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278
Advances in Pharmaceutical Technology for Drug Delivery Systems (PTDDS), Volume 2
9.3 NANOTECHNOLOGY
the imagination, as it is an area that encompasses structures that present only
. Nanotechnology is directly
various pathologies (Haris et al., 2023).
drugs, materials, medical tools, and also analysis equipment. Since antimi-
crobial materials are nanotechnological materials applied to the health sector
nanoparticles can be incorporated into medical products, applied to the metal
, nanotechnology has contributed immensely to the
Nanotechnology-based Polymeric Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering
279
, as they play a unique role in tissue regeneration
(Fernandes et al., 2021).
, such as more outstanding adhesion and cell
-
areas (Langer and Vacanti, 2016). Within this context, due to the micro and
nanoscale inherent in biological processes, the composition, and the need to
-
Dong et al., 2020).
is the scale at
are essential in this area, as they can act directly on trauma and patholo-
280
Advances in Pharmaceutical Technology for Drug Delivery Systems (PTDDS), Volume 2
-
-
containing internal bleeding sites (Hasan et al., 2018).
health area.
9.4 POLYMERIC SCAFFOLDS IN TISSUE ENGINEERING
-
out both by the ancient Egyptians and in the Roman Empire. With the
use (Dolcimascolo et al., 2019).
Nanotechnology-based Polymeric Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering
281
roughness, charge, reactivity, hydrophilicity, and rigidity. In this aspect, the
-
.-
et al., 2014).
-
.
.,
et al., 2017).
synthetic polymers, ceramics, metals, composites, and hydrogels are being
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Advances in Pharmaceutical Technology for Drug Delivery Systems (PTDDS), Volume 2
(i) biocompatibility, (ii) bioactivity, and (iii) biodegradability.
collagen, to produce a biomimetic environment equivalent to the native
-
Hutmacher, 2000).
-
Nanotechnology-based Polymeric Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering
283
-
tissue-based materials commonly present in nature, as they exist in various
et al., 2010) and collagen (Shen et
al.
.
heterogeneity , high dispersion, biocompatibility, less toxicity, and metabolic
(Ebhodaghe, 2021).
-
Biopolymers are polymers produced by living organisms, such as micro-
(Stoppel et al., 2015). In this respect, biopolymers can be an alternative to
In addition, some nondegradable polymers such as poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)
and its derivatives [such as poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA)]
body (Hollander et al.
284
Advances in Pharmaceutical Technology for Drug Delivery Systems (PTDDS), Volume 2
-
-
these polymers can be disadvantageous in tissue regeneration applications
-
al., et al2002).
9.5 CHALLENGES
-
standing and assisting in constructing models that are more like the tissue to
-
Nanotechnology-based Polymeric Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering
285
maintain, regenerate, or replace tissues or organs.
KEYWORDS
• nanotechnology
• polymeric scaffolds
• tissue engineering
• biomaterials
• extracellular matrix
• cell adhesion
• porosity
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3D Bioprinting and Nanotechnology in Tissue Engineering and