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Файл:Практика английской речи = English Speech Practice 2-й курс
.pdf
Р. В. Фастовец, Т. И. Кошелева, Е. В. Таболич
ПРАКТИКА АНГЛИЙСКОЙ РЕЧИ
English Speech Practice
2 курс
Под редакцией Р. В. Фастовец
2-е издание, стереотипное
Минск
«Тетралит»
УДК 811.111(075.8)
ББК 81.2Англ-923
Ф26
Авторы:
кандидат педагогических наук, доцент кафедры
теории и практики английской речи МГЛУ
старший преподаватель
Т. И. Кошелева;
кандидат филологических наук, доцент
Р. В. Фастовец
Е. В. Таболич
;
Рецензенты:
кандидат филологических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой
английского языка гуманитарных специальностей факультета
международных отношений Белгосуниверситета
Т. В. Караичева
;
кандидат филологических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой
профессионально ориентированной английской речи БГЭУ
Н. А. Новик
Фастовец, Р. В.
Ф26
Практика английской речи = English Speech Practice : 2-й курс / Р. В. Фастовец,
Т. И. Кошелева, Е. В. Таболич ; под ред. Р. В. Фастовец. – 2-е изд., стереотип. – Минск :
Тетралит, 2019. – 400 с.
ISBN 978-985-7171-38-5.
Книга предназначена для студентов второго курса лингвистических университетов и факультетов ино-
странного языка, изучающих английский язык как основную специальность, а также для лиц, изучающих
английский язык на курсах или самостоятельно. Она состоит из шести частей: “Choosing a Career”, “Healthy
and Happy”, “Fit and Well”, “The Picture of the World”, “Hustle and Bustle of City Life”, “Going Places”. Каждая
часть содержит лексические упражнения, задания для развития речевых умений и тщательно разработанный
тематический словарь.
Адресуется студентам, преподавателям, а также всем, изучающим английский язык.
УДК 811.111(075.8)
ББК 81.2Англ-923
ISBN 978-985-7171-38-5
© Оформление. ЧИУП «Тетралит», 2019
2
© Фастовец Р. В., Кошелева Т. И., Таболич Е. В., 2006
Every great achievement was
once considered impossible
3
PREFACE
chievement is designed for encouraging students to develop their communi-
cation skills on the basis of the interpersonal communicative approach to
A
Originally written for second year students of the Linguistic University this book can
also be used by adult learners of upper-intermediate level either in a language class or for
self-study.
The book consists of five units covering the major topics: 'Choosing a Career', 'Healthy
and Happy', Fit and Well', 'The Picture of the World', 'Hustle and Bustle of City Life', Going
Places'. Each unit begins with Focus Vocabulary, which serves to attract the students' at-
tention to the language and information input they deal with in each unit. Achievement is
for students who already have a good command of English and who now wish to increase
the range of vocabulary and gain better communication fluency. Students are supposed to
study the vocabulary introduced at the end of each part on their own and do with the aid of
a dictionary various Word meaning, Word building, Word formation, Word use exercises as
their homework. Some of them are supplied with keys.
Time should be spent in class on intensive skill practice and discussion of the subject
matter of the major topics. Class communication and Class Improvisation can be performed as pair or group activities in class involving problem solving, decision making, simu-
lation and role-play.
We owe our thanks to many people who have directly and indirectly contributed to
Achievement. In particular, the staff of the Theory and Practice of English Communication
Department of Minsk State Linguistic University whose appreciation of our work mingled
with criticism we found very stimulating.
We acknowledge the help of our colleagues from the English Phonetics Department
whose original ideas have inspired our efforts.
We would also like to thank Tatiana Stepovaya, Olga Zalesskaya and Oksana Rai who
turned the manuscript into the textbook with the help of a computer.
Dear Students, a good career is the greatest achievement in one’s life and a perfect command of a foreign language is one of the ways to make a good career.
teaching students – an approach that enables students to learn from each
other as well as from the language teacher and the textbook.
