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Файл:Практика английской речи = English Speech Practice 2-й курс
.pdf
prestigious
k
principal
profit
profitable
promote
promotion
redundant
redundancy
resign
resignation
adj
n
n
adj
v
n
adj
n
v
n
having an excellent reputation, highly esteemed or respected
prestigious work, position
a person with the highest authority in an organisation
1. someone who is in charge of a school AmE
2. someone who is in charge of a university or college BrE
• The principal of St. James’ College is present.
financial gain; amount of money gained in business to do smth
for profit
to make a profit
Syn: beneficial, gainful
profitable investments
• The deal was profitable to all of us.
to give a higher position or ran
• He was recommended for promotion.
(of industrial workers) no longer needed for any available job
and therefore dismissed (esp) BrE
to become / be made / find oneself redundant
• Sixty workers were declared redundant.
1. a state of being redundant
redundancy pay, money.
• There was a high level of redundancy among unskilled
workers.
2. a worker made redundant
• Two hundred redundancies were announced in the ship-
yards.
to officially and permanently leave your job or position because you want to
Syn: leave, quit, vacate, give up
to resign from smth
to resign one's post / position
• She's just resigned from the committee.
• The manager was forced to resign his post after allegations
of corruption.
an act of resigning or a written statement to say you are doing
this
• You have the choice between resignation and dismissal.
to hand in / offer / tender / send in one's resignation
• We haven't yet received his resignation.
81
responsible
responsibility
rise
self-confidence
self-confident
self-control
self-discipline
self-esteem
self-reliant
self-respect
adj
n
n
n
adj
n
n
n
adj
n
legally or morally obliged to take care of smb / smth or to
carry out a duty; chargeable
Ant: irresponsible, negligent
to be responsible for smth / smb
a highly responsible position
Syn: duty, obligation, commitment
on one’s own responsibility
to assume
to accept responsibility
to take
increase in wages or salary (AmE raise)
give smb a rise / raise
ask for a rise / raise
• She was given a twenty-dollar-a-week raise.
belief in one’s own power to do things successfully
• The main goal for her is to help students increase their self-
confidence and motivation.
having confidence in one’s own abilities
an ability to control one’s behaviour and not act emotionally
• The school emphasises values such as respect, dignity, trust
and self-control.
the training of oneself to control one’s emotions and desires
• The school aims to help children develop a sense of consid-
eration for others and encourages self-discipline and selfconfidence.
• Students are guaranteed jobs on leaving school in return for
high standards of attendance, punctuality and self-discipline.
good opinion of oneself
• Children learn best when they experience success. This suc-
cess is the cornerstone of self-esteem.
reliant on or confident in one’s own ability and resources
• He was too self-reliant to ask for help.
respect for oneself, the feeling that one is behaving with honour, dignity, etc.
• Children are encouraged to develop self-respect.
82
skill
skilful
skilled
total
totally
tough
unemployed
unemployed
unemployment
n
adj
adj
adj
adv
adj
adj
n
n
Syn: ability to show great skill at smth; to develop, improve,
refine one’s skills;
administrative
communication
critical and creative thinking
interpersonal
investigation
language
skills
listening
organisational
problem-solving
secretarial
• The English department strives to provide students with op-
portunities to improve their communication skills.
• As students refine their language skills with more difficult
reading and writing they develop a greater understanding
and appreciation of the language.
(AmE skillful)
skilful painter / driver, etc.
skilful guidance
to be skilled in / at smth
Syn: skilful, experienced, trained, competent
• He’s skilled at dealing with big companies.
Syn: complete, entire
• The firm made a total profit of $ 200 000.
Syn: completely, utterly
• He’s totally ignorant in this subject.
1. Syn: difficult;
tough job, problem, game, competition, etc.
• It’s tough finding a job these days.
2. able to endure hardships
• You need to be tough to do this job.
• He is totally unemployed.
the unemployed
unemployment benefit / rate / insurance
83
vacant
vacancy
vary
varied
various
vocation
wage(s)
wage-earner
n
v
adj
adj
n
n
n
1. not filled or occupied, empty
vacant post (hotel) room, etc.
2. Syn: blank
vacant look / mind / stare, etc.
an unfilled position or post; unoccupied accommodation
to free a vacancy
to fill a vacancy
• We have vacancies for typists.
• The hotel has no vacancies (all the rooms are occupied).
to be different, to change
to vary in smth; to vary widely; to vary the speed at which you
work
• Prices vary with the seasons.
• Opinions vary on this point.
of different sorts; diverse
varied opinions, jobs, work
• My experience is not sufficiently varied.
of several kinds, unlike one another; different
• There are various forms of promotion.
• I saw her on various occasions.
