
- •Предисловие
- •Unit 1. Economic environment a. Text what is economics all about?
- •B. Dialogue business climate in russia
- •Vocabulary list
- •Exercises
- •Discussion
- •In order to get prepared for participation in the class discussion of the above questions, write several paragraphs on the following:
- •Reading practice
- •Unit 2. Public finance a. Text finance and financial system
- •B. Dialogue budget organization and budget process
- •Vocabulary list
- •Exercises
- •Discussion
- •A) The Budget Message of the Mayor
- •April 27, 1995
- •In order to get prepared for participation in the class discussion of these questions, write several paragraphs on the following:
- •Reading practice
- •Unit 3. Fiscal management a. Text financial policy. Fiscal sphere
- •B. Dialogue effective fiscal policy
- •Vocabulary list
- •Exercises
- •A) Financial Policy
- •B) Fiscal Policy in the uk
- •Discussion
- •A) Multiyear Budgeting
- •B) Types of Budget Classification
- •A) Fiscal Policy in Transition Economies: a Major Challenge
- •B) On Macro- and Microeconomics
- •In order to get prepared for participation in the discussion of the questions, write a short essay on the following:
- •Reading practice
- •Transition Economies Need to Reform Social Safety Nets
- •Unit 4. Central banking. Monetary policy a. Text central banking system
- •B. Dialogue banking system in russia
- •Vocabulary list
- •Exercises
- •Us Activities of Foreign Banking Organizations
- •Discussion
- •A) Is Monetary Policy Needed?
- •B) Payment Systems
- •In order to get prepared for participation in the class discussion of the questions, write a summary of the interview in Ex. 13. Follow the plan suggested below:
- •Reading pra ctice
- •Unit 5. Banking system a. Text commercial banks
- •B. Dialogue
- •Interview With a Bank Manager
- •Vocabulary list
- •Exercises
- •B) Bank Accounts
- •B) The Nature of Banking
- •Discussion
- •A) Bank Loans and Overdrafts
- •In order to get prepared for participation in the class discussion of the questions, write a short essay on:
- •Reading practice
- •Unit 6. Taxation a. Text what are taxes?
- •B. Dialogue taxation in russia
- •Vocabulary list
- •Exercises
- •What Is an Excise Duty?
- •Tax Reform in Developing Countries
- •Discussion
- •In order to get prepared for participation in the class discussion of the questions, write a short essay on the following:
- •Reading practice
- •Unit 7. International monetary system a. Text
- •International monetary institutions
- •B. Dialogue
- •Imf's support for russian reforms
- •Vocabulary list
- •Exercises
- •International Monetary Fund
- •Your Partner ebrd
- •World Bank – International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (ibrd)
- •Discussion
- •In order to get prepared for participation in the class discussion of the questions, write a short essay on:
- •Reading practice
- •Unit 8. Financial markets. The bond market a. Text trading in the bond market
- •B. Dialogue the bond market
- •Vocabulary list
- •Exercises
- •Discussion
- •In order to get prepared for participation in the class discussion of the above questions, write a short essay on the following:
- •Reading practice
- •Unit 9. Financial markets. The stock market a. Text stocks and markets
- •B. Dialogue the corporate securities market in russia
- •Vocabulary list
- •Exercises
- •Discussion
- •A) Bulls, Bears and Stags
- •B) Options and Short Selling
- •In order to get prepared for participation in the class discussion of the questions, write a short essay on the following:
- •Reading practice
- •The New Issue Market
- •Unit 10. Investment activity a. Text
- •Investments
- •B. Dialogue
- •Investment climate
- •Vocabulary list
- •Exercises
- •Investment Companies
- •3 Food Giants Build Local Yogurt Plants
- •Discussion
- •B) Brazil Attracts Foreign Investors
- •C) Investment in the uk
- •In order to get prepared for participation in the class discussion of the questions, write a short essay on the following:
- •Reading practice
- •Investment Skill Is a Rare Commodity
- •Investment Trusts
- •Unit 11. Foreign exchange market. Global financial markets a. Text trading in the foreign exchange market
- •B. Dialogue cornerstone of the global financial market
- •Vocabulary list
- •Exercises
- •The Eurocurrency Market
- •Discussion
- •In order to get prepared for participation in the class discussion of the questions, write several short paragraphs about:
- •Reading practice
- •Unit 12. Financial management a. Text finance function
- •B. Text financial ratios
- •C. Dialogue ratio analysis
- •Vocabulary list
- •Exercises
- •Discussion
- •A) Corporate Governance
- •B) Investment Management
- •A) Investment Decision Making
- •B) Investment Project Appraisal
- •In order to get prepared for participation in the class discussion of these questions, write a short paragraph on the following:
- •Reading practice
- •Unit 13. Accounting a. Text accounting principles and concepts
- •B. Dialogue accountancy in a free-market economy
- •C. Dialogue public and private accountants
- •Vocabulary list
- •Exercises
- •Discussion
- •In order to get prepared for participation in the class discussion of the questions, write a short paragraph, explaining:
- •Reading practice
- •Balance Sheet
- •A. Balance sheet
- •Unit 14. Auditing a. Text performing an audit
- •B. Dialogue auditing in russia
- •Vocabulary list
- •Exercises
- •Ex. 4. Say in a few words what the main text is about. Use the opening phrases from
- •Sweden.
