- •Table of Contents
- •Chapter 1. Introduction
- •Using Commands
- •Batch Program Use
- •How to Use this Manual
- •Chapter 2. Object and Command Basics
- •Object Declaration
- •Object Commands
- •Object Assignment
- •More on Object Declaration
- •Auxiliary Commands
- •Managing Workfiles and Databases
- •Managing Objects
- •Basic Command Summary
- •Chapter 3. Matrix Language
- •Declaring Matrices
- •Assigning Matrix Values
- •Copying Data Between Objects
- •Matrix Expressions
- •Matrix Commands and Functions
- •Matrix Views and Procs
- •Matrix Operations versus Loop Operations
- •Summary of Automatic Resizing of Matrix Objects
- •Matrix Function and Command Summary
- •Chapter 4. Working with Tables
- •Creating a Table
- •Assigning Table Values
- •Customizing Tables
- •Labeling Tables
- •Printing Tables
- •Exporting Tables to Files
- •Customizing Spreadsheet Views
- •Table Summary
- •Chapter 5. Working with Graphs
- •Creating a Graph
- •Changing Graph Types
- •Customizing a Graph
- •Labeling Graphs
- •Printing Graphs
- •Exporting Graphs to Files
- •Graph Summary
- •Chapter 6. EViews Programming
- •Program Basics
- •Simple Programs
- •Program Variables
- •Program Modes
- •Program Arguments
- •Control of Execution
- •Multiple Program Files
- •Subroutines
- •Programming Summary
- •Chapter 7. Strings and Dates
- •Strings
- •Dates
- •Appendix A. Object, View and Procedure Reference
- •Alpha
- •Coef
- •Equation
- •Graph
- •Group
- •Link
- •Logl
- •Matrix
- •Model
- •Pool
- •Rowvector
- •Sample
- •Scalar
- •Series
- •Sspace
- •System
- •Table
- •Text
- •Valmap
- •Vector
- •Appendix B. Command Reference
- •addassign
- •addinit
- •addtext
- •align
- •alpha
- •append
- •arch
- •archtest
- •area
- •arlm
- •arma
- •arroots
- •auto
- •axis
- •bdstest
- •binary
- •block
- •boxplot
- •boxplotby
- •bplabel
- •cause
- •ccopy
- •cdfplot
- •cellipse
- •censored
- •cfetch
- •chdir
- •checkderivs
- •chow
- •clabel
- •cleartext
- •close
- •coef
- •coefcov
- •coint
- •comment
- •control
- •copy
- •correl
- •correlsq
- •count
- •create
- •cross
- •data
- •datelabel
- •dates
- •dbcopy
- •dbcreate
- •dbdelete
- •dbopen
- •dbpack
- •dbrebuild
- •dbrename
- •dbrepair
- •decomp
- •define
- •delete
- •derivs
- •describe
- •displayname
- •draw
- •drawdefault
- •driconvert
- •drop
- •dtable
- •edftest
- •endog
- •equation
- •errbar
- •exclude
- •exit
- •expand
- •fetch
- •fill
- •fiml
- •fixedtest
- •forecast
- •freeze
- •freq
- •frml
- •garch
- •genr
- •grads
- •graph
- •group
- •hconvert
- •hfetch
- •hilo
- •hist
- •hlabel
- •impulse
- •jbera
- •kdensity
- •kerfit
- •label
- •laglen
- •legend
- •line
- •linefit
- •link
- •linkto
- •load
- •logit
- •logl
- •makecoint
- •makederivs
- •makeendog
- •makefilter
- •makegarch
- •makegrads
- •makegraph
- •makegroup
- •makelimits
- •makemap
- •makemodel
- •makeregs
- •makeresids
- •makesignals
- •makestates
- •makestats
- •makesystem
- •matrix
- •means
- •merge
- •metafile
- •model
- •name
- •nnfit
- •open
- •options
- •ordered
- •output
- •override
- •pageappend
- •pagecontract
- •pagecopy
- •pagecreate
- •pagedelete
- •pageload
- •pagerename
- •pagesave
- •pageselect
- •pagestack
- •pagestruct
- •pageunstack
- •param
- •pcomp
- •plot
- •pool
- •predict
- •probit
- •program
- •qqplot
- •qstats
- •range
- •ranhaus
- •read
- •rename
- •representations
- •resample
- •reset
- •residcor
- •residcov
- •resids
- •results
- •rndint
- •rndseed
- •rowvector
- •sample
- •save
- •scalar
- •scale
- •scat
- •scatmat
- •scenario
- •seas
- •seasplot
- •series
- •setbpelem
- •setcell
- •setcolwidth
- •setconvert
- •setelem
- •setfillcolor
- •setfont
- •setformat
- •setheight
- •setindent
- •setjust
- •setline
- •setlines
- •setmerge
- •settextcolor
- •setwidth
- •sheet
- •show
- •signalgraphs
- •smooth
- •smpl