1. a natural liking for a certain type of work; a calling
to have a vocation for smth
to have a sense of vocation
• She has a vocation for teaching.
2. Syn: trade or profession
to miss one’s vocation
regular payment for work or services
wages of $ 200 a week
living wage
wage increase
• He gets a weekly wage of $ 200.
1. a person who works for wages
• Are you a wage-earner or salaried?
2. a member of a family who earns money
Syn: breadwinner
• There are two wage-earners in the family.
84
to be cut out for
to cut back (on) something / somebody
to close something down
to turn somebody / something down
to take somebody on
to get on (in life / in the world)
to pick something up
to take up (an amount of) something
to get by (on something)
to get somebody down
to go in for something
PHRASAL VERBS
IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS
to be very much into
to have half a mind to do something
to be in two minds
to follow in somebody’s footsteps
to get itchy feet
to keep your nose to the grindstone
to make one’s way in the world
to refuse point-blank
to rest on one’s laurels
to pull one’s socks up
It’s not the end of the world.
That’s the last straw!
The world is my oyster.
85
Part
II
HEALTHY AND HAPPY
UNIT 1
F
ILLNESSES AND THEIR TREATMENT
Focus Vocabulary
ailment
disease
illness
ill
malady
sickness
airsickness
motion sickness
seasickness
sick
to ache
bleeding
bruise
FEELING UNWELL
!
to breathe
breath
to cough
to cut
to die
death
dizziness
dizzy
to faint
fever
feverish
giddiness
giddy
to hurt
to inflame
to injure
injury
to pain
painful joints
rash
to shiver
to sneeze
to sore
to swallow
to swell
temperature
to vomit
86
AIDS
an allergy
appendicitis
asthma
bronchitis
cancer
a chill
a cold
concussion
diarrhoea
Staying healthy and keeping fit have, not surprisingly, become a growth industry. Quite
apart from the amount of money spent each year on doctor’s prescriptions and approved
medical treatment, huge sums are now spent on health foods and remedies of various
kinds, from vitamin pills to mineral water, not to mention health clubs and keep-fit books
and videos. We are more concerned than ever, it seems, about the water we drink and the
air we breathe, and are smoking less, though not yet drinking less alcohol. This does not
appear to mean that coughs and sneezes have been banished, or that we can all expect to
live to a hundred. To give a personal example, one of my friends, who is a keep-fit fanatic ,
a non-smoker and teetotaller, and who is very particular about what he eats, is at present
languishing in bed with a wrist in plaster and a badly sprained ankle. Part of his healthy life
style is to play squash every day after work, and that accounts for the ankle. He also cycles
everywhere, and if you have ever tried to cycle through the rush-hour traffic with a sprained
ankle, you will understand how he acquired the broken wrist. For health , it seems, is not
just a matter of a good diet and plenty of exercise. Too much exercise can be harmful, as
many joggers have discovered. Eating the right food can easily become an obsession, as
can overworking, which you might have to do so as to be able to afford your membership
of the squash club, your mountain bike, your health food, and a few holidays in peaceful
and healthy places.
diabetes
a fever
flu / influenza
food poisoning
a heart attack
indigestion
inflammation
insomnia
malaria
malnutrition
Challenge to Live a Hundred
measles
a nervous breakdown
pneumonia
rheumatism
scarlet fever
stomach ulcer
a stroke
tuberculosis (TB)
typhoid
Word Meaning
Ex. 1 Match the words in the box with their definitions.
Use a dictionary if necessary.
disease ailment malady sickness illness
a) the state or condition of being sick, whether in body or mind
b) the state of being sick / ill health / inclination to vomit / stomach distress
c) a particular kind of illness with special symptoms and name
d) disease / physical disorder
e) disease / illness (also social / spiritual ...)
87
ILLNESS – DISEASE – CONDITION
Illness: the state of being ill
Disease: refers to a particular kind of illness with special symptoms and name
Condition: a serious problem that affects smth's health permanently
Ex. 2 Choose between ‘illness’, ‘disease’, 'condition.'
1. What did Mr Brown die of? Did he suffer from any chronic __________ or complications
after a serious __________?
2. The __________ was catching and the doctor said he would put me on sick-leave.
3. The flu, scarlet fever and measles are infectious __________.
4. His __________ prevented him from going to school.
5. High blood pressure is a __________ that affects many elderly people.
Ex. 3 Give the English equivalents.
опасные заболевания
недомогание
хроническая болезнь
неизлечимая болезнь
заболевания детей
внезапное заболевание
инфекционная болезнь
серьезная болезнь
социальные болезни
небяспечныя захворваннi
недамаганне
хранiчная хвароба
невылечныя хвароба
захворваннi дзяцей
раптоўнае захворванне
iнфекцыйная хвароба
сурьёзная хвароба
сацыяльныя хваробы
ILL – SICK
In Modern English ‘be ill’ means be in bad health (be unwell).
