1. A bad wound; 2. A bad malaise; 3. A bad rupture; 4. Bad manifestations;

4. a bad fatigue

9. Answer the following questions:

1. In what cases is erythrocyte sedimentation rate accelerated? 2. What temperature are benign forms of tuberculosis accompanied by/ 3. In case of what disease is a marked shadowing in the lungs revealed by the X-ray examination? 4. What sputum has the patient with tuberculosis of the lungs? 5. Is cold profuse perspiration at night the evidence of a benign or a severe form of tuberculosis of the lungs? 6. What is permanent fever often accompanied by?

10. Choose the proper verb from those given in brackets. Use it in the necessary tense:

1. The patient’s general condition (to improve, to recover) gradually since he was administered streptomycin injections. 2. The most characteristic symptoms of primary tuberculosis such as loss of appetite and weight, short periods of fever and slow growth (to develop, to produce) in a child since the age of two. 3. As the patient’s temperature (to enlarge, to elevate) constantly since he was admitted to the hospital he had to follow a bed regimen.

11. Use ‘one’ (‘ones’), ‘that’ (‘those’) Instead of the words in bold type. Translate the sentences:

1. In case of pulmonary gangrene the right lung is more often affected than the left lung. 2. In acute forms of pulmonary gangrene the sputum has a bad smell, like the smell of dead tissues — or of a destroyed tooth. 3. In pulmonary edema the clinical picture reveals some findings like the findings observed in other lung diseases.

12. Read the passages. Say what respiratory tract disease is described in each of them:

1. The girl developed a permanent loss of appetite and she had not been increasing in weight for several months. Her growth was slow. She often had short periods of fever. On physical examination the physician revealed a small number of dry and fine moist rales. The percussion sound was considerably reduced.

2. The patient complained of a general malaise, fatigue and cold profuse perspiration at night. His temperature had been persisting at a level of 38°C for about a month. He had mucopurulent sputum sometimes containing blood. When the doctor was examining him the patient stated that he had lost much weight.

3. When the patient was admitted to the hospital his breathing was rapid and there was a marked cyanosis of the face. He complained of chest pain on deep breathing in. The physician determined that his arterial pressure was reduced, his pulse rate was accelerated and there was dullness in the lungs. There were numerous foci of inflammation in the lungs revealed by the X-ray examination.

13. 1. Read Text F. 2. Ask each other questions on the text. 3. Retell it. 4. Summarize the essence of the second paragraph:

Text F. Lung Abscess

Lung abscess may develop because of various factors. In cases where an abscess develops as a complication of pneumonia the patient’s general condition gradually becomes worse. Sometimes the first clinical manifestations of a chill, pain in the affected side, fever elevating to 39°-40°C, and loss of appetite are present. There is a profuse perspiration at night, dry cough, and a considerable increase of the white blood cell count up to 20,000 per cu mm of blood and accelerated ESR. Both fever and the increase in the number of leucocytes depend on the presence of pus in the cavity. When pus is evacuated from the thoracic cavity the temperature decreases and the white blood cell count returns to normal. The repeated increase of white blood cells may be observed when pus is again accumulated in the cavity.

The course of the lung abscess may be divided into two periods: that before and that after the rupture of the abscess into a bronchus. The length of the first period varies in different cases. The second period begins from the moment of the abscess rupture into a bronchus usually with 0.5 litre or more of sputum discharge. After the rupture of sputum into a bronchus, the body temperature returns to normal, and the patient’s general condition becomes better. The sputum discharge gradually reduces in its amount. The appetite increases, the white blood cell count and ESR return to normal. Within 4-5 weeks of effective treatment complete recovery is usually observed in most cases of lung abscess.

UNIT 2. THE DISEASES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Грамматика: Сложное дополнение.

LESSON 37

HOME ASSIGNMENTS

1. А. Сравните следующие два предложения и ответьте на вопросы:

1. I know that he studies. = 6) I know him to study.

Я знаю, что он учится. Я знаю...

1. * Каким придаточным предложением является that he studies в предложении (а)? 2* Есть ли союз that в предложении (б)? 3.* В каком падеже употреблено местоимение he в предложении (б)? 4.* Какую форму приобрело сказуемое studies в предложении (б)? 5.* Чему соответствует that he studies в предложении (б)? 6.* Если him to study равнозначно that he studies, то как нужно перевести him to study в предложении (б)? 7.* На какой вопрос отвечает that he studies? 8.* Следовательно, на какой вопрос отвечает сочетание слов him to study?9.* Какой член предложения отвечает на вопрос что (кого)? 10. Следовательно, каким членом предложения является сочетание слов him to study? Выучите глаголы, с которыми употребляется сложное дополнение.

Б. В следующих предложениях обратите внимание на перевод различ­ных форм ннфннитнвов, входящих в состав сложного дополнения:

а) I know this surgeon (him) to operate on successfully.

Я знаю, что этот хирург (он) оперирует успешно.

I know this surgeon (him) to have operated on successfully.

Я знаю, что этот хирург (он) оперировал успешно.

б) I know this patient (him) to be operated on at our clinic.

Я знаю, что этот больной (он) оперируется в нашей клинике.

I know this patient (him) to have been operated on successfully.

Я знаю, что этот больной (он) был оперирован успешно.

2. Отличается ли перевод простого инфинитива от перфектного и инфинитива в страдательном залоге?