- •solve
- •solveopt
- •sort
- •spec
- •spike
- •sspace
- •statby
- •stategraphs
- •statefinal
- •stateinit
- •stats
- •statusline
- •stom
- •stomna
- •store
- •structure
- •svar
- •system
- •table
- •template
- •testadd
- •testbtw
- •testby
- •testdrop
- •testexog
- •testfit
- •testlags
- •teststat
- •text
- •textdefault
- •trace
- •tramoseats
- •tsls
- •unlink
- •update
- •updatecoefs
- •uroot
- •usage
- •valmap
- •vars
- •vector
- •wald
- •wfcreate
- •wfopen
- •wfsave
- •wfselect
- •white
- •workfile
- •write
- •wtsls
- •xyline
- •xypair
- •Appendix C. Special Expression Reference
- •@expand
- •nrnd
- •Appendix D. Operator and Function Reference
- •Operators
- •Basic Mathematical Functions
- •Time Series Functions
- •Descriptive Statistics
- •By-Group Statistics
- •Special Functions
- •Trigonometric Functions
- •Statistical Distribution Functions
- •Appendix E. Workfile Functions
- •Basic Workfile Information
- •Dated Workfile Information
- •Panel Workfile Functions
- •Appendix F. String and Date Function Reference
- •@dateadd
- •@datediff
- •@datefloor
- •@datepart
- •@datestr
- •@dateval
- •@dtoo
- •@eqna
- •@insert
- •@instr
- •@isempty
- •@left
- •@len, @length
- •@lower
- •@ltrim
- •@makedate
- •@neqna
- •@otod
- •@replace
- •@right
- •@rtrim
- •@strdate
- •@strlen
- •@strnow
- •@trim
- •@upper
- •Appendix G. Matrix Reference
- •@cholesky
- •colplace
- •@columnextract
- •@columns
- •@cond
- •@convert
- •@eigenvalues
- •@eigenvectors
- •@explode
- •@filledmatrix
- •@filledrowvector
- •@filledsym
- •@filledvector
- •@getmaindiagonal
- •@identity
- •@implode
- •@inner
- •@inverse
- •@issingular
- •@kronecker
- •@makediagonal
- •matplace
- •mtos
- •@norm
- •@outer
- •@permute
- •@rank
- •@resample
- •@rowextract
- •rowplace
- •@rows
- •@solvesystem
- •stom
- •stomna
- •@subextract
- •@trace
- •@transpose
- •@unitvector
- •@vech
- •Appendix H. Programming Language Reference
- •call
- •@date
- •else
- •endif
- •endsub
- •@errorcount
- •@evpath
- •exitloop
- •include
- •@isobject
- •next
- •open
- •output
- •poff
- •program
- •return
- •statusline
- •step
- •stop
- •subroutine
- •@temppath
- •then
- •@time
- •wend
- •while
- •Index
- •Symbols
- •% (percent sign)
- •+ (plus)
- •addition 35
- •@crossid 593
- •@date 148, 590, 633
- •@eqna 124, 575, 599
- •@-functions
- •@inner 578, 619
- •@insert 126, 600
- •@instr 124, 600
- •@inverse 620
- •@isempty 124, 601
- •@isna 575
- •@isobject 637
- •@isperiod 591
- •@issingular 620
- •@kronecker 620
- •@kurtsby 580
- •@last 474
- •@lastmax 474
- •@lastmin 474
- •@left 125, 601, 606
- •@length 124, 602
- •@logit 583
- •@logx 576
- •@lower 127, 602
- •@ltrim 126, 602
- •@makedate 142, 603
- •@makediagonal 621
- •@maxsby 579
- •@meansby 579
- •@median 578
- •@mediansby 579
- •@minsby 579
- •@month 148, 591
- •@movav 576
- •@movsum 576
- •@nasby 580
- •@neqna 125, 575, 604
- •@ngroups 580
- •@norm 623
- •@obsby 579
- •@obsid 593
- •@obsnum 589
- •@obsrange 590
- •@obssmpl 590
- •@otod 128, 605
- •@outer 623
- •@pcha 577
- •@pchy 577
- •@permute 624
- •@quantile 579
- •@quantilesby 580
- •@quarter 148, 591
- •@rank 624
- •@recode 576
- •@replace 126, 605
- •@resample 625
- •@RGB specification of colors 454
- •@right 126
- •@round 576
- •@rowextract 625
- •@rows 626
- •@rtrim 126, 606
- •@seas 591
- •@skewsby 580
- •@solvesystem 626
- •@sqrt 576
- •@stdev 579
- •@stdevsby 579
- •@strdate 128, 148, 591, 607
- •@strlen 607
- •@strnow 128, 607
- •@subextract 628
- •@sumsby 579
- •@sumsq 579
- •@sumsqsby 579
- •@temppath 641
- •_ (continuation character) 84
- •Numerics
- •Add factor
- •align 203
- •views 154
- •Alpha series
- •append 205
- •ARCH
- •Arguments
- •in programs 98
- •ARMA
- •ASCII file
- •open as workfile 532
- •Autocorrelation
- •Autogressive error. See AR.
