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Файл:Практика английской речи = English Speech Practice 2-й курс
.pdf
atmosphere
n
the general character or feeling of a place
accepting, creative, enjoyable,
exciting, family, formal, friendly,
frustrating, happy, informal
instructive, pleasant, relaxed,
atmosphere
stimulating, tense, unpleasant,
well-disciplined
• Ever since their quarrel, there has been an unpleasant at-
mosphere in the office.
• The school endeavours to create an atmosphere in which
every child feels secure and highly motivated to work and
succeed in every undertaking, as well as have confidence,
self-respect, tolerance and respect for other people.
• The atmosphere was quiet and businesslike.
attract
attraction
attractive
background
bore
v
n
adj
n
v
to arouse interest or pleasure in (smb / smth);
arouse (smth), prompt
to attract smb’s attention, interest, etc.
• The new book has attracted a good deal of criticism.
1. an action or power of attracting
to feel an attraction to smb / smth
2. thing that attracts
• One of the main attractions of the job is the high salary.
• City life holds few attractions for me.
Syn: pleasing, interesting, charming, enchanting
• Your suggestion sounds very attractive.
a person’s education, knowledge, experience or social circumstances
TEFL (teaching English as a foreign language) background
background in Higher Education
• He is a man of an excellent background.
• Applicants for this post should have a sound background of
teaching and curriculum leadership.
• What is his background?
• He has a working-class background.
to make (smb) feel tired and uninterested by being dull or tedious
Syn: tire, weary (fml)
to get bored by smth
to bore smb to death / tears
71
bore
boring
boss
boss
bossy
business
capable
capability
career
n
adj
n
v
adj
n
adj
n
n
• Don’t be such a bore!
Syn: uninteresting, dull, tedious, monotonous, flat
(infml) a person with an important position in a company or
other organisation; manager; employer, supervisor, director
• I’ll have to ask my boss for a day off.
• From the way he acts, you’d think that he was the boss.
to be one’s own boss = work for oneself rather than being employed by someone else
Syn: command, supervise
(infml) to boss smb about / around
• He’s always bossing his friends about.
Syn: domineering, lordly, overbearing
• How do you like this bossy girl?
1. Syn: occupation, profession, employment
• What’s his business?
2. Syn: commerce, trade
to do business, to go into business
• He’s in the oil business.
3. Syn: duty, task
• My life is no business of yours.
• It’s none of your business.
Syn: able, competent, qualified, skilful
Ant: incapable, incompetent, unskilled
to be capable of (doing) smth
• Show me what you’re capable of.
• You have the capability to do / of doing this job well.
1. Syn: profession or occupation, job
promising
demanding
career
academic
diplomatic
to be cut out for a .... career
to take up / follow a career
to abandon / give up one’s career
72
career woman
chair
chairman
chancellor
charge
chief
choice
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
to consider teaching / medicine as a career
• She spent most of her career as a teacher in London.
• Carol wants a career in sport.
2. progress through life
to make a career
• She has made a successful career for herself.
a woman whose career is very important to her, so that she
may not want to get married or have children
1. the position of being a professor; professorship
• Have you met the new Chair of Medicine?
2. the position of being in charge of a meeting
• Address your question to the chair, please.
(pl – men) someone who is in charge of a meeting or directs
the work of a committee or organisation
• Jackson was elected the chairman of the education committee.
Syn: chairperson, chairwoman (pl – women)
a person who is in charge of an American University
Syn: president AmE
Syn: care, responsibility
to be in charge (of smth)
to take charge of smth
to put / place smb in charge of smth
• Who’s in charge here?
• I’m leaving the office in your charge.
a person highest in authority
Syn: head, leader, principal, master, boss
the chief of staff, police
an act of choosing
to make / take a choice
to have no choice
to regret one’s choice
• What influenced you most in your choice of career?
• You have several choices open to you.
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committed
competence
competent
computer
confidence
confident
curriculum vitae
deal
adj
n
adj
n
n
adj
n
v
giving one’s whole loyalty to a particular aim, job or way of
life, devoted to smb
• She is a committed teacher.
• The Governors wish to appoint an enthusiastic, ambitious
and committed person to share in the management of the
school.
Syn: ability, skill, capability
(a) competence for / as / in smth
(a) competence in doing / to do smth
• No one doubts her competence as a teacher.
