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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5983_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
198
Advances in Pharmaceutical Technology for Drug Delivery Systems (PTDDS), Volume 2
7.1 INTRODUCTION
A drug delivery system (DDS) delivers active pharmaceutical ingredients
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Jameson and
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approved oral tablet Spritam
®
in August 2015, have stimulated the research,
pharmaceutical science.
delivery devices. Its advantages include the ability to accurately control the
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available on the market makes it possible to use various FDA-approved
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doses.
3D Printed Devices as Drug Delivery Systems
199
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7.2 ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING IN PHARMACOLOGY
pharmacology has been able to design 3D-printed drug delivery devices to
A general printing process begins by creating a 3D CAD model through
as Slicer, Cura, and Makerbot slice the model according to the desired
chosen by the operator. Once completed, the G-code provides all the coordi-
printing process, postprocessing can be conducted to enhance the strength
smoothing, and polishing. In drug-loaded systems, postprocessing depends
200
Advances in Pharmaceutical Technology for Drug Delivery Systems (PTDDS), Volume 2
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properties (Daminabo et al., 2020).
In recent years, 3D printing has become increasingly popular in pharmaceu-
using this technology (
used 3D printing techniques in pharmaceutical science.
FIGURE 7.1
devices.
3D Printed Devices as Drug Delivery Systems
201
7.2.1 EXTRUSION-BASED 3D PRINTING TECHNIQUES
Algahtani et
al., 2018). Extrusion-based 3D printing involves extruding materials through
-
modeling (FDM) and semisolid extrusion (SSE), respectively.
commonly used 3D printing methods in pharmacology. In 2009, the patent
Cailleaux et
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Advances in Pharmaceutical Technology for Drug Delivery Systems (PTDDS), Volume 2
completed, the bed or heating head moves perpendicular to the layer plan
continues until the last layer is deposited.
extrusion (HME). Another option is to use postdrug loading techniques,
temperature used in SSE processes, it is also possible to extrude live cell-
SSE printing machines typically include a UV light source to permit
3D Printed Devices as Drug Delivery Systems
203
and blockage. Biomedical researchers are using other methods to design
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and selective laser sintering (SLS).
7.2.2 STEREOLITHOGRAPHY
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Huang et al., 2020). SLA, consolidated by Hull
SLA printers used galvanometric mirrors to control the laser beam along
improved this technique by proposing that multiple mask sets be replaced
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Advances in Pharmaceutical Technology for Drug Delivery Systems (PTDDS), Volume 2
7.2.3 SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
high temperatures and must at least be partially thermostable (
and Dicknes, 2003).
-
using polycaprolactone (PCL), ethyl cellulose (EC), hydroxypropyl meth-
ylcellulose (HPMC), Eudragit, vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer
(Kollidon
®
VA 64), and polyethylene oxide (PEO).
7.2.4 BINDER JET PRINTING
rollers. Next, a liquid binder (such as a polymer in a colloidal or aqueous
(Paranthaman et al., 2016). Finally, the structure is heated to cure the binder
3D Printed Devices as Drug Delivery Systems
205
made mechanically strong.
× 1200 × 600 mm). Such conditions,
drug delivery.
7.3 MOST COMMON POLYMERS
7.3.1 NATURAL POLYMERS
Cellulose is a biocompatible polysaccharide present in vegetables, cotton-
most organic solvents (Gupta et al., 2021). Its thermoplastic ester derivatives
biodegradable ether that is nontoxic and resistant at room temperature. Its
systems and tissue engineering (Debnath et al., 2021).
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patible, soluble in salts and esters, porous, and biodegradable (in vitro and in
vivo environment) (
206
Advances in Pharmaceutical Technology for Drug Delivery Systems (PTDDS), Volume 2
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tion, viscosity increases by approximately 20×, and viscosity is inversely
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a minor component, alginate has been used to modulate the properties
marine animals, microorganisms, and insects (
copolymer approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is
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depends on its structure. Chitosan has excellent viscosity in its non-branched
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3D Printed Devices as Drug Delivery Systems
207
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bioprinting (layer-by-layer deposition), laser-based bioprinting (such as
engineering, drug delivery, household appliances, and tissue engineering. In
7.3.2 SYNTHETIC POLYMERS
Lyu et al., 2019). In 3D printing,
point (58–60°
–60°C) and tensile properties (tensile modulus 251–440 MPa, yield strength
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