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10.3. Ƚɪɚɮɢɤɚ*
Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɤɨɦɩɚɤɬɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚ-
ɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɠɢɜɥɹɸɬ Web-ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɭ.
ɉɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɞɟɥɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜɭɸ (ɬɨɱɟɱɧɭɸ) ɢ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɭɸ. Ɂɚɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ, ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɹ ɦɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦ ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ,
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɭɸ ɢɡ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɧɟɡɚɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ.
Ⱦɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜɨɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɺ ɪɟɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ - ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜɵɯ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɮɨɪɦɚɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪ
ɬɪɨɜɨɣ ɝɪ
ɚɮɢɤɟ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɬɨɱɤɚ (ɩɢɤɫɟɥɶ) ɧɟɫɟɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɰɜɟɬɟ, ɹɪɤɨɫɬɢ,
ɦɟɫɬɨɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ. ɉɪɢ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ (ɢɥɢ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɬɶ). ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ. ɗɬɨ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɢɧ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜɵɯ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɨɤ.
Ɉɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜɭɸ ɝɪ
ɚɮɢɤɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɶ ɫ ɜɵɲɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ "ɤɪɟɫɬɢ
ɤɨɦ". ɂɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɲɢɜɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɧɨɰɜɟɬɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ (ɤɪɟɫɬɢɤɨɜ), ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ (ɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɯ, ɜ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɟ). ɉɪɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɪɚ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɝɥɚɡ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɟɬ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ, ɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɢɥɥɸɡɢɹ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɰɜɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ.
ɇɟɩɥɨɯɨɣ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜɨɣ ɝɪ
(ɩɚɧɧɨ). Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɝɪ
ɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɭ ɜɢɬɪɚɠɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɧɨɰɜɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɬɺɤɨɥ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ.
Ɋɚɫɬɪɨɜɵɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɢɧɬɭɢɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɛɵɬɭ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ: ɮɨɬɨɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɫɨɬɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɨɜ ɫɨ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɮɨɬɨɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚɦɢ, ɜɢɞɟɨɤɚɦɟɪ. Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ
ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɫɜɟɬɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɪɢɰ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ. Ɇɚɬɪɢɰɚ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɬɨɱɟɤ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɚ, ɡɧɚɱɢɬ,
ɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ɨɧ
ȼ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɝɪ
ɥɢɧɢɢ ɢ ɮɢɝɭɪɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɚɮɢɤɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ, ɚ
ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɥɨɠɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɚɦɢ (ɤɪɢɜɵɟ
Ȼɟɡɶɟ). ɂɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɧɢɣ, ɢɯ ɤɪɢɜɢɡɧɭ, ɰɜɟɬ, ɦɟɫɬɨɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ.
*Ɋɚɡɞɟɥ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ Ɉɪɥɨɜɵɦ ȼ.ȼ.
ɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ. ȼ ɪɚɫ-
ɚɮɢɤɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɦɨɡɚɢɤɚ
ɚɮɢɤɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧ-
-
62
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Ƚɪɚɮɢɤɚ
Ⱦɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɤɬɧɨɫɬɶ.
ȼɟɤɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɤɚ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɛɟɡ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ (ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɚ ɜ
ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ). Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɯɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɵ, ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɧɵ,
ɥɢɲɟɧɵ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɭ. Ʌɭɱɲɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɟɛɟ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɤɚɤ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ. Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɮɨɪɦɭɥ, ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɢɡ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ.
ɧɢɟ ɫ ɜɵ-
ɋ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɧɚɬɹɠɤɨɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɶ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠ
ɟ
ɲɢɜɤɨɣ "ɝɥɚɞɶɸ". ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɧɟ ɢɡ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ
(ɤɪɟɫɬɢɤɨɜ), ɚ ɢɡ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɯ ɰɜɟɬ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ. ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ "ɝɥɚɞɶɸ" ɜɵɲɟ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɜɵɲɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ "ɤɪɟɫɬɢɤɨɦ", ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ.
Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɮɚɣɥɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜɵɯ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ.
ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɧɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ. ɉɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɟɤ-
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɹɦɵɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɛɨɥɵ.
ɨ
ɬɨɪɧɨɝ
ȼ Web
-ɞɢɡɚɣɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜɵɣ ɢ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɜɢɞɵ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ.
Ɋɚɫɬɪɨɜɵɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ GIF, JPEG
ɢɥɢ PNG. ȼ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚɯ GIF ɢ PNG ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɠɚɬɢɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. ȼ JPEG ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɠɚɬɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɦɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɠɚɬɨɟ
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɯɭɞɲɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ,
ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬ ɤ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɭɠɟ
ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɟɧ.
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ
JPEG (Joint Photography Experts Group - Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɝɪ
ɭɩɩɚ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɦɚɲɢɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ) ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɰɜɟɬɧɵɯ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɣ (ɛɨɥɟɟ 16 ɦɢɥɥɢɨɧɨɜ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɬɟɧɤɨɜ).
ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ JPEG.
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Ƚɪɚɮɢɤɚ
63
ɋɚɦɚɪɚ. Ɏɢɥɚɪɦɨɧɢɹ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɢɞɟɹ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ JPEG ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ. Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ɏɭɪɶɟ.
ɋɠɚɬɢɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɢɡ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɫɠɢɦɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɞɚɥɹɸɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ. Ɍɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɭɛɢɪɚɸɬ ɦɟɥɤɢɟ
ɞɟɬɚɥɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ. ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ
ɪɦɨɧɢɤ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ. ȼɨɡɜɪɚɬ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧ-
ɚ
ɝ
ɧɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɏɭɪɶɟ.
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɲɭɦɨɜ ɢ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɵɯ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ.
ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɢɞɟɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ
JPEG, ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɭɱɟɬɟ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ɑɟ-
ɟ ɜɢɞɢɬ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɸ
ɥɨɜɟɤ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɜɢɞɢɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɯɭ
ɠ
ɰɜɟɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ (ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɚɥɨɱɟɤ ɜ ɝɥɚɡɟ ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɱɢɫɥɨ
ɤɨɥɛɨɱɟɤ). ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɣ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɟɣ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ.
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ɉɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ JPEG ɞɢɡɚɣɧɟɪ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɳɟɬ ɤɨɦɩɪɨɦɢɫɫ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɫɠɚɬɨɝɨ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ.
ɐɜɟɬɨɜɚɹ ɩɚɥɢɬɪɚ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ GIF (ɮɨɪɦɚɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɟɣ
CompuServ) ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɤɭɞɧɟɟ (256 ɰɜɟɬɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɬɟɧɤɨɜ). Ɂɚɬɨ ɮɚɣɥɵ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ GIF ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɚɧɢɦɚɰɢɸ (ɤɚɪɬɢɧɤɢ, ɫɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ
ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ). ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ GIF ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ "ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɵɯ" ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ. Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ, ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ GIF,
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɫɤɜɨɡɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ "ɩɪɨɫɜɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ" ɮɨɧ,
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨ
GIF - ɱɟɪɟɫɫɬɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ. ȼ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ
ɞ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɦ. ȿɳɟ ɨɞɧɚ ɥɸɛɨɩɵɬɧɚɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ
ɱɟɬɤɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɋɟɬɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ. ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɟ ɬɟɪɹɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɧɚ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɯ ɧɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɟɬ.
ɨɯɨɠ
ɂɞɟɹ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ GIF ɩ
ɚ ɧɚ ɢɞɟɸ ɚɪɯɢɜɚɰɢɢ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ LZW: ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɭɱɟɬ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɞɧɨɰɜɟɬɧɵɯ
ɩɢɤɫɟɥɟɣ. ɉɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ GIF ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɬɨɧɧɵɯ,
ɫɯɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ (ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɛɚɧɧɟɪɵ). ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ:
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ PNG (Portable Network Graphics ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɦɚɹ ɫɟɬɟɜɚɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ), ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ, ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɩɪɢɞɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɦɟɧɭ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚɦ JPEG ɢ GIF, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧ ɜɨɛɪɚɥ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɢɯ ɥɭɱɲɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ. Ƚɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 48 ɛɢɬ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ GIF - 8 ɛɢɬ, ɚ JPEG - 24 ɛɢɬɚ. ɉɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ
ɩɢɤɫɟɥɹ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ PNG ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ 256 ɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɣ (ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ GIF ɥɢɲɶ ɞɜɟ
ɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ: ɩɢɤɫɟɥɶ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɟɧ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɟɧ). ɉɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɚɥɶɮɚ-ɤɚɧɚɥɚ. ɇɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ PNG.
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ɋɚɦɚɪɚ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɣ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ
ȼɟɤɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɜ Web-ɞɢɡɚɣɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɦ Macromedia Flash. Ɏɚɣɥɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ SWF.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɥɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ Flash ɧɚ ɗȼɆ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɝɪɵɜɚɬɟɥɶ. Ɂɚɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ (plug-in) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɵ.