4
Part
PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY AS
F
PART OF HUMAN LIFE
I
CHOOSING A CAREER
UNIT 1
Focus Vocabulary
career
job
line
occupation
position
post
profession
trade
vocation
work
WORK AND EMPLOYMENT
!
employment
employer
employee
to employ
(the) unemployed
unemployment
unemployment benefit
to achieve
to dismiss / to sack
to manage
to quit
to hand in / to give one's notice
to provide
to retire
to resign
resignation
to earn / make money
income
promotion
to promote
profit
salary
wages
raise (AmE) /
rise (BrE)
5
What Are We Working for?
y
y
Have you ever asked yourself what you are working for? If you have ever had the time
to consider this question, or put it to others, you might well have heard some or all of the
following. It’s the money of course, some say with a smile, as if explaining something to a
small child. Or it’s the satisfaction of a job well done, the sense of achievement behind the
clinching of an important deal. It’s the company of other people perhaps, but if that is the
case, what about farmers? Is it the conversation in the farmyard that keeps them captivated by the job? Work is power and a sense of status say those who have either attained
these elusive goals, or feel aggrieved that nobody has yet recognised their leadership
qualities. I suspect, and I say this under my breath, that most of us work hoping for something to turn up. We’ll win the pools, and tell the boss what we really think. We’ll scrape together the money and open that little shop we always dreamed of, or go round the world,
or spend more time in the garden. One day we’ll get that promotion we deserve, but until
then at least we have something to do. And we are so busy doing it that we won’t have
time to wonder why.
Word Meaning
JOB – DO (FOR A LIVING) – OCCUPATION – POST / POSITION – BUSINESS
CAREER – TRADE – PROFESSION – WORK – LINE – VOCATION
JOB
Your job is what you do to earn your living.
• You’ll never get a job if you don’t have any qualifications.
• She’d like to change her job but can’t find anything better.
Your job is also the particular type of work that you do.
• John’s new job sounds really interesting.
• I know she works for the BBC but I’m not sure what job she does.
A job may be full-time or part-time (NOT half-time or half-day).
• All she could get was a part-time job at a petrol station.
DO
(for a living)
OCCUPATION
POST /
POSITION
BUSINESS
6
When you want to know about the type of work that someone does, the
usual questions are What do you do? What does she do for a living? etc.
• What does
our father do? –He’s a police inspector.
Occupation and job have similar meanings. However, occupation is far
less common than job and is used mainly in formal and official styles.
• Please give brief details of your employment history and present occupation.
• People in manual occupations seem to suffer less from stress.
The particular job that you have in a company or organisation is your post
or position.
• She’s been appointed to the post of deputy principal.
• He’s applied for the position of sales manager.
Post and position are used mainly in formal styles and often refer to jobs
which have a lot of responsibility.
The general area of work that you are involved in.
• What business are you in? – Antiques, mostly.
• In our business the first rule is that the customer is alwa
s right.
CAREER
TRADE
PROFESSION
WORK
LINE
VOCATION
Your career is your working life, or the series of jobs that you have during
your working life.
• The scandal brought his career in politics to a sudden end.
• Later on in his career, he became first secretary at the British Embassy
in Washington.
Your career is also the particular kind of work for which you are trained
and that you intend to do for a long time.
• I wanted to find out more about careers in publishing.
A trade is a type of work in which you do or make things with your hands.
• Most of the men worked in skilled trades such as carpentry or printing.
• My grandfather was a bricklayer by trade.
A profession is a type of work such as medicine, teaching, or law which
requires a high level of training or education.
• Until recently, medicine has been a male-dominated profession.
• She entered the teaching profession in 1987.
A job you are paid to do or activity that you do regularly.
• My father started work when he was 14.
• There isn’t a lot of work at this time of the year.
The kind of work someone does.
• What line of business is he in?
• He is in the building / retail, etc. line.
The type of thing that someone is interested in or good at.
