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Файл:Перевод медицинского текста. Учебное пособие для подготовки к практическим занятиям по дисциплине «Иностранный язык»
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2. Home oxygen therapy can help with symptoms such as breathlessness, feeling tired all the time, memory problems, cough.
3. An oxygen concentrator, large oxygen cylinders, portable cylinders
are 3 types of devices that can be used to give you oxygen.
4. An oxygen cylinder is recommended if you need to have oxygen
for most of the day (including when you're asleep). This is a huge machine
about the size of a home printer and plugs into an electrical socket.
5. Oxygen concentrator will probably be prescribed if you only need
oxygen for a short time – for example, if you need to relieve sudden periods
of breathlessness; it is a small, portable device used outside your home.
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Text 21. Medicines containing iron
Read and translate. Прочитайте и переведите текст
Picture 21. Medicines containing iron
What is this medicine?
IRON (AHY ern) replaces iron that is essential to healthy red blood
cells. Iron is used to treat iron deficiency anemia. Anemia may cause problems like tiredness, shortness of breath, or slowed growth in children. Only
take iron if your doctor has told you to. Do not treat yourself with iron if you
are feeling tired. Most healthy people get enough iron in their diets, particularly if they eat cereals, meat, poultry, and fish. This medicine may be used
for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have
questions.
COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Auryxia, Bifera, Duofer, EZFE, Feosol,
Feosol Complete, Feosol Natural Release, Feratab, Ferate, Fergon, Ferretts,
Ferrex 150, Ferrex-150, Ferrimin, Ferro-Sequels, Ferrocite, FerUS, Hemocyte, iFerex 150, Nephro-Fer, Niferex, NovaFerrum, Nu-Iron, Poly-Iron,
ProFe, Proferrin ES, Slow Fe, Slow Iron, Tandem.
What should I tell my health care provider before I take this medicine?
They need to know if you have any of these conditions: frequently
drink alcohol; bowel disease; hemolytic anemia; iron overload (hemochromatosis, hemosiderosis); liver disease; problems with swallowing; stomach
ulcer or other stomach problems; an unusual or allergic reaction to iron,
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other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives; pregnant or trying to get
pregnant; breast-feeding.
How should I use this medicine?
Take this medicine by mouth with a glass of water or fruit juice. Follow
the directions on the prescription label. Swallow whole. Do not crush or
chew. Take this medicine in an upright or sitting position. Try to take any
bedtime doses at least 10 minutes before lying down. You may take this
medicine with food. Take your medicine at regular intervals. Do not take
your medicine more often than directed. Do not stop taking except on your
doctor's advice. Talk to your pediatrician regarding the use of this medicine
in children. While this drug may be prescribed for selected conditions, precautions do apply.
Overdosage: If you think you have taken too much of this medicine
contact a poison control center or emergency room at once.
NOTE: This medicine is only for you. Do not share this medicine with
others.
What if I miss a dose?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you can. If it is almost time for
your next dose, take only that dose. Do not take double or extra doses.
What may interact with this medicine?
If you are taking this iron product, you should not take iron in any oth-
er medicine or dietary supplement.
This medicine may also interact with the following medications: alendronate, antacids, cefdinir, chloramphenicol, cholestyramine, deferoxamine, dimercaprol, etidronate, medicines for stomach ulcers or other
stomach problems, pancreatic enzymes, quinolone antibiotics (examples:
Cipro, Floxin, Levaquin, Tequin and others), risedronate, tetracycline antibiotics (examples: doxycycline, tetracycline, minocycline, and others), thyroid hormones.
This list may not describe all possible interactions. Give your health
care provider a list of all the medicines, herbs, non-prescription drugs, or
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dietary supplements you use. Also tell them if you smoke, drink alcohol, or
use illegal drugs. Some items may interact with your medicine.
What should I watch for while using this medicine?
Use iron supplements only as directed by your health care professional. You will need important blood work while you are taking this medicine. It may take 3 to 6 months of therapy to treat low iron levels. Pregnant
women should follow the dose and length of iron treatment as directed by
their doctors.
Do not use iron longer than prescribed, and do not take a higher
dose than recommended. Long-term use may cause excess iron to build-up
in the body.
Do not take iron with antacids. If you need to take an antacid, take it 2
hours after a dose of iron.
What side effects may I notice from receiving this medicine?
Side effects that you should report to your doctor or health care professional as soon as possible:
• allergic reactions like skin rash, itching or hives, swelling of the
face, lips, or tongue;
• blue lips, nails, or palms;
• dark colored stools (this may be due to the iron, but can indicate a
more serious condition);
• drowsiness;
• pain with or difficulty swallowing;
• pale or clammy skin;
• seizures;
• stomach pain;
• unusually weak or tired;
• vomiting;
• weak, fast, or irregular heartbeat.
Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to
your doctor or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome):
• constipation;
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• indigestion;
• nausea or stomach upset.
This list may not describe all possible side effects. Call your doctor for
medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1800-FDA-1088.
Where should I keep my medicine?
Keep out of the reach of children. Even small amounts of iron can be
harmful to a child.
Store at room temperature between 15 and 30 degrees C (59 and 86
degrees F). Keep container tightly closed. Throw away any unused medicine after the expiration date.
Task 1. Answer the following questions
1. Is iron used to treat iron deficiency anemia?
2. What are common brand names of iron containing medications?
3. Should you tell your health care provider before taking iron con-
taining medicine?
4. Can you take iron containing medications with antacids?
5. Why should you keep iron containing medications out of the reach
of children?
Task 2. Read and translate the following statement and say if it is
true or false
1. Such problems like tiredness, shortness of breath, or slowed
growth in children may be symptoms of anemia.
2. Healthy diet includes iron, particularly in such products as cereals,
meat, poultry, and fish.
3. Allergic reactions like skin rash, itching or hives, swelling of the
face, lips, or tongue are the signs of anemia side effects.
4. Side effects require medical attention and you must report to your
doctor or health care professional if there are some.
5. Use iron supplements only after the doctor’s advice, particularly GP.
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Text 22. Cholesterol lowering drugs
Read and translate. Прочитайте и переведите текст
Picture 21. Cholesterol lowering drug market segmentation:
indication, drug class, region, distribution channel
Your liver produces cholesterol, which you also get from food that
comes from animals (such as meat and dairy products. You might have a
genetic issue that leads to high blood cholesterol levels, or your cholesterol
might be high due to food choices and lack of physical activity. You can
improve cholesterol levels with a healthy diet and exercise, but if your cholesterol level doesn’t drop low enough to be healthy, your healthcare provider might prescribe medications to reduce the cholesterol levels.
Cholesterol medications list
Types of cholesterol-lowering drugs include: statins; PCSK9 inhibitors; fibric acid derivatives (also called fibrates); bile acid sequestrants (also
called bile acid resins); nicotinic acid (also called niacin); selective cholesterol absorption inhibitors; Omega-3 fatty acids and fatty acid esters;
adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase (ACL) inhibitors. Your healthcare provider will discuss these options with you and together you can decide
which type of high cholesterol medication, if any, would be best for you.
Statins
Statins are one of the better-known types of cholesterol-lowering
drugs. Providers choose these for the majority of people because they work
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well. Statins decrease cholesterol output by blocking the HMG CoA reductase enzyme that the liver uses to make cholesterol. Statins are also called
HMG CoA reductase inhibitors.
Statins also:
• improve the function of the lining of the blood vessels;
• reduce inflammation (swelling) and damage;
• reduce the risk of blood clots by stopping platelets from sticking
together;
• make plaques (fatty deposits) less likely to break away and cause
damage.
These additional benefits help prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) in
people who have had events like heart attacks and in people who are at risk.
What are the side effects of statins?
Like any other drugs, statins may produce unwanted side effects.
These may include: constipation or nausea; headaches and cold-like symptoms; sore muscles, with or without muscle injury; liver enzyme abnormalities; increased blood glucose levels; reversible memory issues.
If you can’t take statins because of the side effects, you’re statinintolerant. With certain statins, you should avoid grapefruit products because they can increase side effects. You should limit the amount of alcohol
that you drink because combining alcohol and statin usage can increase
your risk of liver damage. You may want to talk with your provider or pharmacist if you’re concerned about any other types of interactions.
PCSK9 inhibitors
PCSK9 inhibitors attach to a particular liver cell surface protein, which
results in lowered LDL (“bad”) cholesterol. This class of drug can be given
with statins and is usually for people at high risk of heart disease who have
not been able to lower their cholesterol enough in other ways.
What are some possible side effects of PCSK9 inhibitors?
Possible side effects include: pain, including muscle pain (myalgia)
and back pain; swelling at the injection site; cold-like symptoms.
Cost may be another drawback as these products can be expensive.
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Fibric acid derivatives (fibrates)
Fibric acid derivatives make up another class of cholesterol meds that
reduce blood lipid (fat) levels, especially triglycerides. Your body creates
triglycerides (fats) from food when you consume calories but don’t burn
them. Fibric acid derivatives may also increase the level of HDL, also called
the “good” cholesterol, while lowering liver production of LDL, the “bad”
cholesterol. People who have severe kidney disease or liver disease should
not take fibrates.
