- •Table of Contents
- •Chapter 1. Introduction
- •Using Commands
- •Batch Program Use
- •How to Use this Manual
- •Chapter 2. Object and Command Basics
- •Object Declaration
- •Object Commands
- •Object Assignment
- •More on Object Declaration
- •Auxiliary Commands
- •Managing Workfiles and Databases
- •Managing Objects
- •Basic Command Summary
- •Chapter 3. Matrix Language
- •Declaring Matrices
- •Assigning Matrix Values
- •Copying Data Between Objects
- •Matrix Expressions
- •Matrix Commands and Functions
- •Matrix Views and Procs
- •Matrix Operations versus Loop Operations
- •Summary of Automatic Resizing of Matrix Objects
- •Matrix Function and Command Summary
- •Chapter 4. Working with Tables
- •Creating a Table
- •Assigning Table Values
- •Customizing Tables
- •Labeling Tables
- •Printing Tables
- •Exporting Tables to Files
- •Customizing Spreadsheet Views
- •Table Summary
- •Chapter 5. Working with Graphs
- •Creating a Graph
- •Changing Graph Types
- •Customizing a Graph
- •Labeling Graphs
- •Printing Graphs
- •Exporting Graphs to Files
- •Graph Summary
- •Chapter 6. EViews Programming
- •Program Basics
- •Simple Programs
- •Program Variables
- •Program Modes
- •Program Arguments
- •Control of Execution
- •Multiple Program Files
- •Subroutines
- •Programming Summary
- •Chapter 7. Strings and Dates
- •Strings
- •Dates
- •Appendix A. Object, View and Procedure Reference
- •Alpha
- •Coef
- •Equation
- •Graph
- •Group
- •Link
- •Logl
- •Matrix
- •Model
- •Pool
- •Rowvector
- •Sample
- •Scalar
- •Series
- •Sspace
- •System
- •Table
- •Text
- •Valmap
- •Vector
- •Appendix B. Command Reference
- •addassign
- •addinit
- •addtext
- •align
- •alpha
- •append
- •arch
- •archtest
- •area
- •arlm
- •arma
- •arroots
- •auto
- •axis
- •bdstest
- •binary
- •block
- •boxplot
- •boxplotby
- •bplabel
- •cause
- •ccopy
- •cdfplot
- •cellipse
- •censored
- •cfetch
- •chdir
- •checkderivs
- •chow
- •clabel
- •cleartext
- •close
- •coef
- •coefcov
- •coint
- •comment
- •control
- •copy
- •correl
- •correlsq
- •count
- •create
- •cross
- •data
- •datelabel
- •dates
- •dbcopy
- •dbcreate
- •dbdelete
- •dbopen
- •dbpack
- •dbrebuild
- •dbrename
- •dbrepair
- •decomp
- •define
- •delete
- •derivs
- •describe
- •displayname
- •draw
- •drawdefault
- •driconvert
- •drop
- •dtable
- •edftest
- •endog
- •equation
- •errbar
- •exclude
- •exit
- •expand
- •fetch
- •fill
- •fiml
- •fixedtest
- •forecast
- •freeze
- •freq
- •frml
- •garch
- •genr
- •grads
- •graph
- •group
- •hconvert
- •hfetch
- •hilo
- •hist
- •hlabel
- •impulse
- •jbera
- •kdensity
- •kerfit
- •label
- •laglen
- •legend
- •line
- •linefit
- •link
- •linkto
- •load
- •logit
- •logl
- •makecoint
- •makederivs
- •makeendog
- •makefilter
- •makegarch
- •makegrads
- •makegraph
- •makegroup
- •makelimits
- •makemap
- •makemodel
- •makeregs
- •makeresids
- •makesignals
- •makestates
- •makestats
- •makesystem
- •matrix
- •means
- •merge
- •metafile
- •model
- •name
- •nnfit
- •open
- •options
- •ordered
- •output
- •override
- •pageappend
- •pagecontract
- •pagecopy
- •pagecreate
- •pagedelete
- •pageload
- •pagerename
- •pagesave
- •pageselect
- •pagestack
- •pagestruct
- •pageunstack
- •param
- •pcomp
- •plot
- •pool
- •predict
- •probit
- •program
- •qqplot
- •qstats
- •range
- •ranhaus
- •read
- •rename
- •representations
- •resample
- •reset
- •residcor
- •residcov
- •resids
- •results
- •rndint
- •rndseed
- •rowvector
- •sample
- •save
- •scalar
- •scale
- •scat
- •scatmat
- •scenario
- •seas
- •seasplot
- •series
- •setbpelem
- •setcell
- •setcolwidth
- •setconvert
- •setelem
- •setfillcolor
- •setfont
- •setformat
- •setheight
- •setindent
- •setjust
- •setline
- •setlines
- •setmerge
- •settextcolor
- •setwidth
- •sheet
- •show
- •signalgraphs
- •smooth
- •smpl
