- •Chapter 1. Introduction
- •How to Develop A Program
- •What is an Assembler?
- •Modular Programming
- •Modular Program Development Process
- •Segments, Modules, and Programs
- •Translate and Link Process
- •Filename Extensions
- •Program Template File
- •Chapter 2. Architecture Overview
- •Memory Classes and Memory Layout
- •Classic 8051
- •Extended 8051 Variants
- •Philips 80C51MX
- •Intel/Atmel WM 251
- •CPU Registers
- •CPU Registers of the 8051 Variants
- •CPU Registers of the Intel/Atmel WM 251
- •Program Status Word (PSW)
- •Instruction Sets
- •Opcode Map
- •8051 Instructions
- •Additional 251 Instructions
- •Additional 80C51MX Instructions via Prefix A5
- •Chapter 3. Writing Assembly Programs
- •Assembly Statements
- •Directives
- •Controls
- •Instructions
- •Comments
- •Symbols
- •Symbol Names
- •Labels
- •Operands
- •Special Assembler Symbols
- •Immediate Data
- •Memory Access
- •Program Addresses
- •Expressions and Operators
- •Numbers
- •Characters
- •Character Strings
- •Location Counter
- •Operators
- •Expressions
- •Chapter 4. Assembler Directives
- •Introduction
- •Segment Directives
- •Location Counter
- •Generic Segments
- •Stack Segment
- •Absolute Segments
- •Default Segment
- •SEGMENT
- •RSEG
- •BSEG, CSEG, DSEG, ISEG, XSEG
- •Symbol Definition
- •CODE, DATA, IDATA, XDATA
- •esfr, sfr, sfr16, sbit
- •LIT (AX51 & A251 only)
- •Memory Initialization
- •DD (AX51 & A251 only)
- •Reserving Memory
- •DBIT
- •DSW (AX51 & A251 only)
- •DSD (AX51 & A251 only)
- •Procedure Declaration (AX51 & A251 only)
- •PROC / ENDP (AX51 & A251 only)
- •LABEL (AX51 and A251 only)
- •Program Linkage
- •PUBLIC
- •EXTRN / EXTERN
- •NAME
- •Address Control
- •EVEN (AX51 and A251 only)
- •USING
- •Other Directives
- •_ _ERROR_ _
- •Chapter 5. Assembler Macros
- •Standard Macro Directives
- •Defining a Macro
- •Parameters
- •Labels
- •Repeating Blocks
- •REPT
- •IRPC
- •Nested Definitions
- •Nested Repeating Blocks
- •Recursive Macros
- •Operators
- •NUL Operator
- •& Operator
- •< and > Operators
- •% Operator
- •;; Operator
- •! Operator
- •Invoking a Macro
- •C Macros
- •C Macro Preprocessor Directives
- •Stringize Operator
- •Predefined C Macro Constants
- •Examples with C Macros
- •C Preprocessor Side Effects
- •Chapter 6. Macro Processing Language
- •Overview
- •Creating and Calling MPL Macros
- •Creating Parameterless Macros
- •MPL Macros with Parameters
- •Local Symbols List
- •Macro Processor Language Functions
- •Comment Function
- •Escape Function
- •Bracket Function
- •METACHAR Function
- •Numbers and Expressions
- •Numbers
- •Character Strings
- •SET Function
- •EVAL Function
- •Logical Expressions and String Comparison
- •Conditional MPL Processing
- •IF Function
- •WHILE Function
- •REPEAT Function
- •EXIT Function
- •String Manipulation Functions
- •LEN Function
- •SUBSTR Function
- •MATCH Function
- •Console I/O Functions
- •Advanced Macro Processing
- •Literal Delimiters
- •Blank Delimiters
- •Identifier Delimiters
- •Literal and Normal Mode
- •MACRO Errors
- •Chapter 7. Invocation and Controls
- •Environment Settings
- •Running Ax51
- •ERRORLEVEL
- •Output Files
- •Assembler Controls
- •Controls for Conditional Assembly
- •Conditional Assembly Controls
- •Chapter 8. Error Messages
- •Fatal Errors
- •Non–Fatal Errors
- •Chapter 9. Linker/Locator
- •Overview
- •Combining Program Modules
- •Segment Naming Conventions
- •Combining Segments
- •Locating Segments
- •Overlaying Data Memory
- •Resolving External References
- •Absolute Address Calculation
- •Generating an Absolute Object File
- •Generating a Listing File
- •Bank Switching
- •Using RTX51, RTX251, and RTX51 Tiny
- •Linking Programs
- •Command Line Examples
- •Control Linker Input with µVision2
- •ERRORLEVEL
- •Output File
- •Linker/Locater Controls
- •Locating Programs to Physical Memory
- •Classic 8051
- •Extended 8051 Variants
- •Philips 80C51MX
- •Intel/Atmel WM 251
- •Data Overlaying
- •Program and Data Segments of Functions
- •Using the Overlay Control
- •Tips and Tricks for Program Locating
- •Locate Segments with Wildcards
- •Special ROM Handling (LX51 & L251 only)
- •Bank Switching
- •Common Code Area
- •Code Bank Areas
- •Bank Switching Configuration
- •Configuration Examples
- •Control Summary
- •Listing File Controls
- •Output File Controls
