Quatations and jokes
ENVIRONMENT.
The environment is everything that isn't me.
Albert Einstein.
The most important thing about Spaceship Earth - an instruction book doesn't come with it.
Buckminster Fuller.
Air pollution is turning Mother Nature prematurely grey.
Irv.Kupcinet.
PROGRESS.
Today every invention is received with a cry of triumph which soon turns into a cry of fear.
Bertold Brecht.
NATURE.
Nature thrives on patience; man on impatience.
Paul Boese.
The universe is like a safe to which there is a combination, but the combination is locked up in the safe.
Peter de Vries.
Man is a complex being: he makes deserted bloom and lakes die.
Gil Stern.
Nature never did betray the heart that loved her.
William Wordsworth.
JOKES
*- The best defence against the atomic bomb is not to be there when it goes off.
The British Army Journal.
*- Whenever science makes a discovery, the devil grabs it while the angels are debating the best way to use it.
Alen Valentine.
Research is to see what everybody has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought.
Albert Szent-Gyorgyi.
- Computers can figure out all kinds of problems, except the things in the world that just don't add up.
James Magary.
*- If the human race wants to go to Hell in a basket, technology can help it get there by jet.
Charles M.Allen.
- Light is the ultimate messenger of the universe.
BBC World Service.
EXPERIENCE.
- What you really value is what you miss, not what you have.
Jorge Luis Borges.
- Experience enables you to recognize a mistake when you make it again.
Franklin P.Jones.
- From error to error one discovers the entire truth.
Sigmund Freud.
- Experience teaches only teachable.
Aldous Huxley.
- Experience is a good teacher, but she sends in terrible bills.
Minna Antrim.
CIVILIZATION (* - jokes)
Each new generation is a fresh invasion of savages.
Harvey Allen.
- The human race has improved everything except the human race.
Adlai Stevenson.
- Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.
Arthur C.Clarke
- Our lifetime may be the last that will be lived out in a technological society.
Isaac Asimov.
- Civilization is just a slow process of learning to be kind.
Charles L.Lucas.
CREATION AND CREATIVITY.
In creating, the only hard thing is to begin.
James Russell Lowell.
- Time is a great teacher, but unfortunately it kills all its pupils.
Hector Berlioz.
- The future is purchased by the present.
Samuel Johnson.
Unit VIII
Права человека Права личности и права учащегося.
Грамматика: эмфатические конструкции, анализ и перевод сложного предложения
A customer is always right
Introductory text age of majority (or gaining rights)
As you become older, the rights that the law gives you increase. But the ages at which you gain these rights can vary widely from country to country. There are even big differences between what young people can do in Britain and in Scotland.
Because young people mature at different rates, and become "responsible" according to their own personality and background, there is no universally agreed age at which they become adults. That is why - according to the Children's Legal Centre, in London, which collected these
figures - the minimum age limits are often arbitrary.
The most important age from a legal point of view is called the age of majority. This is the age at which the law considers you to have rights and responsibilities, and at which you can take all decisions that affect your life.
The most popular age for this in Europe is 18. It was 21 in England and Wales until 1969, but it then came down to 18 - since which time many other European countries have followed. In France and West Germany, for instance, the age came down from 21 to 18 in 1974, and in Italy the following year.
In Greece, Ireland, Holland and Denmark the age has also been reduced to 18 - often in response to young people's demands. In Austria it is 19 and in Switzerland, 20. Scotland, where the age of majority is 18, divides under-18s into two categories: boys under 14 and girls under 12 are
"pupils", and girls from 12 to18 and boys from 14 to 18 are "minors" who have some rights denied to pupils.
Many countries let young people reach the age of majority earlier if they have been "emancipated", or released from all parental control. This might happen on marriage, such as in Denmark, France, Ireland, Spain and Switzerland, or at the request of the young person and a parent or a guardian.
In France, a young unmarried woman with a child automatically reaches the age of majority, although she loses it if she gives the child away.
Some countries have taken up the principles of "democratic parenting", meaning that parents should exercise their authority in consultation with their children. Greek law says that parents should consider the children's opinions before making any decision regarding their responsibilities. In Finland parents must discuss issues with their children and take into account their opinions, wishes and desires.