- •solve
- •solveopt
- •sort
- •spec
- •spike
- •sspace
- •statby
- •stategraphs
- •statefinal
- •stateinit
- •stats
- •statusline
- •stom
- •stomna
- •store
- •structure
- •svar
- •system
- •table
- •template
- •testadd
- •testbtw
- •testby
- •testdrop
- •testexog
- •testfit
- •testlags
- •teststat
- •text
- •textdefault
- •trace
- •tramoseats
- •tsls
- •unlink
- •update
- •updatecoefs
- •uroot
- •usage
- •valmap
- •vars
- •vector
- •wald
- •wfcreate
- •wfopen
- •wfsave
- •wfselect
- •white
- •workfile
- •write
- •wtsls
- •xyline
- •xypair
- •Appendix C. Special Expression Reference
- •@expand
- •nrnd
- •Appendix D. Operator and Function Reference
- •Operators
- •Basic Mathematical Functions
- •Time Series Functions
- •Descriptive Statistics
- •By-Group Statistics
- •Special Functions
- •Trigonometric Functions
- •Statistical Distribution Functions
- •Appendix E. Workfile Functions
- •Basic Workfile Information
- •Dated Workfile Information
- •Panel Workfile Functions
- •Appendix F. String and Date Function Reference
- •@dateadd
- •@datediff
- •@datefloor
- •@datepart
- •@datestr
- •@dateval
- •@dtoo
- •@eqna
- •@insert
- •@instr
- •@isempty
- •@left
- •@len, @length
- •@lower
- •@ltrim
- •@makedate
- •@neqna
- •@otod
- •@replace
- •@right
- •@rtrim
- •@strdate
- •@strlen
- •@strnow
- •@trim
- •@upper
- •Appendix G. Matrix Reference
- •@cholesky
- •colplace
- •@columnextract
- •@columns
- •@cond
- •@convert
- •@eigenvalues
- •@eigenvectors
- •@explode
- •@filledmatrix
- •@filledrowvector
- •@filledsym
- •@filledvector
- •@getmaindiagonal
- •@identity
- •@implode
- •@inner
- •@inverse
- •@issingular
- •@kronecker
- •@makediagonal
- •matplace
- •mtos
- •@norm
- •@outer
- •@permute
- •@rank
- •@resample
- •@rowextract
- •rowplace
- •@rows
- •@solvesystem
- •stom
- •stomna
- •@subextract
- •@trace
- •@transpose
- •@unitvector
- •@vech
- •Appendix H. Programming Language Reference
- •call
- •@date
- •else
- •endif
- •endsub
- •@errorcount
- •@evpath
- •exitloop
- •include
- •@isobject
- •next
- •open
- •output
- •poff
- •program
- •return
- •statusline
- •step
- •stop
- •subroutine
- •@temppath
- •then
- •@time
- •wend
- •while
- •Index
- •Symbols
- •% (percent sign)
- •+ (plus)
- •addition 35
- •@crossid 593
- •@date 148, 590, 633
- •@eqna 124, 575, 599
- •@-functions
- •@inner 578, 619
- •@insert 126, 600
- •@instr 124, 600
- •@inverse 620
- •@isempty 124, 601
- •@isna 575
- •@isobject 637
- •@isperiod 591
- •@issingular 620
- •@kronecker 620
- •@kurtsby 580
- •@last 474
- •@lastmax 474
- •@lastmin 474
- •@left 125, 601, 606
- •@length 124, 602
- •@logit 583
- •@logx 576
- •@lower 127, 602
- •@ltrim 126, 602
- •@makedate 142, 603
- •@makediagonal 621
- •@maxsby 579
- •@meansby 579
- •@median 578
- •@mediansby 579
- •@minsby 579
- •@month 148, 591
- •@movav 576
- •@movsum 576
- •@nasby 580
- •@neqna 125, 575, 604
- •@ngroups 580
- •@norm 623
- •@obsby 579
- •@obsid 593
- •@obsnum 589
- •@obsrange 590
- •@obssmpl 590
- •@otod 128, 605
- •@outer 623
- •@pcha 577
- •@pchy 577
- •@permute 624
- •@quantile 579
- •@quantilesby 580
- •@quarter 148, 591
- •@rank 624
- •@recode 576
- •@replace 126, 605
- •@resample 625
- •@RGB specification of colors 454
- •@right 126
- •@round 576
- •@rowextract 625
- •@rows 626
- •@rtrim 126, 606
- •@seas 591
- •@skewsby 580
- •@solvesystem 626
- •@sqrt 576
- •@stdev 579
- •@stdevsby 579
- •@strdate 128, 148, 591, 607
- •@strlen 607
- •@strnow 128, 607
- •@subextract 628
- •@sumsby 579
- •@sumsq 579
- •@sumsqsby 579
- •@temppath 641
- •_ (continuation character) 84
- •Numerics
- •Add factor
- •align 203
- •views 154
- •Alpha series
- •append 205
- •ARCH
- •Arguments
- •in programs 98
- •ARMA
- •ASCII file
- •open as workfile 532
- •Autocorrelation
- •Autogressive error. See AR.