Ant: incompetent, inapt, incapable, unfilled
to be competent as / at / in smth
• She’s very competent in her work.
an electronic machine that can store information and do things
with it according to a set of instructions called a programme /
program AmE
to use / operate / program(me) a computer
to work with / on a computer
to run a program(me) on a computer
to do smth (execute, regulate, process data) with a computer
• Do you know computer?
• Can you use a computer?
• Are you computer literate?
full trust: belief in one’s own or another’s ability;
a feeling of certainty, sense of self-reliance, boldness
Ant: distrust, mistrust, doubt, shyness
• Jane lacks confidence in herself.
• She has won his confidence, he trusts her absolutely.
having a belief in one’s own powers or ability;
feeling or showing confidence
Ant: uncertain, timid, shy
(abbr. CV) a brief account of smb’s previous career
résumé AmE
(dealt) 1. to tackle the problem or task
• How do you deal with the problem?
2. to have social or business relations with smb / smth
• I hate dealing with large companies.
• She’s so pleasant to deal with.
3. to discuss smth
• The next chapter deals with problems of education.
74
dealer
decide
decision
director
dismiss
dismissal
dole
n
v
n
n
v
n
n
Syn: trader
• My friend is a used-car dealer.
Syn: make up one’s mind
to decide on / against smth / smb
• He decided on changing his job.
to arrive at
to come to
to make
a decision
to reach
• We took the difficult decision to leave the office.
• Discussion should be part of the decision-making process.
one of the committee of top managers who control a company
board of directors
financial
sales director
personnel
managing director BrE = someone who is in charge of a large
company or organisation
The Director of Studies = a teacher in a British university or
language school who is in charge of organising the students
programmes of study
1. to remove smb from a position
2. to consider smb / smth not worth thinking or talking about
to dismiss a suggestion / an objection, etc.
• Anything that his father or I say is dismissed.
Syn: fire, sack (infml)
a job
to dismiss smb from a post
one’s thoughts
• The dismissals led to a strike.
money given by the government in Britain to people who are
unemployed
to be / go on the dole BrE
• Kevin was on the dole for a year before he got a job.
Syn: unemployment benefit
• How much unemployment benefit do you get?
to be on benefit
• How long have you been on benefit?
75
earn
earnings
efficient
efficiency
efficiently
employ
employee
employer
employment
encourage
encouragement
v
n(pl)
adj
n
adv
v
n
n
n
v
n
to get money by working
• How much do you earn / make?
to earn one’s living
earned / unearned income
• I’ve spent all my earnings.
Syn: capable, able to work well, apt, competent
Ant: inefficient, incompetent
secretary
teacher
efficient
method
machine
Syn: capability, effectiveness, competence
• We should get industry running more efficiently.
to give work to smb, usually for payment
to employ smb in / on smth
• He’s employed in a bank.
a person who’s employed; labourer, worker
a person or company that employs others; owner, boss
to be in / out of regular full-time employment
employment agency
1. to give courage or confidence to smb
2. to urge, stimulate, promote
Ant: discourage, dispirit
• At this school teachers encourage you to be the best you can
be; they make you want to learn.
• By caring for plants and animals in the classroom children
are encouraged to understand and value other living things.
• You shouldn’t encourage his bad habits.
• He is encouraged by his success.
• He owed his success to his parents’ encouragement.
• To my surprise , he didn’t give me much encouragement.
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encouraging
executive
experience
experienced
expert
expert
fair
fairly
head
adj
n
n
adj
n
adj
adj
adv
n
• The new company has made an encouraging start.
• The doctor’s report was encouraging.
• The results of the experiment were not encouraging.
• She gave him an encouraging smile.
• The low rising tone sounds encouraging in statements and
exclamations.
a person or group in a business organisation with administrative or managerial powers
• She’s a sales executive in this company.
1. knowledge or skills acquired from seeing and doing things
to have some experience for / of doing smth
to learn by experience
• She hasn’t had enough work experience for the job.
2. an event or activity that affects one in some way
• He had many interesting experiences while travelling in
America.
Ant: inexperienced, naive
to be experienced in (doing) smth
a person with special knowledge, skill
to be an expert at / in / on smth
according to expert advice
Syn: just
Ant: unfair
to be fair to / on smb
share
fair price
wage
• To be fair, she did warn me.