- •Segment and Memory Location Controls
- •High-Level Language Controls
- •Error Messages
- •Warnings
- •Non-Fatal Errors
- •Fatal Errors
- •Exceptions
- •Chapter 10. Library Manager
- •Using LIBx51
- •Interactive Mode
- •Create Library within µVision2
- •Command Summary
- •Creating a Library
- •Adding or Replacing Object Modules
- •Removing Object Modules
- •Extracting Object Modules
- •Listing Library Contents
- •Error Messages
- •Fatal Errors
- •Errors
- •Chapter 11. Object-Hex Converter
- •Using OHx51
- •OHx51 Command Line Examples
- •Creating HEX Files for Banked Applications
- •OHx51 Error Messages
- •Using OC51
- •OC51 Error Messages
- •Intel HEX File Format
- •Record Format
- •Data Record
- •Extended 8086 Segment Record
- •Extended Linear Address Record
- •Example Intel HEX File
- •Appendix A. Application Examples
- •ASM – Assembler Example
- •Using A51 and BL51
- •Using AX51 and LX51
- •Using A251 and L251
- •CSAMPLE – C Compiler Example
- •Using C51 and BL51
- •Using C51 and LX51
- •Using C251 and L251
- •BANK_EX1 – Code Banking with C51
- •Using C51 and BL51
- •Using C51 and LX51
- •BANK_EX2 – Banking with Constants
- •Using C51 and BL51
- •Using C51 and LX51
- •Using BL51
- •Using C51 and LX51
- •Philips 80C51MX – Assembler Example
- •Philips 80C51MX – C Compiler Example
- •Appendix B. Reserved Symbols
- •Appendix C. Listing File Format
- •Assembler Listing File Format
- •Listing File Heading
- •Source Listing
- •Macro / Include File / Save Stack Format
- •Symbol Table
- •Listing File Trailer
- •Appendix D. Assembler Differences
- •Differences Between A51 and A251/AX51
- •Differences between A51 and ASM51
- •Differences between A251/AX51 & ASM51
- •Glossary
- •Index
270 Chapter 9. Linker/Locator
9 |
Linker/Locater Controls |
Controls for the Lx51 linker/locater may be entered after the output file |
|
specification. Multiple controls must be separated by at least one space |
character ( ). Each control may be entered only once on the command line. If a control is entered twice, the Lx51 linker/locator reports an error.
The following table lists all Lx51 linker/locator controls and a brief description. The controls of the BL51 linker/locater are listed in the first table. The controls of the extended LX51 linker/locater and L251 linker/locater are listed in the second table. LX51 and L251 provide the same sets of controls.
The “Control Summary” on page 305 explains the command-line controls in detail. Refer to page number provided in the tables for quick reference to descriptions and examples for each control.
NOTE
Underlined characters denote the abbreviation for the particular control.
Keil Software — A51/AX51/A251 Macro Assembler and Utilities |
271 |
|
|
BL51 Controls
|
|
|
|
9 |
Controls |
Page |
Description |
|
|
BANKAREA |
332 |
Specifies the address range where the code banks are located. |
|
|
BANKx |
333 |
Specifies the start address and segments for code banks. |
|
|
|
||||
BIT |
334 |
Locates and orders BIT segments. |
|
|
CODE |
338 |
Locates and orders CODE segments. |
|
|
DATA |
339 |
Locates and orders DATA segments. |
|
|
DISABLEWARNING |
307 |
Disables specified warning messages. |
|
|
IBANKING |
323 |
Generate bank switch code for Infineon TV TEXT devices. |
|
|
IDATA |
340 |
Locates and orders IDATA segments. |
|
|
IXREF |
308 |
Includes a cross reference report in the listing file. |
|
|
NAME |
323 |
Specifies a module name for the object file. |
|
|
NOAJMP |
325 |
Generate bank switch code without AJMP instructions. |
|
|
NODEBUGLINES |
325 |
Excludes line number information from the object file. |
|
|
NODEBUGPUBLICS |
325 |
Excludes public symbol information from the object file. |
|
|
NODEBUGSYMBOLS 325 |
Excludes local symbol information from the object file. |
|
|
|
NODEFAULTLIBRARY 352 |
Excludes modules from the run-time libraries. |
|
|
|
NOINDIRECTCALL |
327 |
Do not generate bank switch code for indirectly called functions. |
|
|
NOJMPTAB |
328 |
Do not generate bank switch code. |
|
|
NOLINES |
310 |
Excludes line number information from the listing file. |
|
|
NOMAP |
311 |
Excludes memory map information from the listing file. |
|
|
NOOVERLAY |
353 |
Prevents overlaying or overlapping local bit and data segments. |
|
|
NOPRINT |
315 |
Disables generation of a listing file. |
|
|