- •Autowrap text 83
- •Axis
- •rename label 371
- •axis 217
- •Beta
- •Binary
- •Binomial
- •customize 231
- •Breusch-Godfrey test
- •call 633
- •Cell
- •censored 238
- •Cholesky factor
- •Chow test 241
- •Close
- •Coefficient
- •See Coef.
- •update default coef vector 521
- •Cointegration
- •Color
- •Column
- •extract from matrix 612
- •stack matrix 630
- •Conditional standard deviation
- •Conditional variance
- •Control variable 88
- •Convert
- •date to observation number 599
- •matrix to sym 618
- •Coordinates
- •Copy
- •cross 260
- •matrix 259
- •Create
- •Cross section member
- •of squares 424
- •Data
- •Database
- •Date
- •Dates
- •current date and time 147
- •string representation 598
- •Declare
- •Delete
- •Derivatives
- •Directory
- •Distribution function
- •DRI database
- •fetch series 239
- •Drop
- •group series or cross-section from pool definition 281
- •Eigenvalues 615
- •Element
- •else 634
- •Error correction model
- •Errors
- •exclude 289
- •Exclude variables from model solution 289
- •Exit
- •Exponential
- •Export
- •matrix 41
- •Extract
- •row vector 625
- •Files
- •Fill
- •Filled
- •Fixed effects
- •For loop
- •Forecast
- •Freeze
- •frml 306
- •Full information maximum likelihood 296
- •GARCH
- •Gauss file 532
- •Gaussian distribution 586
- •Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity
- •Generate series
- •Gompit models 222
- •Gradients
- •display 315
- •create 59
- •high-low-open-close 320
- •pie graph 406
- •XY graph 556
- •graph 316
- •greater than comparison 36
- •add series 198
- •group 317
- •Hausman test 413
- •hconvert 318
- •HTML
- •If statement 100
- •Include
- •Inverse of matrix 620
- •Jarque-Bera
- •Johansen cointegration test 245
- •Kernel
- •label 330
- •specify as range 643
- •Lagrange multiplier
- •Legend
- •line 334
- •Link object
- •Local
- •Logistic
- •logl 344
- •Loop
- •exit loop 108, 635
- •Lotus file
- •Matrix
- •resample rows from 625
- •matrix 366
- •Maximum 578
- •Median 578
- •Merge
- •Messages
- •model solution 371
- •Model 170
- •Models
- •block structure 223
- •solve 475
- •Multiplication operator (*) 35
- •Negative binomial
- •Number
- •evaluate a string 608
- •Numbers
- •converting from strings 124
- •store 16, 490
- •Open
- •database 266
- •Output
- •Output redirection 638
- •override 382
- •Override variables in model solution 382
- •Page
- •resize 399
- •Panel
- •Panel data
- •Percent change
- •Poisson
- •Pool 171
- •declare 408
- •delete identifiers 272
- •pool 408
- •portrait 8
- •probit 410
- •create 83
- •open 84
- •P-value functions 587
- •QQ-plot
- •Quantile function 579
- •Random effects
- •Random number
- •Read
- •Recode values 576
- •Regressors
- •Rename
- •Resample
- •Residuals
- •Results
- •return 639
- •height 50
- •Run program
- •multiple files 108
- •Sample
- •set current 474
- •Save
- •with kernel fit 329
- •scenario 438
- •seas 440
- •Second moment matrix 619
- •declare 442
- •formula 306
- •show 470
- •Signal variables
- •Singular matrix
- •test for 620
- •Smoothing
- •Solve
- •linear system 626
- •sort 478
- •Sspace
- •declare 482
- •procs 180
- •State space
- •State variables
- •display graphs of 484
- •Static forecast 297
- •insert string into 600
- •relational comparison 121
- •String variable 89
- •in for loop 104
- •return from 109, 639
- •Symmetric matrix
- •declare 497
- •Table 187
- •text color 54
- •Test
- •Chow 241
- •for ARCH 210
- •mean, median, variance equality 501
- •mean, median, variance equality by classification 502
- •Text file
- •Then 642
- •Time
- •current as string 607
- •trace 512
- •Trigonometric functions 583
- •Uniform distribution 587
- •Valmap 189
- •vector 529
- •Verbose mode 85
- •append contents of workfile page to current page 383
- •close 12
- •contract page 385
- •create 260
- •end date of observation interval 590
- •open existing 12, 532
- •period indicators 591
- •save 12, 540
- •stack page 396
- •Write
- •wtsls 547
- •xypair 561
options—375
options |
Graph Proc |
|
|
Set options for a graph object.
