- •Введение
- •Chapter 1.Family. Home Text 1. Oleg Kirillov Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •1. Substitutional patterns:
- •2. Fill in the form:
- •3. Translate the following into English:
- •4. Act the following conversational situations:
- •5. Answer the questions on the text:
- •6. Speak about:
- •Text 2. Oleg’s family Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions on text 2:
- •2. A) Say all you know about the hair, eyes, lips, eyelashes, the nose, the forehead, the figure, the mouth.
- •3. Listen to the following statements and respond them.
- •4. Agree if the statements are true to life or disagree if they are not.
- •5. Describe your group mates, let the students guess who the person is:
- •Exercises
- •Text 2. The House of an Englishman Read the text and be ready to discuss the difference between an English house and a Belarusian one.
- •Chapter 2.Meals. Shopping Text 1. Meals Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •1. Oleg’s daily meals
- •2. At the University dining room
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •Text 2. Shopping in the uk Read the text and say why Marks & Spencerstore is famous all over the world.
- •Text 1. Oleg’s student life Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •1. About the University
- •2. Oleg’s studies
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •Text 2. An account of a typical day
- •At oxford University
- •Read the text about Christina’s studies at Oxford University.
- •Say what new information you have gained from the text.
- •Chapter 4. Free Time. Travelling Text 1. Oleg’s free time Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •1. Oleg’s day off
- •2. Oleg’s winter and summer holidays
- •Exercises
- •6. Ask your friend:
- •7. Translate into English:
- •8. Speak on the way you usually spend your day off‚ your winter and summer holidays
- •Text 2. The Kirillovs’ week-end
- •Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Study the following vocabulary before reading the text:
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •Text 2. Adventure holidays at Beacon Park Read the text with a dictionary and be ready to answer the questions that follow it.
- •Text 3. Travelling Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •1. A trip by air
- •2. A trip by railway
- •3. A sea voyage
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •Text 2. Economist Read the text using a dictionary and answer the questions that follow it.
- •Text 3. Philologist Read the text using a dictionary and answer the questions that follow it.
- •Text 4. Historian Read the text using a dictionary and answer the questions that follow it.
- •Text 5. Ecologist Read the text using a dictionary and discuss the vital ecological problems this profession deals with. Study the following vocabulary before reading the text:
- •Text 1. Oleg is a teenAger Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •Text 2. Leisure activities of youth
- •Text 1. Belarus Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •1. Geographical situation
- •2. Industry, agriculture, science
- •3. Political set-up
- •Exercises
- •1. Use the text to complete the sentences from the text:
- •2. Decide if the following statements are false or true:
- •3. Answer the questions on the text:
- •4. Be ready to speak about Belarus. Use information from the text as a help to your topic.
- •Text 2. Minsk
- •Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Study the following vocabulary before reading the text:
- •Exercises
- •1. Use text 2 to reproduce the sentences with the following words and word combinations:
- •2. Use the text to complete the sentences:
- •3. Decide if the following statements are true or false:
- •4. Answer the questions on text 2:
- •5. Be ready to speak about the capital of our republic. Use text 2 as a help to your topic. Text 3. Mozyr Read the text and do the exercises that follow it:
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •1. Use the text to complete the sentences from the text:
- •2. Decide if the following statements are false or true:
- •3. Answer the questions on the text:
- •Text 2. From the history of Minsk Read the text with a dictionary and answer the questions that follow it. Study the following vocabulary before reading the text:
- •Chapter 8. Great Britain. London
- •2. British industry
- •3. Political set-up
- •Exercises
- •5. Be ready to speak about Great Britain. Use text 1. As a help to your topic. Text 2. London Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •Text 3. Museums of London Read the text with a dictionary and after each paragraph form a question on the main fact or information contained in it.
- •Text 4. London parks Read the text with a dictionary and answer the questions that follow it.
- •Text 5. English character Read the text with a dictionary and answer the questions that follow it.
- •Text 6. Customs, holidays and traditions
- •In Great Britain Read the text with a dictionary and answer the questions that follow it.
- •Chapter 9. The systems of education in Belarus and Great Britain Text 1. The System of Education in Belarus Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •1. Pre-school and secondary education
- •2. Higher education
- •Exercises
- •1. Reproduce the sentences from the text using these words:
- •2. Express your agreement or disagreement.