- •Independent Auditors' Report to the Board of Directors and Stockholders of_______Company
- •Discussion
- •In order to get prepared for participation in the class discussion of the questions, write several paragraphs on the following:
- •Reading practice
- •Banking correspondence
- •Dictionary of key words
- •Contents
In order to get prepared for participation in the class discussion of the questions, write several paragraphs on the following:
a) Types of audit mentioned in this unit.
b) What are government auditors responsible for?
c) What do professional audit organizations do for auditors?
Ex. 15. Prepare a short talk on the following:
a) If you have a job with an auditing firm (or want to be an auditor), what sort of personal characteristics do you think are most important for auditors? Compare them with the personal features necessary for other financial professions.
b) If you have a job with an auditing firm, say how the Chamber of Auditors provides you with information about possibilities to upgrade professional skills (courses being offered by different organizations). Is the information, if any, accurate, timely, complete and relevant?
c) How is the work of auditors monitored?
Ex. 16. Talk to professional auditors to find out what they think about their professional organizations in Russia. Consider different aspects of their activities.
Reading practice
Ex. 17. a) Look through the text below to find the names of bodies responsible for continuing professional education in the UK.
b) Read the text carefully to say what CPE implies.
Continuing Professional Education
The Audit Registration Committees of the Institutes of Chartered Accountants in Britain are extremely interested in and concerned about continuing professional education (CPE). CPE is essential for all principals and employees who deal with audit work. Indeed, it is more than essential, it is compulsory. It is there to ensure that firms maintain their competence to do audit work and maintain the high professional standards expected of firms of chartered accountants.
Principals and employees must keep up-to-date with changes in company law, accounting and auditing standards, etc.
The amount of CPE is not expressed as an absolute total, but a target of 150 points. One point is given for each "unstructured" hour of CPE (e.g. reading) and three points for each "structured" hour (e.g. course attendance). Of the target of 150 at least 60 points should be structured activities. For auditors, half those amounts (i.e. 75 points of total and 30 points of structured education) should be audit-related. Thirty structured CPE points is, for example, 10 hours of course attendance.
The current system of CPE has been in place since 1991. There are no exemptions due to the age of the practitioner or the volume of audit work undertaken.
The ARCs accept that in any particular year the targets may not be met. It is important that auditing firms should take a conscientious approach to CPE. However, the ARCs are becoming increasingly concerned about firms who have done little, if any, CPE.
In the Committees' view, there is a wealth of CPE available. Courses are run by the institutes, district societies and commercial training organizations. There should be no excuse for not doing CPE. Firms should be aware that ARCs will take a firm line with firms who do inadequate CPE.
Ex. 18. a) Read through the text for general information.
b) Reread the text more carefully and pick out information about the JMU.
The EU 8th Company Law Directive set out the requirements for each member state to have a common minimum regulatory system for auditors of limited companies. The United Kingdom enacted this through the Companies Act 1989 and added a requirement for monitoring. Since 1 October 1991, a firm must be a Registered Auditor to conduct company audit work.
In 1990 the Department of Trade and Industry granted the status of Recognized Supervisory Body to ICAEW, ICAS and ICAI, thus allowing these institutes to register and regulate Registered Auditors.
Specifically, this work is done by Audit Registration Committees which register auditors and then organise monitoring.
Monitoring is conducted on behalf of the Institutes by the Joint Monitoring Unit, which was set up in 1987 to monitor the compliance of firms authorized to conduct investment business and whose role was extended in 1991 to include monitoring the work of Registered Auditors.
The monitoring activities of the JMU involve:
• issuing and reviewing firms' Annual Returns,
• conducting visits to firms,
• reporting the results of visits to the ARCs.
Activities of the JMU aim to assess whether or not the firm has complied with Audit Regulations and Standards. The JMU seeks to assist firms by making practical suggestions for improvements of their audit performance.
Words you may need:
ICAEW – Institute of Chartered Accountants of England and Wales Институт дипломированных бухгалтеров Англии и Уэльса
ICAS – Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland Институт дипломированных бухгалтеров Шотландии
ICAI – Institute of Chartered Accountants of Ireland Институт дипломированных бухгалтеров Ирландии