- •Table of Contents
- •Chapter 1. Introduction
- •Using Commands
- •Batch Program Use
- •How to Use this Manual
- •Chapter 2. Object and Command Basics
- •Object Declaration
- •Object Commands
- •Object Assignment
- •More on Object Declaration
- •Auxiliary Commands
- •Managing Workfiles and Databases
- •Managing Objects
- •Basic Command Summary
- •Chapter 3. Matrix Language
- •Declaring Matrices
- •Assigning Matrix Values
- •Copying Data Between Objects
- •Matrix Expressions
- •Matrix Commands and Functions
- •Matrix Views and Procs
- •Matrix Operations versus Loop Operations
- •Summary of Automatic Resizing of Matrix Objects
- •Matrix Function and Command Summary
- •Chapter 4. Working with Tables
- •Creating a Table
- •Assigning Table Values
- •Customizing Tables
- •Labeling Tables
- •Printing Tables
- •Exporting Tables to Files
- •Customizing Spreadsheet Views
- •Table Summary
- •Chapter 5. Working with Graphs
- •Creating a Graph
- •Changing Graph Types
- •Customizing a Graph
- •Labeling Graphs
- •Printing Graphs
- •Exporting Graphs to Files
- •Graph Summary
- •Chapter 6. EViews Programming
- •Program Basics
- •Simple Programs
- •Program Variables
- •Program Modes
- •Program Arguments
- •Control of Execution
- •Multiple Program Files
- •Subroutines
- •Programming Summary
- •Chapter 7. Strings and Dates
- •Strings
- •Dates
- •Appendix A. Object, View and Procedure Reference
- •Alpha
- •Coef
- •Equation
- •Graph
- •Group
- •Link
- •Logl
- •Matrix
- •Model
- •Pool
- •Rowvector
- •Sample
- •Scalar
- •Series
- •Sspace
- •System
- •Table
- •Text
- •Valmap
- •Vector
- •Appendix B. Command Reference
- •addassign
- •addinit
- •addtext
- •align
- •alpha
- •append
- •arch
- •archtest
- •area
- •arlm
- •arma
- •arroots
- •auto
- •axis
- •bdstest
- •binary
- •block
- •boxplot
- •boxplotby
- •bplabel
- •cause
- •ccopy
- •cdfplot
- •cellipse
- •censored
- •cfetch
- •chdir
- •checkderivs
- •chow
- •clabel
- •cleartext
- •close
- •coef
- •coefcov
- •coint
- •comment
- •control
- •copy
- •correl
- •correlsq
- •count
- •create
- •cross
- •data
- •datelabel
- •dates
- •dbcopy
- •dbcreate
- •dbdelete
- •dbopen
- •dbpack
- •dbrebuild
- •dbrename
- •dbrepair
- •decomp
- •define
- •delete
- •derivs
- •describe
- •displayname
- •draw
- •drawdefault
- •driconvert
- •drop
- •dtable
- •edftest
- •endog
- •equation
- •errbar
- •exclude
- •exit
- •expand
- •fetch
- •fill
- •fiml
- •fixedtest
- •forecast
- •freeze
- •freq
- •frml
- •garch
- •genr
- •grads
- •graph
- •group
- •hconvert
- •hfetch
- •hilo
- •hist
- •hlabel
- •impulse
- •jbera
- •kdensity
- •kerfit
- •label
- •laglen
- •legend
- •line
- •linefit
- •link
- •linkto
- •load
- •logit
- •logl
- •makecoint
- •makederivs
- •makeendog
- •makefilter
- •makegarch
- •makegrads
- •makegraph
- •makegroup
- •makelimits
- •makemap
- •makemodel
- •makeregs
- •makeresids
- •makesignals
- •makestates
- •makestats
- •makesystem
- •matrix
- •means
- •merge
- •metafile
- •model
- •name
- •nnfit
- •open
- •options
- •ordered
- •output
- •override
- •pageappend
- •pagecontract
- •pagecopy
- •pagecreate
- •pagedelete
- •pageload
- •pagerename
- •pagesave
- •pageselect
- •pagestack
- •pagestruct
- •pageunstack
- •param
- •pcomp
- •plot
- •pool
- •predict
- •probit
- •program
- •qqplot
- •qstats
- •range
- •ranhaus
- •read
- •rename
- •representations
- •resample
- •reset
- •residcor
- •residcov
- •resids
- •results
- •rndint