2. * Найдите сложное дополнение в следующих предложениях:

1. expected my sister to be operated on as soon as her temperature returned to normal. 2. The physician wanted my mother to be following a bed regimen for several days. 3. The cardiologist considered the electrocardiogram waves to have changed after the heart attack. 4. The physician supposed the intensity of the shadow in the lung to decrease after the treatment.

3. Прочтите и сравните следующие предложения:

The patients saw the doctor enter the ward.

Больные видели, что врач входнт в палату.

Не felt the pain increase.

Он чувствовал, что боль усиливается.

The students watched the nurse give an injection.

Студенты наблюдали, как медсестра делает укол.

Какими глаголами выражено сказуемое в этих предложениях и что нового вы заметили в конструкции сложного дополнения?

4. Найдите сложные дополнения и переведите их:

The investigator observed the primary manifestations of the disease be associated with the reduction of the number of erythrocytes. 2. The surgeon noticed the amount of pus in the mucopurulent discharge from the wound have been decreasing. 3. The examiner saw the marked shadowing in the lung have areas of various intensity.

5. Прочтите и сравните следующие предложения и обратите внимание на причастия:

We saw him recover gradually. 1 Мы видели, как он постепенно We saw him recovering gradually. J выздоравливает.

I watched the doctor examine the patient. 1 Я наблюдал, как врач I watched the doctor examining the patient. / осматривает больного. Из каких элементов состоит сложное дополнение вторых пред­ложений?

6. Найдите сложное дополнение. Скажите, чем оно выражено. Переведите предложения:

1. heard this patient coughing badly at night. 2. We watched the patient’s condition gradually becoming worse. 3. We saw typical signs of intoxication associated with the over-dosage of this poisonous drug appearing gradually.

7. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания: palpitation [,paelpi’teifn] п сильное сердцебиение; трепетание onset [‘onset] п начало; приступ

precede [pn’si:d] v предшествовать

moderate [‘moderitja умеренный; средний

readings [‘ri:dirjz] и показания (прибора)

slight [slait] а слабый, тонкий; незначительный; легкий

confirm [kan’fam] о подтверждать

murmur [‘тэ:тэ] п шум (в сердце)

duration [djua’reifn] п продолжительность

insist [m’sist] о настаивать (с предлогом on)

strict [stikt] а строгий

8. 1. Прочтите текст А. 2. Найдите и переведите предложения, в которых употребляется сложное дополнение. 3. Озаглавьте каждый абзац: Выпишите английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний: при физическом напряжении; ясно выраженный; на верхушке сердца; меняться по плотности н продолжительности; настаивая на соблюдении строгого постельного режима.

   Text A. Rheumatic Endocarditis

The patient complained of a general malaise, early fatigue on exertion, cardiac discomfort and palpitation.

The physician found him to have been having an increase of body temperature to a subfebrile level for a prolonged period of time. The patient stated that the onset of the disease had been preceded by tonsillitis. The patient’s pulse rate had become irregular and accelerated on physical exertion.

The blood analysis revealed moderate leucocytosis and an elevated ESR. The electrocardiogram showed the changes in the most important readings. On percussion the doctor determined the heart to be slightly enlarged. These findings of the physical examination were confirmed by the X-ray examination.

While listening to the patient’s heart the doctor found a soft systolic murmur to be heard at the heart apex. These symptoms were accompanied by diastole murmur heard at the apex and base of the heart. The doctor estimated the murmurs to be varying in their intensity and duration. It was evidence of an inflammatory process in the valves. The doctor determined the organic changes in the mitral, aortic and tricuspid valves to be clearly marked.

The physician considered the patient to be ill with rheumatic endocarditis and insisted on his following a strict bed regimen at the in-patient department.

9. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What most characteristic clinical manifestations has rheumatic endocarditis? 2. What readings does the electrocardiogram show in case of rheumatic endocarditis? 3. How can a therapeutist determine the enlargement of the heart? 4. How can systolic and diastolic heart murmurs be revealed in patients with rheumatic endocarditis? 5. What regimen must a patient with rheumatic endocarditis follow?

10. Выучите следующие слова. Предложения переведите:

Insufficiency [.insa’fijbnsi] п недостаточность. Cardiac insufficiency was

diagnosed in this patient.

eliminate [I’limineit] v устранять; ликвидировать, уничтожать

The pain was eliminated due to the administration of this drug.

nourish [‘nArifl v питать, кормить; to be well nourished, быть хорошо упитанным, повышенного питания. The patient was a well nourished male.

tablespoonful [‘teibl,spu:nful] n столовая ложка чего-л. You must take a tablespoonful of this medicine.

preparation [.prepa’reifn] n препарат; приготовление. Adonis (адонис) preparations are administered in case of rheumatic endocarditis.

follow-up [‘folou4p] n отдаленные результаты; последующее наблю­дение врача; больной, состоящий на учете; а последующий; v проследить отдаленные результаты; наблюдаться по поводу отдаленных результатов

The patient was followed-up at the out-patient department. The follow-ups did not reveal any pathologic signs. You must come for the follow-up examina­tion in a month.

undergo [,Anda’gou] (underwent, undergone) v подвергаться; испыты­вать, переносить. The patient underwent the operation last month.

recurrence [n’kArans] n возвращение; повторение; рецидив The recurrence of the disease was rather unexpected.