- •Autowrap text 83
- •Axis
- •rename label 371
- •axis 217
- •Beta
- •Binary
- •Binomial
- •customize 231
- •Breusch-Godfrey test
- •call 633
- •Cell
- •censored 238
- •Cholesky factor
- •Chow test 241
- •Close
- •Coefficient
- •See Coef.
- •update default coef vector 521
- •Cointegration
- •Color
- •Column
- •extract from matrix 612
- •stack matrix 630
- •Conditional standard deviation
- •Conditional variance
- •Control variable 88
- •Convert
- •date to observation number 599
- •matrix to sym 618
- •Coordinates
- •Copy
- •cross 260
- •matrix 259
- •Create
- •Cross section member
- •of squares 424
- •Data
- •Database
- •Date
- •Dates
- •current date and time 147
- •string representation 598
- •Declare
- •Delete
- •Derivatives
- •Directory
- •Distribution function
- •DRI database
- •fetch series 239
- •Drop
- •group series or cross-section from pool definition 281
- •Eigenvalues 615
- •Element
- •else 634
- •Error correction model
- •Errors
- •exclude 289
- •Exclude variables from model solution 289
- •Exit
- •Exponential
- •Export
- •matrix 41
- •Extract
- •row vector 625
- •Files
- •Fill
- •Filled
- •Fixed effects
- •For loop
- •Forecast
- •Freeze
- •frml 306
- •Full information maximum likelihood 296
- •GARCH
- •Gauss file 532
- •Gaussian distribution 586
- •Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity
- •Generate series
- •Gompit models 222
- •Gradients
- •display 315
- •create 59
- •high-low-open-close 320
- •pie graph 406
- •XY graph 556
- •graph 316
- •greater than comparison 36
- •add series 198
- •group 317
- •Hausman test 413
- •hconvert 318
- •HTML
- •If statement 100
- •Include
- •Inverse of matrix 620
- •Jarque-Bera
- •Johansen cointegration test 245
- •Kernel
- •label 330
- •specify as range 643
- •Lagrange multiplier
- •Legend
- •line 334
- •Link object
- •Local
- •Logistic
- •logl 344
- •Loop
- •exit loop 108, 635
- •Lotus file
- •Matrix
- •resample rows from 625
- •matrix 366
- •Maximum 578
- •Median 578
- •Merge
- •Messages
- •model solution 371
- •Model 170
- •Models
- •block structure 223
- •solve 475
- •Multiplication operator (*) 35
- •Negative binomial
- •Number
- •evaluate a string 608
- •Numbers
- •converting from strings 124
- •store 16, 490
- •Open
- •database 266
- •Output
- •Output redirection 638
- •override 382
- •Override variables in model solution 382
- •Page
- •resize 399
- •Panel
- •Panel data
- •Percent change
- •Poisson
- •Pool 171
- •declare 408
- •delete identifiers 272
- •pool 408
- •portrait 8
- •probit 410
- •create 83
- •open 84
- •P-value functions 587
- •QQ-plot
- •Quantile function 579
- •Random effects
- •Random number
- •Read
- •Recode values 576
- •Regressors
- •Rename
- •Resample
- •Residuals
- •Results
- •return 639
- •height 50
- •Run program
- •multiple files 108
- •Sample
- •set current 474
- •Save
- •with kernel fit 329
- •scenario 438
- •seas 440
- •Second moment matrix 619
- •declare 442
- •formula 306
- •show 470
- •Signal variables
- •Singular matrix
- •test for 620
- •Smoothing
- •Solve
- •linear system 626
- •sort 478
- •Sspace
- •declare 482
- •procs 180
- •State space
- •State variables
- •display graphs of 484
- •Static forecast 297
- •insert string into 600
- •relational comparison 121
- •String variable 89
- •in for loop 104
- •return from 109, 639
- •Symmetric matrix
- •declare 497
- •Table 187
- •text color 54
- •Test
- •Chow 241
- •for ARCH 210
- •mean, median, variance equality 501
- •mean, median, variance equality by classification 502
- •Text file
- •Then 642
- •Time
- •current as string 607
- •trace 512
- •Trigonometric functions 583
- •Uniform distribution 587
- •Valmap 189
- •vector 529
- •Verbose mode 85
- •append contents of workfile page to current page 383
- •close 12
- •contract page 385
- •create 260
- •end date of observation interval 590
- •open existing 12, 532
- •period indicators 591
- •save 12, 540
- •stack page 396
- •Write
- •wtsls 547
- •xypair 561
332—Appendix B. Command Reference
The “mname=” option stores a q × 6 matrix, where q = m + 1 if there are no exogenous variables in the VAR; otherwise q = m + 2 . The first ( q − 1 ) rows contain the information displayed in the table view, following the same order. The saved matrix has an additional row which contains the lag order selected from each column criterion. The first column (corresponding to the log likelihood values) of the last row is always an NA.