- •rndseed
- •rowvector
- •sample
- •save
- •scalar
- •scale
- •scat
- •scatmat
- •scenario
- •seas
- •seasplot
- •series
- •setbpelem
- •setcell
- •setcolwidth
- •setconvert
- •setelem
- •setfillcolor
- •setfont
- •setformat
- •setheight
- •setindent
- •setjust
- •setline
- •setlines
- •setmerge
- •settextcolor
- •setwidth
- •sheet
- •show
- •signalgraphs
- •smooth
- •smpl
- •solve
- •solveopt
- •sort
- •spec
- •spike
- •sspace
- •statby
- •stategraphs
- •statefinal
- •stateinit
- •stats
- •statusline
- •stom
- •stomna
- •store
- •structure
- •svar
- •system
- •table
- •template
- •testadd
- •testbtw
- •testby
- •testdrop
- •testexog
- •testfit
- •testlags
- •teststat
- •text
- •textdefault
- •trace
- •tramoseats
- •tsls
- •unlink
- •update
- •updatecoefs
- •uroot
- •usage
- •valmap
- •vars
- •vector
- •wald
- •wfcreate
- •wfopen
- •wfsave
- •wfselect
- •white
- •workfile
- •write
- •wtsls
- •xyline
- •xypair
- •Appendix C. Special Expression Reference
- •@expand
- •nrnd
- •Appendix D. Operator and Function Reference
- •Operators
- •Basic Mathematical Functions
- •Time Series Functions
- •Descriptive Statistics
- •By-Group Statistics
- •Special Functions
- •Trigonometric Functions
- •Statistical Distribution Functions
- •Appendix E. Workfile Functions
- •Basic Workfile Information
- •Dated Workfile Information
- •Panel Workfile Functions
- •Appendix F. String and Date Function Reference
- •@dateadd
- •@datediff
- •@datefloor
- •@datepart
- •@datestr
- •@dateval
- •@dtoo
- •@eqna
- •@insert
- •@instr
- •@isempty
- •@left
- •@len, @length
- •@lower
- •@ltrim
- •@makedate
- •@neqna
- •@otod
- •@replace
- •@right
- •@rtrim
- •@strdate
- •@strlen
- •@strnow
- •@trim
- •@upper
- •Appendix G. Matrix Reference
- •@cholesky
- •colplace
- •@columnextract
- •@columns
- •@cond
- •@convert
- •@eigenvalues
- •@eigenvectors
- •@explode
- •@filledmatrix
- •@filledrowvector
- •@filledsym
- •@filledvector
- •@getmaindiagonal
- •@identity
- •@implode
- •@inner
- •@inverse
- •@issingular
- •@kronecker
- •@makediagonal
- •matplace
- •mtos
- •@norm
- •@outer
- •@permute
- •@rank
- •@resample
- •@rowextract
- •rowplace
- •@rows
- •@solvesystem
- •stom
- •stomna
- •@subextract
- •@trace
- •@transpose
- •@unitvector
- •@vech
- •Appendix H. Programming Language Reference
- •call
- •@date
- •else
- •endif
- •endsub
- •@errorcount
- •@evpath
- •exitloop
- •include
- •@isobject
- •next
- •open
- •output
- •poff
- •program
- •return
- •statusline
- •step
- •stop
- •subroutine
- •@temppath
- •then
- •@time
- •wend
- •while
- •Index
- •Symbols
- •% (percent sign)
- •+ (plus)
- •addition 35
- •@crossid 593
- •@date 148, 590, 633
- •@eqna 124, 575, 599
- •@-functions
- •@inner 578, 619
- •@insert 126, 600
- •@instr 124, 600
- •@inverse 620
- •@isempty 124, 601
- •@isna 575
- •@isobject 637
- •@isperiod 591
- •@issingular 620
- •@kronecker 620
- •@kurtsby 580
- •@last 474
- •@lastmax 474
- •@lastmin 474
- •@left 125, 601, 606
- •@length 124, 602
- •@logit 583
- •@logx 576
- •@lower 127, 602
- •@ltrim 126, 602
- •@makedate 142, 603
- •@makediagonal 621
- •@maxsby 579
- •@meansby 579
- •@median 578
- •@mediansby 579
- •@minsby 579
- •@month 148, 591
- •@movav 576
- •@movsum 576
- •@nasby 580
- •@neqna 125, 575, 604
- •@ngroups 580
- •@norm 623
- •@obsby 579
- •@obsid 593
- •@obsnum 589
- •@obsrange 590
- •@obssmpl 590
- •@otod 128, 605
- •@outer 623
- •@pcha 577
- •@pchy 577