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Ʉɪɚɬɤɢɟ ɢɬɨɝɢ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ Web-ɞɢɡɚɣɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ
ɮɨɪɦɚɬɵ: JPEG, GIF ɢ PNG.
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬɵ JPEG ɢ PNG ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ɦɧɨɝɨɰɜɟɬɧɵɯ (ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ) ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ.
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ GIF ɭɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɯɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɢ
ɚɧɢɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ Flash-ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɢɝɪɵɜɚɬɟɥɶ. ɇɟ ɜɫɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. ɉɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɞɢɡɚɣɧɟɪɚɦ
ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɡɜɟɫɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ, ɩɪ
ɟɠɞɟ ɱɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɟɤ
ɬɨɪɧɭɸ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɭ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ.
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ PNG ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɞ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚɦɢ JPEG
ɢ GIF.
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10.4. Ƚɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɢ
ȼɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɚ HTML ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɨɤ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɨɤ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ
ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ (ɜɧɭɬɪɢɫɬɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ), ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚ (ɜɧɭɬɪɢɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɟ), ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ WWW-ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚɦɢ (ɦɟɠɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɟ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ ɮɚɣɥ-ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɱɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚɦɢ (ɦɟɠɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɶɧɵɟ). ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɥɢɧɢɹɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɢ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɉɚɭɬɢɧɵ -
WWW.
ɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ ɫɟɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ URL
(Uniform Resource Locator). URL - ɷɬɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ,
ɚɞɪɟɫ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɭɬɶ ɤ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɦɭ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɭ. Ɉɧ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨɛ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɦ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɟ, ɢɦɟɧɢ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚ, ɢɦɟɧɢ ɞɨɦɟɧɚ. ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɫɹ ɮɚɣɥ, ɢ ɢɦɟɧɢ
ɮɚɣɥɚ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɭ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ-
ɦ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɟ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɭ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ
ɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɞɪ
ɭɝɨ
ɩɪɨɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ:
<a href=" http://www.midi.ru ">Midi-ɦɭɡɵɤɚ </a>
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɬɚɤɨɜɨ: ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɚ Midi-ɦɭɡɵɤɚ, ɩɪɢ ɳɟɥɱɤɟ ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɩɨ
ɚɞɪɟɫɭ http://www.midi.ru.
Ɂɚɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɢɦɹ ɬɟɝɚ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɦ "ɚ", ɢɦɹ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ href. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɬɟɝɟ - ɷɬɨ ɚɞɪɟɫ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ
di.ru). ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɜɟɫɬɢ ɧɚ
(URL=http://www.m
i
ɷɤɪɚɧ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɭ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɬɨɦ ɠɟ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɟ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɵɡɨɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
<a href="glossary.htm">Ƚɥɨɫɫɚɪɢɣ</a>
Ɂɚɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ
ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɩɚɩɤɟ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɦɵɣ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ.
ȼ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ href ɢɦɟɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
glossary.htm
. ɗɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ, ɱɬɨ ɛɪɚɭɡɟɪ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɫɤɚɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɧɚ
ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɟ, ɜ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɣ ɩɚɩɤɟ. ɉɨɞɨɛɚɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ: ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɚɞɪɟɫɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɧɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝ
ɬɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ (ɩɚɩɤɢ). ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɚɞɪɟɫɟ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɧɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧ ɫɟɪɜɟɪ, ɬɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɭ, ɪɚɫɩɨ-
ɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɟ,
ɥɨ
ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦ ɜ ɚɞɪɟɫɟ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɟ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɣɬɚ, ɬɨ ɚɞɪɟɫ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɞɪɟɫɚɰɢɹ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɞɪɟɫɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɚɣɬɚ (Site), ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɬɪɢ
ɩɚɩɤɢ (Folder 1…3) ɢ ɩɹɬɶ We
b
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɫɬɨɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ-
(ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɢɹ, ɩɚɩɤɚ),
-ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ (index ɢ doc1…doc4). Ɏɚɣɥɨɜɚɹ ɫɢɫ-
68
__________________________________________________________________________________
Ƚɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɢ
ɬɟɦɚ ɫɚɣɬɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫɫɵɥɤɭ ɢɡ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ
doc2.html ɧɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ doc3.html, ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɞɪɟɫ doc3.html. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɮɨɪɦɚ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɞɪɟɫɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɚɹ.
ɗɬɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɚɩɤɟ.
ɋɫɵɥɤɚ ɢɡ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ doc1.html ɧɚ
ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɭ doc2.html ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɬɚɤ: Folder2/doc2.html. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɩɪɢɲɥɨɫɶ ɜɨɣɬɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ ɩɚɩɤɢ
Folder2. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɫɵɥɤɢ
ɧɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ
ɢɡ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ doc1.htm
l
index.html ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɞɪɟɫ ɡɚɩɢ-
ɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ: ../index.html. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɧɚ
ɨɞɢɧ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɜɟɪɯ. Ⱦɜɨɟɬɨɱɢɟ ɢ
ɫɥɟɲ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɦ.
ɇɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɨɬ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ doc2.html ɤ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɟ
doc4.html, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɞɪɟɫ ../Folder3/doc4.html.
ȼɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɩɪɢɲɥɨɫɶ ɜɵɣɬɢ ɢɡ ɩɚɩɤɢ
Folder2, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜɨɣɬɢ ɜ ɩɚɩɤɭ
Folder3. Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɞɪɟɫɚɰɢɹ
ɢ
ɭɞɨɛɧɚ ɩɪ
ɫɦɟɧɟ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɚɣɬ. ɏɨɬɹ ɞɨɦɟɧɧɵɣ
ɚɞɪɟɫ ɭ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɚɣɬɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɞɪɟɫɚ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɠɧɢɦɢ.
ɗɬɨ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɟɬ ɨɬɥɚɞɤɭ ɫɚɣɬɚ, ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ (ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɟɪɜɟɪ).
ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɤ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɨɬɦɟ-
ɱɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɧɚ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɣ Web-ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɟ.
<a href="#begin">ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ</a>
ɭɸ ɬɨɱɤɭ, ɹɤɨɪɶ, anchor) ɧɚ
Ⱥɪɝɭɦɟɧɬ "#begin" ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɦɟɬɤɭ (ɨɩ
ɨɪɧ
ɬɟɤɭɳɟɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ, ɤɭɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ. ȼ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɞɟɬ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɟ "ɥɢɫɬɚɧɢɟ" ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɢ ɧɚ
ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɳɟɥɱɤɚ ɦɵɲɶɸ ɩɨ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɟ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ
ɩɪɨɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ. Ȼɪɚɭɡɟɪ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɫɤɚɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɦɟɬɤɭ ɧɚ
ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɟ. ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ
ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɦɟɱɟɧɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɫɬɨɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ:
ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɦɟɬɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɞɨɤɭ-
ɦɟɧɬɚ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ, ɤɭɞɚ ɩɨ ɡɚɦɵɫɥɭ ɞɢɡɚɣɧɟɪɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ).
__________________________________________________________________________________
Ƚɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɢ
ɉɪɢ ɳɟɥɱɤɟ ɦɵɲɶɸ ɩɨ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɟ ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ
ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɞɟɬ
69
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɹɤɨɪɸ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ name="begin". Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɤɢ
ɭɞɨɛɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ (ɤɧɢɝ, ɨɬɱɟɬɨɜ, ɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɣ). ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɨɝɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ
ɢɡ ɫɫɵɥɨɤ ɧɚ ɦɟɬɤɢ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɚɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ ɤɧɢɝɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɫ Web-ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɟ ɩɢɫɶɦɨ,
ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ (ɦɟɠɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɫɵɥɤɚ):
a
<a href="m
ilto:apasamara@aport.ru">
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɟ ɩɢɫɶɦɨ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜɭ Ⱥ.ɉ.</a>
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ mailto: ɭɤɚɡɚɧ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɚɞɪɟɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɢɫɟɦ (ɷɬɨ
ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ href). ȼɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚ (ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɝɚɦɢ) ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɩɨɹɫɧɹɸɳɢɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɝɪɚɬɶ ɪɨɥɶ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɢ. Ɏɪɚɡɚ "ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɟ
ɩɢɫɶɦɨ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜɭ Ⱥ.ɉ." ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɟ ɜ ɛɪɚɭɡɟɪɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɨɣ, ɢ
ɩɪɢ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɟ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɚ ɨɧ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɬɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɤɚɡɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɟɪɫɬ (ɥɚɞɨɲɤɭ,
ɤɢɫɬɶ ɪɭɤɢ). ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ ɢɥɢ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɸ). ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ,
-ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɭ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ We
b
ɳɟɥɱɤɚ ɦɵɲɶɸ ɩɨ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɭ (ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ - button):
<a href="http://www.rambler.ru">
<img src="http://www.aleks.pgati-vt.da.ru/button.gif"></a>
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɳɟɥɱɤɚ ɩɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚ,
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨ ɚɞɪɟɫɭ http://www.rambler.ru (ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɚɹ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ). ɂɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɮɚɣɥɟ button.gif, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧ ɩɨ ɚɞɪɟɫɭ http://www.aleks.pgati-vt
ɤɧɨɩɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ
ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɧɚɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɚ ɜ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɟ, ɢ ɮɚɣɥ ɫ
.da.ru/button.gif". ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɟɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɜɟɪ. ɂɡ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɬɟɝ
a href ="URL" ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɚɞɪɟɫɚ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟ-
ɯɨɞ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ, ɝɞɟ ɜɢɞɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɚ.