1. in a fair manner; honestly
• You’re not treating me fairly.
2. Syn: completely, actually; to a certain extent; moderately
• This is a fairly easy job.
a chief person of a group or organisation
the head of the family
Syn: leader, chief, master
head office
head waiter
headmaster / -mistress (principal man / woman at school)
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income
j
industrious
involve
job
n
adj
v
n
money received over a certain period, esp. as payment for
work or as interest on investments
to live within / beyond one’s income
to earn an income
annual
earned
monthly income
fixed
unearned
Syn: pay, wages, salary, fee
Income is the most general word for money we receive from
work, investment, etc. Pay is a general word for money we
regularly receive for work done. Wages are paid weekly and
usually in cash. They are based on an hourly, daily or weekly
rate or on a certain amount of work done. A salary is paid
monthly, often directly into a bank account. Professional people receive a salary. A fee is a payment to a lawyer, doctor, etc.
for professional services.
Syn: hard-working, diligent
Ant: lazy, idle
1. to make (smth) necessary as a condition or result, entail
• The job involved my living in London.
2. to cause smb / smth to take part in (an activity) to involve
smb in (doing) smth
• Don’t involve me in solving your problems.
regularly paid position or post
demanding
boring
nine-to-five
part-time
ob
full-time
menial
to take on
to get
to do
to hunt for / look for a job
to give up, quit
to lose
to hire / employ for
• Good job!
to be out of a job / between jobs = to be unemployed
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jobless
job centre
job description
job satisfaction
job-hopper
living
manage
manager
adj
n
n
n
n
n
v
n
• He’s been out of a job for months.
to be on the job = to be at work; working
to lie down / go to sleep on the job = not work energetically
and continuously
on the job training
• You will receive training on the job.
to do odd jobs = many small pieces of work
• He sometimes does odd jobs on the farm.
Syn: work, task, labour / labor AmE, toil
Job, task are countable nouns: job is general, may be hard or
easy, pleasant or unpleasant; task is short-term and requires effort;
work, labour, toil are uncountable nouns indicating the activity
needed to perform a job;
work is the most general;
labour suggests physical effort;
toil is formal and is used of hard, lengthy work
Syn: unemployed
• How long have you been jobless?
a government office displaying information about available jobs
a written description of the exact responsibilities of a job
fulfilment gained from doing one's job
a person who often changes his jobs
the way that you earn money or the money that you earn
• It's not a great job, but it's a living.
to do smth for a living (= as your job)
• So what do you do for a living?
to earn / make a living
• It's hard to make a decent living as a musician.
1. Syn: to direct, run
to manage a hotel, a restaurant
2. Syn: to handle
• He couldn’t manage the work.
3. Syn: to get along
• One can’t manage without money.
4. Syn: to succeed in
• How did you manage to do it?
a person controlling a business, etc.
a shop, cinema, hotel manager
79
management
managing
moonlighter
moonlighting
motive
motivate
motivation
motivated
notice
position
post
n
adj
n
n
n
v
n
adj
n
n
n
control and organisation (of a business, etc.)
to be in management
to take a management course
• The business is under management.
a managing director
(infml) a person who holds a second job in addition to his normal one
• I want a car, so I have to do a bit of moonlighting.
what induces a person to act in a particular way
• I was acting from the best motives.
1. to supply a motive, to be the motive of, to cause a person to
act in a particular way
2. to stimulate the interest of a person in an activity
• Everything she does is motivated only by a desire for money.
• He is motivated by ambition.
• They lack the motivation to study.
• She is a well qualified, experienced, enthusiastic and highly
motivated teacher.
a warning (of what will happen)
to give smb notice = to tell someone officially that they must
leave their job in a week, a month, etc.
• They closed the factory, giving the workers only a week's
notice.
to hand in / give in notice = to inform your employer that you
will be leaving your job soon, especially by writing a formal
letter
to leave without notice
at short notice = with little warning
• He left at ten days' notice.
(fml) paid employment
Syn: job, post
to get
to have a good / bad position in / with a company
to hold
• He applied for the position of assistant manager.
a position of paid employment
to be appointed to the post of
to be offered a post
• The post was advertised in the local paper.
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