Allows you to change the option settings of an existing graph object. When options is used with a multiple graph, the options are applied to all graphs.
Syntax
Graph Proc: |
graph_name.options option_list |
Note: the syntax of the options proc has changed considerably from version 3.1 of EViews. While not documented here, the EViews 3 options are still (for the most part) supported. However, we do not recommend using the old options, as future support is not guaranteed.
Options
Basic Graph Options
size(w, h) |
Specifies the size of the plotting frame in virtual inches |
|
(w=width, h=height). |
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lineauto |
Use solid lines when drawing in color and use patterns |
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and grayscale when drawing in black and white. |
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linesolid |
Always use solid lines. |
|
|
linepat |
Always use line patterns. |
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color / -color |
Specifies that lines/filled areas [use / do not use] color. |
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Note that if the “lineauto” option option is specified, |
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this choice will also influence the type of line or filled |
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area drawn on screen: if color is specified, solid colored |
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lines and filled areas will be drawn; if color is turned |
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off, lines will be drawn using black and white line pat- |
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terns, and gray scales will be used for filled areas. |
|
|
barlabelabove / |
[Place / Do not place] text value of data above bar in |
-barlabelabove |
bar graph. |
|
|
barlabelinside / |
[Place / Do not place] text value of data inside bar in |
-barlabelinside |
bar graph. |
|
|
outlinebars / |
[Outline / Do not outline] bars in a bar graph. |
-outlinebars |
|
376—Appendix B. Command Reference
outlinearea / -outlinearea
barspace / -barspace
pielabel / -pielabel
Graph Grid Options
gridl / -gridl gridr / -gridr gridv / -gridv gridcolor(arg)
gridwidth(n)
gridpat(index)
[Outline / Do not outline] areas in an area graph.
[Put / Do not put] space between bars in bar graph.
[Place / Do not place] text value of data in pie chart.
[Turn on / Turn off] grid lines on the left scale.
[Turn on / Turn off] grid lines on the right scale.
[Turn on / Turn off] grid lines on the vertical scale.
Sets the grid line color. arg may be one of the predefined color keywords, or it may be made up of n1, n2, n3, a set of three integers from 0 to 255, representing the RGB values of the color. For a description of the available color keywords (“blue”, “red”, “green”, “black”, “white”, “purple”, “orange”, “yellow”, “gray”, “ltgray”), see setfillcolor (p. 453).
Sets the width of the grid lines in points. n should be a number between 0.25 and 5.
Sets the line pattern for grid lines to the type specified by index. index can be an integer from 1 to 12 or one of the matching keywords (“solid”, “dash1” through “dash10”, “none”). See setelem (p. 449) for a description of the available patterns. The “none” keyword turns on solid lines.