- •@permute 624
- •@quantile 579
- •@quantilesby 580
- •@quarter 148, 591
- •@rank 624
- •@recode 576
- •@replace 126, 605
- •@resample 625
- •@RGB specification of colors 454
- •@right 126
- •@round 576
- •@rowextract 625
- •@rows 626
- •@rtrim 126, 606
- •@seas 591
- •@skewsby 580
- •@solvesystem 626
- •@sqrt 576
- •@stdev 579
- •@stdevsby 579
- •@strdate 128, 148, 591, 607
- •@strlen 607
- •@strnow 128, 607
- •@subextract 628
- •@sumsby 579
- •@sumsq 579
- •@sumsqsby 579
- •@temppath 641
- •_ (continuation character) 84
- •Numerics
- •Add factor
- •align 203
- •views 154
- •Alpha series
- •append 205
- •ARCH
- •Arguments
- •in programs 98
- •ARMA
- •ASCII file
- •open as workfile 532
- •Autocorrelation
- •Autogressive error. See AR.
- •Autowrap text 83
- •Axis
- •rename label 371
- •axis 217
- •Beta
- •Binary
- •Binomial
- •customize 231
- •Breusch-Godfrey test
- •call 633
- •Cell
- •censored 238
- •Cholesky factor
- •Chow test 241
- •Close
- •Coefficient
- •See Coef.
- •update default coef vector 521
- •Cointegration
- •Color
- •Column
- •extract from matrix 612
- •stack matrix 630
- •Conditional standard deviation
- •Conditional variance
- •Control variable 88
- •Convert
- •date to observation number 599
- •matrix to sym 618
- •Coordinates
- •Copy
- •cross 260
- •matrix 259
- •Create
- •Cross section member
- •of squares 424
- •Data
- •Database
- •Date
- •Dates
- •current date and time 147
- •string representation 598
- •Declare
- •Delete
- •Derivatives
- •Directory
- •Distribution function
- •DRI database
- •fetch series 239
- •Drop
- •group series or cross-section from pool definition 281
- •Eigenvalues 615
- •Element
- •else 634
- •Error correction model
- •Errors
- •exclude 289
- •Exclude variables from model solution 289
- •Exit
- •Exponential
- •Export
- •matrix 41
- •Extract
- •row vector 625
- •Files
- •Fill
- •Filled
- •Fixed effects
- •For loop
- •Forecast
- •Freeze
- •frml 306
- •Full information maximum likelihood 296
- •GARCH
- •Gauss file 532
- •Gaussian distribution 586
- •Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity
- •Generate series
- •Gompit models 222
- •Gradients
- •display 315
- •create 59
- •high-low-open-close 320
- •pie graph 406
- •XY graph 556
- •graph 316
- •greater than comparison 36
- •add series 198
- •group 317
- •Hausman test 413
- •hconvert 318
- •HTML
- •If statement 100
- •Include
- •Inverse of matrix 620
- •Jarque-Bera
- •Johansen cointegration test 245
- •Kernel
- •label 330
- •specify as range 643
- •Lagrange multiplier
- •Legend
- •line 334
- •Link object
- •Local
- •Logistic
- •logl 344
- •Loop
- •exit loop 108, 635
- •Lotus file
- •Matrix
- •resample rows from 625
- •matrix 366
- •Maximum 578
- •Median 578
- •Merge
- •Messages
- •model solution 371
- •Model 170
- •Models
- •block structure 223
- •solve 475
- •Multiplication operator (*) 35
- •Negative binomial
- •Number
- •evaluate a string 608
- •Numbers
- •converting from strings 124
- •store 16, 490
- •Open
- •database 266
- •Output
- •Output redirection 638
- •override 382
- •Override variables in model solution 382
- •Page
- •resize 399
- •Panel
- •Panel data
- •Percent change
- •Poisson
- •Pool 171
- •declare 408
- •delete identifiers 272
- •pool 408
- •portrait 8
- •probit 410
- •create 83
- •open 84
- •P-value functions 587
- •QQ-plot
- •Quantile function 579
- •Random effects
- •Random number
- •Read
- •Recode values 576