- •3. Answer the questions on the text:
- •Exercises
- •Text 2. Teachers’ training in Belarus Read the text and answer the questions that follow it.
- •Text 3. Comprehensive education in scotland Read and translate the text with a dictionary.
- •Text 4. Higher and further education in Britain
- •Read and translate the text with a dictionary.
- •Say about the main differences in British and our higher education.
- •Study the following vocabulary before reading the text:
- •Text 5. Famous Universities of the uk Read the text with a dictionary and answer the questions that follow it.
- •1. Oxford
- •2. Cambridge
- •3. Oxbridge specific system of education
- •Chapter 10. Famous people of Belarus and Great Britain Text 1. Famous People of Belarus Read the text and answer the questions that follow it.
- •1. Literature
- •2. Theatre
- •3. Music
- •5. Sport
- •6. Space
- •Text 2. Famous Britons Read the text and answer the questions that follow it.
- •Isaac Newton (1642–1727)
- •Additional texts for reading Text 1. Who was Dr. Skaryna?
- •Text 2. Efrosinya Polotskaya Read the text with a dictionary and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •1. Complete the sentences using the following variants:
- •2. Arrange the items of the given outline in the order according to the text:
- •Text 3. Zhores I. Alferov Read the text with a dictionary and speak on Alferov’s youth, his discoveries and career.
- •Text 4. Isaac Newton Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •Text 7. Robert Burns Read the text and do the exercises that follow it. Study the following vocabulary before reading the text:
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •1. Put questions to the words in italics:
- •2. Add 2–3 sentences to the following statements:
- •3. Make an outline of the text and be ready to speak about Darwin’s life and his theories. Содержание
Text 4. Isaac Newton Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
Study the following vocabulary before reading the texts:
the binomial theorem – бином Ньютона
the law of gravity – закон притяжения
the “Principia” – “Начала”
to enable – сделать возможным
to bind (bound) – связывать
indispensable – необходимый, обязательный
differential and integral calculus – дифференциальное и интегральное исчисление
Sir Isaac Newton (1642–1727) is universally recognized as one of the greatest scientist of all times.
He was born in 1642 in a small village in England. His father was a poor farmer. When the boy was 14 his father died. Newton left school and helped his mother on the farm. But the boy didn’t like farming, he was fond of poetry and mathematics. So Newton was sent back to school where he studied well and made his first scientific experiments. At the age of 19 he was sent to Cambridge University to study mathematics where he displayed remarkable ability in science. In the autumn of 1660, Cambridge University was closed. The Great Plague spread in England and Newton had to return to his village and stay there for 18 months. At home he went on with his studies. When he was 21 Newton formulated the binomial theorem.
After graduating Newton lectured on mathematics at Cambridge University. At 26 Newton became a professor at the University. His main interests were mathematics, electrical mechanics and physical optics.
At 22 Newton began studying the theory of gravity that had been known long before his time. He extended the law of gravity to the whole universe. He realized that it was gravity which bound the Moon to the Earth and other planets to the Sun. His great work, the “Principia” was published in 1687. In this book Newton clarified all that he had discovered about the movements of planets and their satellites.
The laws of gravity enabled him to explain many mysteries of the structure of the universe. Newton showed how the mass of the sun could be calculated from the speed and distance of any planet. He calculated the force of gravity between the sun and the planets and the quantity of matter in all these objects. He showed that the weight of the same body would be 23 times greater at the surface of the sun than at the surface of the earth. He found the true size and shape of the earth.
Newton’s results were better than anything that human reason had reached before Newton. He proved that mechanical laws acting on the earth, that is, in the world in which we live, are connected with mechanical laws of the whole universe.
Newton developed a mathematical method indispensable in all questions concerning motion. This method is known by the name of differential and integral calculus. He discovered laws of motion which are still considered to be the basis of all calculations concerning motion.
But light was Newton’s favourite study. Having made a number of experiments with lenses, he proved that white light consisted of rays of different coloures, and that white light is a mixture of all these coloured rays. These results laid the foundation of modern spectrography and greatly enriched the field of optics.
In 1703 his countrymen elected Newton president of the Royal Society. In 1727 he died and was buried in Westminster Abbey. There is a monument to Newton in Trinity College at Cambridge with the inscription: “Newton, Who Surpassed All Men of Science”.