grads—315
grads |
Equation View | Logl View | Sspace View | System View |
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Gradients of the objective function.
Displays the gradients of the objective function (where available) for objects containing an estimated equation or equations.
The (default) summary form shows the value of the gradient vector at the estimated parameter values (if valid estimates exist) or at the current coefficient values. Evaluating the gradients at current coefficient values allows you to examine the behavior of the objective function at starting values. The tabular form shows a spreadsheet view of the gradients for each observation. The graphical form shows this information in a multiple line graph.
Syntax
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Object View: |
object_name.grads(options) |
Options |
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g |
Display multiple graph showing the gradients of the |
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objective function with respect to the coefficients evalu- |
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ated at each observation (not available for systems). |
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t (default) |
Display spreadsheet view of the values of the gradients |
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of the objective function with respect to the coefficients |
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evaluated at each observation (not available for sys- |
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tems). |
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p |
Print results. |
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Examples |
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To show a summary view of the gradients:
eq1.grads
To display and print the table view:
eq1.grads(t, p)
Cross-references
See also derivs (p. 273), makederivs (p. 351), and makegrads (p. 353).
316—Appendix B. Command Reference
graph |
Object Declaration |
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Create named graph object containing the results of a graph command, or created when merging multiple graphs into a single graph.
Syntax
Command: graph graph_name.graph_command(options) arg1 [arg2 arg3 ...]
Command: graph graph_name.merge graph1 graph2 [graph3 ...]
Follow the keyword with a name for the graph, a period, and then a statement used to create a graph. There are two distinct forms of the command.
In the first form of the command, you create a graph using one of the graph commands, and then name the object using the specified name. The portion of the command given by,
graph_command(options) arg1 [arg2 arg3 ...]
should follow the form of one of the standard EViews graph commands:
area |
Area graph (area (p. 211)). |
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bar |
Bar graph (bar (p. 219)). |
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errbar |
Error bar graph (errbar (p. 287)). |
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hilo |
High-low(-open-close) graph (hilo (p. 320)). |
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line |
Line graph (line (p. 334)). |
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pie |
Pie graph (pie (p. 406)). |
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scat |
Scatterplot—same as XY, but lines are initially turned |
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off, symbols turned on, and a 3 × 3 frame is used |
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(scat (p. 435)). |
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spike |
Spike graph (spike (p. 479)). |
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xy |
XY line-symbol graph with one X plotted against one or |
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more Y’s using existing line-symbol settings (xy |
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(p. 556)). |
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xyline |
Same as XY, but symbols are initially turned off, lines |
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turned on, and a 4 × 3 frame is used (xyline |
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(p. 558)). |
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xypair |
Same as XY but sets XY settings to display pairs of X |
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and Y plotted against each other (xypair (p. 561)). |
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group—317
In the second form of the command, you instruct EViews to merge the listed graphs into a single graph, and then name the graph object using the specified name.
Options
reset |
Resets all graph options to the global defaults. May be |
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used to remove existing customization of the graph. |
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pPrint the graph (for use when specified with a graph command).
Additional options will depend on the type of graph chosen. See the entry for each graph type for a list of the available options (for example, see bar (p. 219) for details on bar graphs).
Examples
graph gra1.line(s, p) gdp m1 inf
creates and prints a stacked line graph object named GRA1. This command is equivalent to running the command:
line(s, p) gdp m1 inf
freezing the view, and naming the graph GRA1.
graph mygra.merge gr_line gr_scat gr_pie
creates a multiple graph object named MYGRA that merges three graph objects named GR_LINE, GR_SCAT, and GR_PIE.
Cross-references
The graph object is described in greater detail in “Graph” (p. 161). See Chapter 14, “Graphs, Tables, and Text Objects”, on page 413 of the User’s Guide for a general discussion of graphs.
See also freeze (p. 303) and merge (p. 368).
group |
Object Declaration |
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Declare a group object containing a group of series.
Syntax
Command: group group_name ser1 ser2 [ser3 ...]
Follow the group name with a list of series to be included in the group.
318—Appendix B. Command Reference
Examples
group g1 gdp cpi inv
group g1 tb3 m1 gov
g1.add gdp cpi
The first line creates a group named G1 that contains three series GDP, CPI, and INV. The second line redeclares group G1 to contain the three series TB3, M1, and GOV. The third line adds two series GDP and CPI to group G1 to make a total of five series. See add
(p. 198).
group rhs d1 d2 d3 d4 gdp(0 to -4)
ls cons rhs
ls cons c rhs(6)
The first line creates a group named RHS that contains nine series. The second line runs a linear regression of CONS on the nine series in RHS. The third line runs a linear regression of CONS on C and only the sixth series GDP(-1) of RHS.
Cross-references
See “Group” on page 163 for a complete description of the group object. See also Chapter 12, “Groups”, on page 364 of the User’s Guide for additional discussion.
See also add (p. 198) and drop (p. 281).
hconvert Command
Convert an entire Haver Analytics Database into an EViews database.
Syntax
Command: hconvert haver_path db_name
You must have a Haver Analytics database installed on your computer to use this feature.
You must also create an EViews database to store the converted Haver data before you use this command.
Be aware that this command may be very time-consuming.
Follow the command by a full path name to the Haver database and the name of an existing EViews database to store the Haver database. You can include a path name to the EViews database not in the default path.
Examples
dbcreate hdata