment-name
The specified segment with the attributes PAGE or INPAGE is greater than 256 bytes. The segment is ignored.
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SEGMENT: segment-name |
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The specified segment with the attribute INBLOCK is greater than 2048 bytes. |
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The segment is ignored. |
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117BIT ADDRESSABLE SEGMENT IS GREATER THAN 16 BYTES
SEGMENT: segment-name
The specified bit or data segment that was declared with the BITADDRESSABLE attribute is larger than 16 bytes. The segment is not ignored.
118REFERENCE MADE TO ERRONEOUS EXTERNAL SYMBOL: symbol-name
MODULE: filename (modulename)
ADDRESS: code-address
The specified external symbol that was erroneously processed, is referenced in the specified code address.
119REFERENCE MADE TO ERRONEOUS SEGMENT SEGMENT: symbol-name
MODULE: filename (modulename)
ADDRESS: code-address
The specified segment processed with an error, is referenced in the specified code address.
120CONTENT BELONGS TO ERRONEOUS SEGMENT SEGMENT: segment-name
MODULE: filename (modulename)
A specified segment that was erroneously processed, is referenced at a specific code address. The segment contents are not available.
121IMPROPER FIXUP
MODULE: filename (modulename) SEGMENT: segment-name
OFFSET: segment-address
After evaluation of absolute fix-ups, an address is not accessible. The improper address along with the specific module name, partial segment, and segment address are displayed. The fix-up command is not processed.
This error occurs when an instruction cannot reach the address, i.e. ACALL instruction calls a location outside the 2KB block. If you are working with the Cx51 compiler, you have typically selected the ROM(SMALL) option for a program that exceeds the 2KB ROM size. You can locate the instruction, when you open the LST file of the translator and search for the instruction that is located in the offset of the specified segment.
122CANNOT FIND MODULE
MODULE: filename (modulename)
The module specified in the invocation line cannot be found in the input file.
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permissible due to a conflict with the value specified with the RAMSIZE control. |
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The absolute segment cannot be located in the area, which was output. |
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124BANK SWITCH MODULE INCORRECT
This error message is issued when the bank switch module file (L51_BANK.OBJ) contains invalid information or is not specified.
125DUPLICATE TASK NUMBER TASK1: function name TASK2: function name TASKID: task-id
A task number has been assigned to more than one RTXx51 task function.
126TASK WITH PRIORITY 3 CANNOT WORK WITH REGISTERBANK 0 TASK: function name
TASKID: task-id
A task that has priority 3 must have a using attribute that refers to register bank 1, 2, or 3.
127UNRESOLVED EXTERNAL SYMBOL SYMBOL: external-name
MODULE: filename (modulename)
The specified external symbol, requested in the specified module, has no corresponding PUBLIC symbol in any of the input files.
128REFERENCE MADE TO UNRESOLVED EXTERNAL SYMBOL: external-name
MODULE: filename (modulename)
ADDRESS: code-address
The specified unresolved external symbol is referenced at the specified code address.
129TASK REQUIRES REGISTERBANK TASK: function name
TASKID: task-id
The task function requires that you assign a register bank with an using attribute.
130NO MATCHING SEGMENT FOR WILDCARD SEGMENT NAME
SEGMENT: segment-name
The linker could not find a segment name that matches the wildcard segment name stated in the command line.
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ILLEGAL PRIORITY FOR TASK |
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support priorities. |
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132ILLEGAL TASKID: RTX-51 TINY SUPPORTS ONLY 16 TASKS TASK: function name
TASKID: task-id
You have assigned a task-id that is higher than 15. RTX51 Tiny tasks supports only 16 tasks.
133SFR SYMBOL HAS DIFFERENT VALUES SYMBOL: public-name
MODULE: filename (modulename)
The specified SFR symbol is defined with different values in several input modules.
134ADDRESS SPACE OVERFLOW IN BANKAREA SPACE: space-name
SEGMENT: segment-name
The specified segment cannot be located in the banked area, since the banked area is already full.