‘To be sick’ is American English.
In BrE ‘the sick man’ means one who is ill. In this meaning the word
‘ill’ is never used before a noun.
But: ill – tempered / mannered / bred
ill at ease
‘Feel sick’ means to have inclination to vomit in BrE.
Ex. 4 Choose between ‘ill’ and ‘sick’.
1. He was suddenly taken __________.
2. The nurse mixed the medicine and gave it to the __________ man.
3. Some people are motion __________.
4. He woke up with a terrible pain in his stomach and felt __________ too.
5. I can’t travel by air. I’m air__________.
88
Ex. 5 Give the English equivalents.
болеть / заболеть
серьезно болен, неизлечимо болен
осматривать больного
укачивать / плохо переносить полет
часто болеть
испытывать тошноту
плохо воспитанный / невежливый
чувствовать себя не в своей тарелке /
неловко
хварэць / захварэць
цяжка хворы
невылечна хворы
агледзець хворага
укалыхваць / кепска пераносiць палёт
часта хварэць, нудзiць
кепска выхаваны / няветлiвы недалiкатны
адчуваць сябе не ў сваiх санях / няёмка
TO HURT – TO ACHE – TO BE PAINFUL – TO BE SORE
to hurt
1. If a part of your body hurts, you feel pain in it, for example because you have hit it or cut
it or because you are ill.
• My back hurts.
• My shoulder is really hurting me.
• It hurts when I move my arm.
Syn: to ache
If a part of your body aches, you feel a pain in it that is continuous but not very strong –
use this about pains in your arms, legs, or in your head or stomach.
• My arms ached from carrying all the groceries.
• The noise of the traffic made my head ache.
Syn: to be painful
• Jim’s knee was still painful where he had fallen on it.
Syn: to be sore
If a part of your body is sore, it hurts when you touch it or use it – use this about painful areas
of your skin, for example where you have cut yourself.
• Her hands were still sore from scrubbing the floors.
2. If you hurt a part of your body, you injure it or make it feel painful.
• I hurt my finger in the door.
3. If something hurts a part of your body, it makes it feel painful.
• The sun is hurting my eyes.
4. To cause physical pain to someone.
• Put that thing down – you might hurt someone with it.
5. To make someone feel very upset, unhappy, sad, etc.
• I’m really sorry, I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
• What really hurts is that he never even said goodbye.
• The last thing I want to do is to hurt you.
89
Ex. 6 Choose the right word.
1. I sprained my ankle playing football. It ______________ badly. 2. This heavy suitcase
______________ my arms. 3. When I broke my arm last year it ______________ terribly.
4. After climbing the mountain he ____________ all over. 5. This shouldn’t ____________
because I’m going to give you an injection, but you may find that the tooth starts ________
______________ when you get home. 6. He has been in a fight and his jaw ________
_________ badly and his head ______________. 7. I was trying so hard to keep smiling
that my face ______________.
Ex. 7 Translate into English.
1. У меня острая / тупая / постоянная боль в
грудной клетке.
2. У меня болит ухо / голова / живот / глаза /
горло.
3. Она говорит, что у нее болит горло и ей
больно глотать.
4. Вы сильно ушиблись?
5. У тебя все еще болит нога?
6. У меня все болит.
7. На что жалуетесь? Где болит?
8. Она страдает от постоянной головной боли.
9. У меня душа болит.
10. Вам больно глотать?
11. Тебе не вредно пройтись домой пешком.
12. Вы сильно задели его самолюбие.
13. Мне обидно, что он не зашел к нам.
1. У мяне востры / тупы / пaстаянны боль у
грудзях.
2. У мяне балiць вуха / галава / страўнiк / вочы /
горла.
3. Яна гаворыць, што ў яе балiць горла i ёй ба-
люча глытаць.
4. Вы моцна ўдарылiся?
5. У цябе ўсё яшчэ балiць нага?
6. У мяне ўсё балiць.
7. На што скардзiцеся? Дзе балiць?
8. Яна пакутуе ад пастаяннага болю галавы.
9. У мяне балiць душа.
10. Вам балюча глытаць?
11. Табе не шкодзiць прайсцiся дамоў пешшу.
12. Вы моцна закранулi яго самалюбства.
13. Мне крыўдна, што ён не зайшоў да нас.
Word Formation
Ex. 8 Complete the chart.
Nouns Verbs Adjective
—
1.
2. illness
3. ache
4.
5.
6.
7. pain
8.
9. breath
10.
11.
12
injure
swell
cough
sick
feverish
inflamed
cold
hurt
90
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