What are some possible side effects of fibric acid derivatives?
Possible side effects of fibrates include: constipation or diarrhea;
weight loss; bloating, belching or vomiting; stomachache, headache or
backache; muscle pain and weakness.
Bile acid sequestrants (also called bile acid resins)
This class of cholesterol medication works inside the intestine by attaching to bile, a greenish fluid made of cholesterol your liver produces to
digest food. The binding process means that less cholesterol is available in
the body. Resins decrease LDL cholesterol and give a slight boost to HDL
cholesterol levels.
What are the possible side effects of bile acid resins?
Possible side effects of bile acid sequestrants include: sore throat,
stuffy nose; constipation, diarrhea; weight loss; belching, bloating; nausea,
vomiting, stomach pain. If your high cholesterol medication is a powder,
never take it dry. It must always be mixed with at least three to four ounces
of liquid such as water, juice or a noncarbonated beverage. If you take other medications besides these, make sure you take the other drugs one hour
before or four hours after taking the bile acid resin.
Selective cholesterol absorption inhibitors
This class of medication (ezetimibe) works in your intestine to stop
your body from absorbing cholesterol. These inhibitors reduce LDL cholesterol, but may also reduce triglycerides and increase HDL “good” cholesterol. They can be combined with statins.
Possible side effects include: diarrhea, fatigue, joint pain.
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Nicotinic acid
Nicotinic acid, also called niacin, is a B-complex vitamin. You can get
over-the-counter versions of this, but some versions are prescription only.
Niacin decreases LDL cholesterol and triglycerides and increases HDL. If
you have gout or severe liver disease, you should not take niacin.
What are the possible side effects of niacin?
The main side effect of niacin is flushing of the face and upper body,
which might be lessened if you take it with meals. You might have less
flushing if you take aspirin about 30 minutes before taking niacin.
Other side effects include: skin issues, such as itching or tingling;
headache; stomach upset; can lead to increased blood sugars; coughing.
Omega-3 fatty acid esters and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)
These kinds of drugs, used to lower triglycerides, are commonly
called fish oils. Some products are available as over-the-counter items,
while others are prescription-only (ethyl eicosapentaenoic acid). Here are
two things to consider: Fish oils might interfere with other medications, and
some people are allergic to fish and shellfish.
What are the possible side effects of omega-3 products?
Possible side effects of omega-3 products include:
• belching;
• skin issues like rash or itching;
• gas;
• fishy taste;
• increased bleeding time.
Adenosine triphosphate-citric lyase (ACL) inhibitors
Bempedoic acid works in the liver to slow down cholesterol production. It should be taken with statin medications, but you’ll need to limit your
dosage if you take it with simvastatin or pravastatin.
What are the possible side effects of bempedoic acid?
Some possible side effects of bempedoic acid include:
• upper respiratory infection;
• stomach, back or muscle pain;
• increased levels of uric acid;
• tendon injury.
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What about using red rice yeast or plant stanols (phytosterols) instead
of prescription drugs to lower cholesterol?
Many people say they prefer to take “natural” medicines over prescription drugs. However, just because something is natural doesn’t mean
that it’s safe. The United States doesn’t regulate supplements as closely as
medicines. Supplements can also interfere in dangerous ways with medications that you already take.
However, red rice yeast extract does contain the same chemical that’s
in certain prescription statins like lovastatin. In some cases, you and your
healthcare provider might agree that you should try the supplement with
monitoring.
Plant stanols are another nonprescription choice for lowering cholesterol. Plant stanols stop your body from absorbing cholesterol in your intestines.
You can buy capsules or get plant stanols in some margarine substitutes.
How to take your cholesterol-lowering medicines
When you’re taking medicines, it’s important to follow your healthcare
provider’s advice carefully. If you don’t take medicines exactly as prescribed, they can harm you. For example, you could unknowingly counteract one medicine by taking it with another one. Medicines can make you
feel sick or dizzy if not taken properly.
Taking your cholesterol meds correctly
Medicine can only help you reduce cholesterol if you take it correctly.
• You should take all medicines the way your provider instructs you
to do.
• Don’t decrease your medication dosage to save money. You must
take the full amount to get the full benefits. If your medicines are too expensive, ask your provider or pharmacist about finding financial assistance.
Some companies provide discounts for certain medications.
• Don’t hesitate to let your provider know if you don’t think the med-
ication is working or if you have side effects of cholesterol medicine that
concern you.
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