NOPUBLICS |
312 |
Excludes public symbol information from the listing file. |
|
|
NOSORTSIZE |
341 |
Disable size sorting for segments before allocating the memory. |
|
|
NOSYMBOLS |
313 |
Excludes local symbol information from the listing file. |
|
|
OVERLAY |
354 |
Modifies call tree for data overlaying of local data & bit segments. |
|
|
PAGELENGTH |
314 |
Sets maximum number of lines in each page of listing file. |
|
|
PAGEWIDTH |
314 |
Sets maximum number of characters in each line of listing file. |
|
|
PDATA |
341 |
Specifies the starting address for PDATA segments. |
|
|
PRECEDE |
343 |
Locates segments that precede others in the DATA memory. |
|
|
315 |
Specifies the name of the listing file. |
|
|
|
RAMSIZE |
344 |
Specifies the size of the on-chip data memory. |
|
|
RECURSIONS |
356 |
Allows analyze of the call tree of complex recursive applications. |
|
|
REGFILE |
356 |
Specifies the register usage information file generated by Lx51. |
|
|
RTX51 |
358 |
Includes support for the RTX-51 full real-time kernel. |
|
|
RTX51TINY |
358 |
Includes support for the RTX-51 tiny real-time kernel. |
|
|
SPEEDOVL |
359 |
Ignore during overlay analysis references from constant segments. |
|
|
STACK |
349 |
Locates and orders STACK segments. |
|
|
XDATA |
350 |
Locates and orders XDATA segments. |
|
|
272 Chapter 9. Linker/Locator
LX51 and L251 Controls
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Controls |
Page |
Description |
|
|
|
ASSIGN |
322 |
Defines public symbols on the command line. |
|
|
|
|
BANKAREA |
332 |
Specifies the address range where the code banks are located. |
|
|
|
||||
|
|
CLASSES |
336 |
Specifies a physical address range for segments in a memory |
|
|
|
|
|
class. |
|
|
|
DISABLEWARNING |
307 |
Disables specified warning messages. |
|
|
|
IXREF |
308 |
Includes a cross reference report in the listing file. |
|
|
|
NAME |
323 |
Specifies a module name for the object file. |
|
|
|
NOAJMP |
325 |
Generate bank switch code without AJMP instructions. |
|
|
|
NOCOMMENTS |
309 |
Excludes comment information from listing file and the object file. |
|
|
|
NODEFAULTLIBRARY 352 |
Excludes modules from the run-time libraries. |
|
|
|
|
NOINDIRECTCALL |
327 |
Do not generate bank switch code for indirectly called functions. |
|
|
|
NOLINES |
310 |
Excludes line number information from listing file and object file. |
|
|
|
NOMAP |
311 |
Excludes memory map information from the listing file. |
|
|
|
NOOVERLAY |
353 |
Prevents overlaying or overlapping local bit and data segments. |
|
|
|
NOPRINT |
315 |
Disables generation of a listing file. |
|
|
|
NOPUBLICS |
312 |
Excludes public symbol information from the listing and object file. |
|
|
|
NOSYMBOLS |
313 |
Excludes local symbol information from the listing file. |
|
|
|
NOSORTSIZE |
341 |
Disable size sorting for segments before allocating the memory. |
|
|
|
NOTYPE |
327 |
Excludes type information from the listing file and the object file. |
|
|
|
OBJECTCONTROLS |
330 |
Excludes specific debugging information from the object file. |
|
|
|
OVERLAY |
354 |
Modifies call tree for data overlaying of local data & bit segments. |
|
|
|
PAGELENGTH |
314 |
Sets maximum number of lines in each page of listing file. |
|
|
|
PAGEWIDTH |
314 |
Sets maximum number of characters in each line of listing file. |
|
|
|
315 |
Specifies the name of the listing file. |
|
|
|
|
PRINTCONTROLS |
316 |
Excludes specific debugging information from the listing file. |
|
|
|
PURGE |
317 |
Excludes all debugging information from the listing and object file. |
|
|
|
RECURSIONS |
356 |
Allows analyze the call tree of complex recursive applications. |
|
|
|
REGFILE |
356 |
Specifies the register usage information file generated by Lx51. |
|
|
|
RESERVE |
345 |
Reserves memory and prevent Lx51 from using memory areas. |
|
|
|
RTX251 |
358 |
Includes support for the RTX-251 full real-time kernel. |
|
|
|
RTX51 |
358 |
Includes support for the RTX-51 full real-time kernel. |
|
|
|
RTX51TINY |
358 |
Includes support for the RTX-51 tiny real-time kernel. |
|
|
|
SEGMENTS |
346 |
Defines physical memory addresses and orders for segments. |
|
|
|
SEGSIZE |
348 |
Specifies memory space used by a segment. |
|
|
|
WARNINGLEVEL |
318 |
Controls the types and severity of warnings generated. |
|