əɡɵɤ HTML ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɵɟ ɮɚɣɥɵ, ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɨɦ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ:
Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ
<a href="http://www.aleks.pgati-vt.da.ru/privet.wav">ɩɪɢɜɟɬ</a>
ɤ
ɨɜɨɣ ɮɚɣɥ privet.wav ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧ ɫ ɩɨɦɨ-
Ɂɜɭ
ɳɶɸ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɦɟɞɢɚ (ɦɢɤɪɨɮɨɧɚ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨ-ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ) ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧ ɩɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɚɞɪɟɫɭ (ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨ ɚɞɪɟɫɭ
http://www.aleks.pgati-vt.da.ru/privet.wav). ɇɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɚ ɩɨɹɫɧɹɸɳɚɹ
ɧɚɞɩɢɫɶ ɢ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɚ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɟɬɶ ɬɚɤ:
Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɜɟɬ
ɋɥɨɜɨ "ɩɪɢɜɟɬ
" ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɝɪɚɬɶ ɪɨɥɶ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɢ, ɢ ɳɟɥɱɨɤ ɩɨ ɧɟɦɭ
.
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ ɢɥɢ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚ.
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Ƚɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɢ
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɭ ɧɚ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɮɚɣɥ, ɯɪɚɧɹɳɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɩɚɩɤɟ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɳɟɥɱɤɚ ɩɨ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɡɜɚɧ ɩɪɨɢɝɪɵɜɚɬɟɥɶ mi di-ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɡɜɭɱɢɬ ɞɠɚɡɨɜɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɚ ɢɦɟɥɚ ɜɢɞ:
<a href="jaz.mid">ɞɠɚɡɨɜɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ</a>
Ƚɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɦɟɞɢɣɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜɢɞɟɨɤɥɢɩɵ. ɇɚ ɩɪɨɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɟ
ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɨɤ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɤ ɨɝɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ
ɤɧɢɝɢ, ɨɝɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɚɣɬɚ ɢ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɦ.
Ʌɸɛɨɩɵɬɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɪɬɚ-ɫɫɵɥɤɚ. Ɉɧɚ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ.
ɓɟɥɱɨ
ɤ ɩɨ ɤɚɤɨɣ
-ɥɢɛɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɫɬɪɚ-
ɧɢɰɭ, ɫɚɣɬ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɟɪɜɟɪ, ɚɞɪɟɫɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɥ ɞɢɡɚɣɧɟɪ.
Ʉɪɚɬɤɢɟ ɢɬɨɝɢ
ȼɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɚ HTML ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɨɤ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɛɥɨɤɚɦɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ, ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚɦɢ ɫɚɣɬɚ, ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɚɣɬɚɦɢ, ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚɦɢ.
Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɞɪɟɫɚɰɢɹ ɭɩɪɨɳɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɫɚɣɬɚ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɫɟɪɜɟɪ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɞɪɟɫɚ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɤɨɪ-
ɤɰɢɢ ɫɚɣɬɚ.
ɟ
ɪ
Ɏɚɣɥ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɫɚɣɬɚ, ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɢɦɟɬɶ ɢɦɹ index.html.
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɧ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ.
ɋɟɪɜɟɪɵ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɞ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ Windows, ɹɜ-
ɜ
ɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɨɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɦɢ. ɋɟɪ
ɟɪɵ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɞ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ UNIX, ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɮɚɣɥɵ ɫ
ɢɦɟɧɟɦ foto.JPG ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɨɣ foto.JPG, ɧɨ ɧɟ foto.jpg.
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