Background and Frame Options
fillcolor(arg) |
Sets the fill color of the graph frame. arg may be one of |
|
the predefined color keywords, or it may be made up of |
|
n1, n2, n3, a set of three integers from 0 to 255, repre- |
|
senting the RGB values of the color. For a description of |
|
the available color keywords (“blue”, “red”, “green”, |
|
“black”, “white”, “purple”, “orange”, “yellow”, “gray”, |
|
“ltgray”), see setfillcolor (p. 453). |
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|
options—377 |
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|
backcolor(arg) |
Sets the background color of the graph. arg may be one |
|
|
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of the predefined color keywords, or it may be made up |
|
|
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of n1, n2, n3, a set of three integers from 0 to 255, rep- |
|
|
|
resenting the RGB values of the color. For a description |
|
|
|
of the available color keywords (“blue”, “red”, “green”, |
|
|
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“black”, “white”, “purple”, “orange”, “yellow”, “gray”, |
|
|
|
“ltgray”), see setfillcolor (p. 453). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
framecolor(arg) |
Sets the background color of the graph frame. arg may |
|
|
|
be one of the predefined color keywords, or it may be |
|
|
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made up of n1, n2, n3, a set of three integers from 0 to |
|
|
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255, representing the RGB values of the color. For a |
|
|
|
description of the available color keywords (“blue”, |
|
|
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“red”, “green”, “black”, “white”, “purple”, “orange”, |
|
|
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“yellow”, “gray”, “ltgray”), see setfillcolor |
|
|
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(p. 453). |
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framewidth(n) |
Sets the width of the graph frame in points. n should be |
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a number between 0.25 and 5. |
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frameaxes(arg) |
Specifies which frame axes to display. arg may be one |
|
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of the keywords: “all”, “none”, or “labeled” (all axes |
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|
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that have labels), or any combination of letters “l” |
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(left), “r” (right), “t” (top), and “b” (bottom), e.g. “lrt” |
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for left, right and top. |
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indenth(n) |
Sets the horizontal indentation of the graph from the |
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|
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graph frame in virtual inches. n should be a number |
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|
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between 0 and 0.75. |
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|
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indentv(n) |
Sets the vertical indentation of the graph from the graph |
|
|
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frame in virtual inches. n should be a number between |
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0 and 0.75. |
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background / |
[Include / Do not include] the background color when |
|
|
-background |
exporting or printing the graph. |
The options which support the “-” may be proceeded by a “+” or “-” indicating whether to turn on or off the option. The “+” is optional.
Data labels in bar and pie graphs will only be visible when there is sufficient space in the graph.
378—Appendix B. Command Reference
Examples
graph1.option size(4,4) +inbox color
sets GRAPH1 to use a 4 × 4 frame enclosed in a box. The graph will use color.
graph1.option linepat -color size(2,8) -inbox
sets GRAPH1 to use a 2 × 8 frame with no box. The graph does not use color, with the lines instead being displayed using patterns.
graph1.option fillcolor(gray) backcolor(192, 192, 192) framecolor(blue)
sets the fill color of the graph frame to gray, the background color of the graph to the RGB values 192, 192, and 192, and the graph frame color to blue.
graph1.option gridpat(3) gridl -gridv
isplay left scale grid lines using line pattern 3 (“dash2”) and turn off display of vertical grid lines.
graph1.option indenth(.5) frameaxes(lb) framewidth(.5) gridwidth(.25)
indents the graph .5 virtual inches from the frame, displays left and bottom frame axes of width .5 points, and sets the gridline width to .25 points.
Cross-references
See Chapter 14, “Graphs, Tables, and Text Objects”, on page 413 of the User’s Guide for a discussion of graph options in EViews.
See also axis (p. 217), datelabel (p. 262), scale (p. 433), setelem (p. 449), and setfillcolor (p. 453).
ordered |
Command || Equation Method |
|
|
Estimation of ordered dependent variable models.
Syntax
Command: ordered(options) y x1 [x2 x3 ...]
Equation Method: equation name.ordered(options) y x1 [x2 x3 ...]
When used as an equation procedure, ordered estimates the model and saves the results as an equation object with the given name.
ordered—379
Options
d=arg |
Specify likelihood: normal likelihood function, ordered |
(default=“n”) |
probit (“n” ), logistic likelihood function, ordered logit |
|
(“l”), Type I extreme value likelihood function, ordered |
|
Gompit (“x”). |
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q (default) |
Use quadratic hill climbing as the maximization algo- |
|
rithm. |
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|
r |
Use Newton-Raphson as the maximization algorithm. |
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bUse Berndt-Hall-Hall-Hausman as maximization algorithm.
h |
Quasi-maximum likelihood (QML) standard errors. |
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g |
GLM standard errors. |
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|
m=integer |
Set maximum number of iterations. |
|
|
c=scalar |
Set convergence criterion. The criterion is based upon |
|
the maximum of the percentage changes in the scaled |
|
coefficients. |
sUse the current coefficient values in C as starting values.
s=number |
Specify a number between zero and one to determine |
|
starting values as a fraction of preliminary EViews |
|
default values (out of range values are set to “s=1”). |
|
|
showopts / |
[Do / do not] display the starting coefficient values and |
-showopts |
estimation options in the estimation output. |
|
|
deriv=keyword |
Set derivative methods. The argument keyword should |
|
be a oneor two-letter string. The first letter should |
|
either be “f” or “a” corresponding to fast or accurate |
|
numeric derivatives (if used). The second letter should |
|
be either “n” (always use numeric) or “a” (use analytic |
|
if possible). If omitted, EViews will use the global |
|
defaults. |
|
|
p |
Print results. |
|
|
If you choose to employ user specified starting values, the parameters corresponding to the limit points must be in ascending order.