• I’m afraid cookery isn’t really in my line.
A job that you do because you have a very strong feeling that doing this
job is the purpose of your life.
• Teaching isn’t just a job – it’s a vocation.
Ex. 1 Complete each sentence by using a word from the box. The words can be
used more than once.
business job living work profession vocation
trade career occupation line post / position
1. Please state your age, address, and ______________ in the space below.
2. Mark makes his ______________ working as a journalist.
3. There are a lot more women in the legal _____________.
4. He was offered the __________ of ambassador in China.
5. The scandal destroyed his ___________ in publishing.
6. As a teacher she feels she has finally found her ____________.
7. The cost of _________ has risen greatly over the recent years.
8. I can’t come out tonight. I’ve got too much ___________ to do.
9. Stop interfering! This is none of your ___________.
7
10. Kate has a very good ___________ in an international company.
11. I wish I had your __________– it sounds really interesting
12. I didn’t realize we were in the same ___________ of business.
13. Most of the men worked in skilled __________ such as carpentry or printing.
14.
There are still too many people without ________.
15. They worked very hard and now they have their own ___________.
Ex. 2 Arrange the following words in the appropriate groups.
lawyer dentist hairdresser mechanic
architect priest farmer vet
librarian physiotherapist child-minder police officer
refuse collector accountant scientist chef
firefighter civil servant tailor / dressmaker designer
builder carpenter plumber electrician
cleaner engineer
Professions
Jobs that require
considerable training
and / or qualification
Trades (skilled manual jobs)
requiring on-the-job
and other training
Unskilled jobs
Ex. 3 Choose synonyms from the focus vocabulary.
1. to be out of a job / work
2. to hire, engage
3. to reach, realise BrE / ize AmE
4. income
5. to direct, lead, guide
6. to throw out of work, to fire, to sack
Ex. 4 Say in one word using the focus vocabulary.
1. a person who is employed
2. money that an employee receives for his / her work
3. a particular fitness or ability for certain kind of work
4. to appoint a person for a job
5. money paid for manual work
6. money which allows one to provide for a living
7. to leave one’s job or position
8
Ex. 5 Paraphrase the following:
1. My father has been unemployed for months.
2. He is keen to become a doctor.
3. Teaching children is more than just a way of making money: it’s a special call from God.
4. He has become a diplomat.
5. I am totally indifferent to it.
6. I’ve got a job for you.
7. He has never had the sense of fitness or ability for teaching.
8. My son’s very skilful as a driver.
9. Only after much hard work are most of us able to realise our dreams.
10. My uncle directs an aircraft factory.
11. The company hires people according to their skill.
12. He was a stock-broker.
13. When he left school, he took up a job of a lorry driver.
Word formation
Ex. 6 Complete the chart.
NOUNS VERBS
1.
2. dismissal
3. retirement
4.
5. promotion
6. achievement
7.
8.
9. work
10.
employ
offer
choose
rise / raise
resign
Word use
Ex. 7 Give as many collocations as possible matching the words from the two
columns.
Note: use articles or pronouns where necessary.
to change
to give
to dismiss from
to look for
to make
post
work
promotion
employment
rise / raise
9
to earn
to do (for)
to lose
to recommend for
to achieve
to find
to hold
to quit
to offer
to get
to be cut out for
to leave
to follow
to appoint
Ex. 8 Draw ‘spiders’ as in the example.
job
employee
career
success
position
job hunting
worker
profession
vocation
living
make
A LIVING
earn do for
Ex. 9 Complete each sentence by using a word from the box.
employ – employer – employee –
unemployed – employment – unemployment
1. We are _____________ a new interpreter from September 1.
2. He is _____________ at present and is job hunting.
3. We were _____________ to do some seasonal job.
4. My _____________ wouldn’t like me to be late.
5. Office _____________ are called white-collar workers.
6. Being a housewife is full-time _____________ .
7. _____________ is a major social problem.
8. The _____________ are on the dole in the United Kingdom.
10
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