- •Regressors
- •Rename
- •Resample
- •Residuals
- •Results
- •return 639
- •height 50
- •Run program
- •multiple files 108
- •Sample
- •set current 474
- •Save
- •with kernel fit 329
- •scenario 438
- •seas 440
- •Second moment matrix 619
- •declare 442
- •formula 306
- •show 470
- •Signal variables
- •Singular matrix
- •test for 620
- •Smoothing
- •Solve
- •linear system 626
- •sort 478
- •Sspace
- •declare 482
- •procs 180
- •State space
- •State variables
- •display graphs of 484
- •Static forecast 297
- •insert string into 600
- •relational comparison 121
- •String variable 89
- •in for loop 104
- •return from 109, 639
- •Symmetric matrix
- •declare 497
- •Table 187
- •text color 54
- •Test
- •Chow 241
- •for ARCH 210
- •mean, median, variance equality 501
- •mean, median, variance equality by classification 502
- •Text file
- •Then 642
- •Time
- •current as string 607
- •trace 512
- •Trigonometric functions 583
- •Uniform distribution 587
- •Valmap 189
- •vector 529
- •Verbose mode 85
- •append contents of workfile page to current page 383
- •close 12
- •contract page 385
- •create 260
- •end date of observation interval 590
- •open existing 12, 532
- •period indicators 591
- •save 12, 540
- •stack page 396
- •Write
- •wtsls 547
- •xypair 561
sample—429
print x
the print statement will not be executed since execution will stop after executing the commands in SIMUL.PRG. If this behavior is not intended, you should consider using the include (p. 637) statement.
Cross-references
See “Executing a Program” on page 84 for further details.
See also include (p. 637).
sample |
Object Declaration |
|
|
Declare a sample object.
The sample statement declares, and optionally defines, a sample object.
Syntax
Command: sample smpl_name [smpl_statement]
Follow the sample keyword with a name for the sample object and a sample statement. If no sample statement is provided, the sample object will be set to the current workfile sample.
To reset the sample dates in a sample object, you must use the set (p. 444) procedure.
Examples
sample ss
declares a sample object named SS and sets it to the current workfile sample.
sample s2 1974q1 1995q4
declares a sample object named S2 and sets it from1974Q1 to 1995Q4.
sample fe_bl @all if gender=1 and race=3
smpl fe_bl
The first line declares a sample FE_BL that includes observations where GENDER=1 and RACE=3. The second line sets the current sample to FE_BL.
sample sf @last-10 @last
declares a sample object named SF and sets it to the last 10 observations of the current workfile range.
sample s1 @first 1973q1
430—Appendix B. Command Reference
s1.set 1973q2 @last
The first line declares a sample object named S1 and sets it from the beginning of the workfile range to 1973Q1. The second line resets S1 from 1973Q2 to the end of the workfile range.
Cross-references
See “Samples” on page 93 of the User’s Guide, and “Dates” on page 129 for a discussion of using dates and samples in EViews.
See also set (p. 444) and smpl (p. 474).
save |
Command | Graph Proc | Table Proc |
|
|
Save graph to disk as a Windows metafile or PostScript file. Save table to disk as a CSV, tab-delimited ASCII text, RTF, or HTML file.
save may also be used as a command to save the current workfile to disk. This latter usage is provided only for backward compatibility, as it has been replaced with the equivalent wfsave (p. 540) command.