Examples
var var1.ls 1 6 lgdp lm1 lcpi
show var1.laglen(12,vname=v1)
The first line declares and estimates a VAR. The second line computes the lag length criteria up to a maximum of 12 lags and stores the selected lag orders in a vector named V1.
Cross-references
See Chapter 24, “Vector Autoregression and Error Correction Models”, on page 719 of the User’s Guide for a discussion of the various criteria and other VAR diagnostics.
See also testlags (p. 506).
legend |
Graph Proc |
|
|
Set legend appearance and placement in graphs.
When legend is used with a multiple graph, the legend settings apply to all graphs. See setelem (p. 449) for setting legends for individual graphs in a multiple graph.
Syntax
Graph Proc: |
graph_name.legend option_list |
Note: the syntax of the legend proc has changed considerably from version 3.1 of EViews. While not documented here, the EViews 3 options are still (for the most part) supported. However, we do not recommend using the old options as future support is not guaranteed.
Options
columns(arg) Columns for legend: “auto” (automatically choose num- (default=“auto”) ber of columns), int (put legend in specified number of
columns).
display/–display |
Display/do not display the legend. |
|
|
inbox/–inbox |
Put legend in box/remove box around legend. |
|
|
legend—333
position(arg)
font([face], [pt], [+/- b], [+/- i], [+/- u], [+/- s])
textcolor(arg)
fillcolor(arg)
framecolor(arg)
Position for legend: “left” or ”l” (place legend on left side of graph), “right” or “r” (place legend on right side of graph), “botleft” or “bl” (place left-justified legend below graph), “botcenter” or “bc” (place centered legend below graph), “botright” or “br” (place right-justi- fied legend below graph), “(h, v)” (the first number h specifies the number of virtual inches to offset to the right from the origin. The second number v specifies the virtual inch offset below the origin. The origin is the upper left hand corner of the graph).
Set characteristics of legend font. The font name (face), size (pt), and characteristics are all optional. face should be a valid font name, enclosed in double quotes. pt. should be the font size in points. The remaining options specify whether to turn on/off boldface (b), italic (i), underline (u), and strikeout (s) styles.
Sets the color of the legend text. arg may be one of the predefined color keywords, or it may be made up of n1, n2, n3, a set of three integers from 0 to 255, representing the RGB values of the color. For a description of the available color keywords (“blue”, “red”, “green”, “black”, “white”, “purple”, “orange”, “yellow”, “gray”, “ltgray”), see setfillcolor (p. 453).
Sets the background fill color of the legend box. arg may be one of the predefined color keywords, or it may be made up of n1, n2, n3, a set of three integers from 0 to 255, representing the RGB values of the color. For a description of the available color keywords (“blue”, “red”, “green”, “black”, “white”, “purple”, “orange”, “yellow”, “gray”, “ltgray”), see setfillcolor
(p. 453).
Sets the color of the legend box frame. arg may be one of the predefined color keywords, or it may be made up of n1, n2, n3, a set of three integers from 0 to 255, representing the RGB values of the color. For a description of the available color keywords (“blue”, “red”, “green”, “black”, “white”, “purple”, “orange”, “yellow”, “gray”, “ltgray”), see setfillcolor (p. 453).
334—Appendix B. Command Reference
The options which support the “-” may be proceeded by a “+” or “-” indicating whether to turn on or off the option. The “+” is optional.