Vocabulary to the Text.
increase - расширять(ся), увеличивать(ся)
gain - достигать, обретать
vary - варьировать, различаться
mature - становиться зрелым, взрослеть
responsible - ответственный
background - здесь: опыт
adult - взрослый
figure - здесь: цифра
arbitrary - здесь: произвольный
legal - легальный, юридический
age of majority - совершеннолетие
consider - считать, рассматривать
affect - воздествовать, влиять
come* down (to) - снизить (до)
follow - следовать
in response (to) - в ответ (на)
demand - требование
divide - делить, разделять
deny - отрицать
release - освобождать(ся)
parental - родительский
guardian - юр. опекун
reach - достигать
although - хотя
lose* - терять
exercise - осуществлять, проявлять
authority - власть
make a decision - принимать решение
regarding - относительно
responsibility - ответственность
issue - вопрос
take into account - принимать во внимание
opinion - мнение
Word Study to the Text.
Ex. Match the phrases with their Russian equivalents:
1. take into account 2. consider the child's opinion 3. discuss an
issue 4. affect one's life 5. come down (to) 6. reach the age of
majority 7. gain rights 8. exercise one's authority 9. take/make
decisions 10. vary widely 11. collect figures 12. become adult
a/ реализовать свою власть b/ достичь совершеннолетия c/ принимать
во внимание d/ обретать права e/ принимать решения f/ считаться с
мнением ребенка g/ снизить (до) h/ взрослеть i/ обсудить вопрос
j/ широко различаться k/ собирать цифры l/ влиять на чью-то жизнь
Ex. Match the phrases with their Russian equivalents:
1. at different rates 2. universally agreed age 3. arbitrary limits
4. legal point of view 5. age of majority 6. in response (to) 7.
parental control 8. under 18s
a/ младше 18 лет b/ в ответ (на) c/ родительский контроль d/
совершеннолетие e/ юридическая точка зрения f/ разными темпами
g/ произвольные ограничеиня h/ общепризнанный возраст
Ex. Translate the following sentences into English.
Вы становитесь старше, и вместе с этим, в соответствии с законом, вы обретаете больше прав.
Но возраст обретения прав в разных странах очень различается.
Молодые люди становятся взрослеют (get mature/become adult) разными темпами, в зависимости от своей собственной личности и опыта, и не существует общепризнанного возраста - единого для всех стран - в котором они становятся взрослыми.
Вот почему, согласно данных Детского Юридического Центра, минимальные возрастные ограничения зачастую являются прозвольными.
Самый важный возраст с юридической точки зрения называют совершеннолетием.
Это возраст, в котором, с точки зрения закона, вы обретаете права и обязанности, и в котором вы можете принимать решения, которые влияют на вашу жизнь.
В большинстве стран совершеннолетие наступает в 18 лет.
Англия, Франция и Германия последовали этому примеру и зничили возраст наступления совершеннолетия с 21года до 18 лет.
Во многих странах считается, что молодые люди достигают возраста совершеннолетия раньше, если они вышли (released) из-под родительского надзора (контроля).
Во Франции молодая незамужняя женщина с ребенком автоматически считается совершеннолетней, хотя она утрачивает его, если отдаст ребенка.
В некоторых странах приняты принципы "демократического родительства", означающие, что родители должны реализовывать свою власть только после консультации со своими детьми.
Согласно греческим законам, родители должны рассмотреть мнения детей, прежде чем принимать решение по поводу их ответственности
Comprehension Check.
Ex. Answer the following questions:
1. What do you gain when getting older?
2. Do young people mature at the same age?
3. Is there a universally agreed age, at which young people become adult?
4. What is the most important age from a legal point of view?
5. What is the most popular age for this in Europe?
6. Has it always been the same in all the countries?
7. Can young people reach the age of majority earlier that at 18 y.o.?
8. What is meant by "democratic parenting"?
Topics to discuss.
1. Age of majority.
2. Priciples of "democratic parenting".
Text IA