Syntax
Object Proc: |
object_name.save(options) [path\]file_name |
Follow the keyword with a name for the file. file_name may include the file type extension, or the file type may be specified using the “t=” option. The graph may be saved with an
.EMF, .WMF, or .EPS extension.
If an explicit path is not specified, the file will be stored in the default directory, as set in the File Locations global options.
General Graph Options
t=file_type |
Specifies the file type, where file_type may be one of: |
|
Enhanced Windows metafile (“emf”, “meta”, or “meta- |
|
file”), ordinary Windows metafile (“wmf”), or Encapsu- |
|
lated PostScript (“eps”, “ps” or “postscript”). |
|
Files will be saved with the “.emf”, “.wmf”, and “.eps” |
|
extensions, respectively. |
|
|
u=units |
Specify units of measurement, where units is one of: |
|
“in” (inches), “cm” (centimeters), “pt” (points), “pica” |
|
(picas). |
save—431
w=width Set width of the graphic in the selected units.
h=height Set height of the graphic in the selected units.
c / -c |
[Save / Do not save] the graph in color. |
|
|
Note that if only a width or a height option is specified, EViews will calculate the other dimension holding the aspect ratio of the graph constant. If both width and height are provided, the aspect ratio will no longer be locked. EViews will default to the current graph dimensions if size is unspecified.
All defaults are taken from the global graph export settings (Options/Graphics Defaults.../ Exporting).
Postscript specific Graph Options
box / -box |
[Save / Do not save] the graph with a bounding box. |
|
The bounding box is an invisible rectangle placed |
|
around the graphic to indicate its boundaries. The |
|
default is taken from the global graph export settings. |
|
|
land |
Save the graph in landscape orientation. The default |
|
uses portrait mode. |
Table Options
t=file_type |
Specifies the file type, where file_type may be one of: |
(default= |
“csv”(CSV - comma-separated), “rtf” (Rich-text for- |
“csv”) |
mat), “txt” (tab-delimited text), or “html” (HTML - |
|
Hypertext Markup Language). |
|
Files will be saved with the “.csv”, “.rtf”, “.txt”, and |
|
“.htm” extensions, respectively. |
|
|
s=arg |
Scale size, where arg is from 0.05 to 2, representing the |
|
fraction of the original table size (only valid for HTML |
|
or RTF files). |
|
|
r=cell_range |
Range of table cells to be saved. See setfillcolor |
|
(p. 453) for the cell_range syntax. If a range is not pro- |
|
vided, the entire table will be saved. |
|
|
n=string |
Replace all cells that contain NA values with the speci- |
|
fied string. “NA” is the default. |
432—Appendix B. Command Reference
f / -f |
[Use full precision values/ Do not use full precision] |
|
when saving values to the table (only applicable to |
|
numeric cells). By default, the values will be saved as |
|
they appear in the currently formatted table. |
|
|
Examples
graph1.save(t=ps, -box, land) c:\data\MyGra1
saves GRAPH1 as a PostScript file MYGRA1.EPS. The graph is saved in landscape orientation without a bounding box.
graph2.save(u=pts, w=300, h=300) MyGra2
saves GRAPH2 in the default directory as an Enhanced Windows metafile MYGRA2.EMF. The image will be scaled to 300 × 300 points.
The command:
tab1.save mytable
saves TAB1 to a CSV file named “MYTABLE.CSV” in the default directory.
tab1.save(t=csv, n="NAN") mytable
saves TAB1 to a CSV (comma separated value) file named MYTABLE.CSV and writes all NA values as “NAN”.
tab1.save(r=B2:C10, t=html, s=.5) mytable
saves from data from the second row, second column, to the tenth row, third column of TAB1 to a HTML file named MYTABLE.HTM at half of the original size.
tab1.save(f, n=".", r=B) mytable
saves the data in the second column in full precision to a CSV file named “MYTABLE.CSV”, and writes all NA values as “.”.
Cross-references
See Chapter 14, “Graphs, Tables, and Text Objects”, beginning on page 413 of the User’s Guide for a discussion of graphs and tables.
To save a workfile, see wfsave (p. 540). To redirect output, see output (p. 380).