The default settings are taken from the global defaults.
Examples
mygra1.legend display position(l) inbox
places the legend of MYGRA1 in a box to the left of the graph.
mygra1.legend position(.2,.2) -inbox
places the legend of MYGRA1 within the graph, indented slightly from the upper left corner with no box surrounding the legend text.
mygra1.legend font("Times", 12, b, i) textcolor(red) fillcolor(blue) framecolor(blue)
sets the legend font to red “Times” 12pt bold italic, and changes both the legend fill and frame colors to blue.
Cross-references
See Chapter 14, “Graphs, Tables, and Text Objects”, on page 413 of the User’s Guide for a discussion of graph objects in EViews.
See addtext (p. 201) and textdefault (p. 508). See setelem (p. 449) for changing legend text and other graph options. See also “Graph” (p. 161) for a summary of the graph object command language.
line
Command || Coef View | Graph Command | Group View | Matrix View | Rowvector View | Series View | Sym View | Vector View
Display a line graph of object, or change existing graph object type to line plot.
The line graph view of a group plots all series in the group in a graph. The line graph view of a matrix plots each column in the matrix in a graph.
Syntax
Command: |
line(options) arg1 [arg2 arg3 ...] |
Object View: |
object_name.line(options) |
Graph Proc: |
graph_name.line(options) |
line—335
Options
Template and printing options
o= template |
Use appearance options from the specified template. |
|
template may be a predefined template keyword |
|
(‘default” - current global defaults, “classic”, “modern”, |
|
“reverse”, “midnight”, “spartan”, “monochrome”) or a |
|
graph in the workfile. |
|
|
t=graph_name |
Use appearance options and copy text and shading from |
|
the specified graph. |
|
|
b / -b |
[Apply / Remove] bold modifiers of the base template |
|
style specified using the “o=” option above. |
|
|
w / -w |
[Apply / Remove] wide modifiers of the base template |
|
style specified using the “o=” option above. |
|
|
p |
Print the line graph. |
|
|
The options which support the “-” may be proceeded by a “+” or “-” indicating whether to turn on or off the option. The “+” is optional.
Scale options (for multiple line views of group and matrix objects)
a (default) |
Automatic single scale. |
|
|
d |
Dual scaling with no crossing. The first series is scaled |
|
on the left and all other series are scaled on the right. |
|
|
x |
Dual scaling with possible crossing. See the “d” option. |
|
|
n |
Normalized scale (zero mean and unit standard devia- |
|
tion). May not be used with the “s” option. |
|
|
s |
Stacked line graph. Each area represents the cumulative |
|
total of the series listed. The difference between areas |
|
corresponds to the value of a series. May not be used |
|
with the “l” option. |
|
|
m |
Plot lines in multiple graphs (will override the “s” or “l” |
|
options). Not for use with an existing graph object. |
Panel options
The following options apply when graphing panel structured data:
336—Appendix B. Command Reference
panel=arg |
Panel data display: “stack” (stack the cross-sections), |
(default taken |
“individual” or “1” (separate graph for each cross-sec- |
from global settion), “combine” or “c” (combine each cross-section in
tings) |
single graph; one time axis), “mean” (plot means |
|
across cross-sections), “mean1se” (plot mean and +/- |
|
1 standard deviation summaries), “mean2sd” (plot |
|
mean and +/- 2 s.d. summaries), “mean3sd” (plot |
|
mean and +/- 3 s.d. summaries), “median” (plot |
|
median across cross-sections), “med25” (plot median |
|
and +/- .25 quantiles), “med10” (plot median and +/- |
|
.10 quantiles), “med05” (plot median +/- .05 quan- |
|
tiles), “med025” (plot median +/- .025 quantiles), |
|
“med005” (plot median +/- .005 quantiles), “med- |
|
mxmn” (plot median, max and min). |
Examples
group g1 gdp cons m1
g1.line(d)
plots line graphs of the three series in group G1 with dual scaling (no crossing). The latter two series will share the same scale.
matrix1.line(t=mygra)
displays line graphs of the columns of MATRIX1 using the graph object MYGRA as a template.
line(m) gdp cons m1
creates an untitled graph object that contains three line graphs of GDP, CONS, and M1, with each plotted separately.
g1.line(o=midnight, b, w)
creates a line graph of the group G1, using the settings of the predefined template “midnight”, applying the bold and wide modifiers.
Cross-references
See Chapter 14, “Graphs, Tables, and Text Objects”, on page 413 of the User’s Guide for a detailed discussion of graphs in EViews.
See also graph (p. 316) for graph declaration and other graph types.
