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Ʌ. Ⱥ. ɋɚɤɦɚɪɨɜɚ
ȺɊɏɂɌȿɄɌɍɊɇɈ-ɋɌɊɈɂɌȿɅɖɇɈȿ
ɉɊɈȿɄɌɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ
ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂə ɂ ɌȿɊɆɂɇɕ
ɋɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤ
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ȼɨɥɨɝɞɚ
«ɂɧɮɪɚ-ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹ»
2024
1
ɍȾɄ 72.012.1
ȻȻɄ 38.2
ɋ15
ɋɚɤɦɚɪɨɜɚ, Ʌ. Ⱥ.
ɋ15 Ⱥɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɵ : ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤ / Ʌ. Ⱥ. ɋɚɤɦɚɪɨɜɚ. – Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ; ȼɨɥɨɝɞɚ :
ɂɧɮɪɚ-ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹ, 2024. – 320 ɫ.
ISBN 978-5-9729-1928-4
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɵ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɣ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ ɠɢɥɵɯ, ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɨɛɴɟɦɧɨ-ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ, ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ,
ɨɫɧɨɜ ɝɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ BIM-ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɭɤɪɭɩɧɟɧɧɵɦ
ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ 07.00.00 «Ⱥɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ» ɢ 08.00.00
«Ɍɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ», ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ.
ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨ-
ɍȾɄ 72.012.1
ȻȻɄ 38.2
ISBN 978-5-9729-1928-4 ɋɚɤɦɚɪɨɜɚ Ʌ. Ⱥ., 2024
ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ «ɂɧɮɪɚ-ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹ», 2024
Ɉɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ. ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ «ɂɧɮɪɚ-ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹ», 2024
2
ɈȽɅȺȼɅȿɇɂȿ
ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ ...................................................................................... 5
1. ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɈȿ ɆɈȾȿɅɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ
ȼ ɋɌɊɈɂɌȿɅɖɋɌȼȿ .................................................................... 6
1.1. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ...................................... 6
1.2. Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ............... 10
1.3. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɨɬɞɟɥɚɦɢ .......................................................................................... 12
1.4. Ɉɛɦɟɧ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɦɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɦɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɯ ......... 15
1.5. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ........................... 19
2.
ɈɋɇɈȼɕ ɉɊɈȿɄɌɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə .......................................... 21
3. ɀɂɅɕȿ ɁȾȺɇɂə .................................................................... 31
3.1. Ⱦɨɦɚ ɠɢɥɵɟ ɨɞɧɨɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɧɵɟ. Ɂɞɚɧɢɹ ɠɢɥɵɟ
ɦɧɨɝɨɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɧɵɟ. Ɉɛɳɟɠɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɯɨɫɬɟɥɵ. ɇɚɟɦɧɵɟ ɞɨɦɚ ........ 31
3.2. Ɂɞɚɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰ ...................................................................... 44
4. ɈȻɓȿɋɌȼȿɇɇɕȿ ɁȾȺɇɂə ................................................ 49
4.1. Ɉɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ .................................... 49
4.2. Ɂɞɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ .......................... 53
4.3. Ɂɞɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ............ 59
4.4. Ɂɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ .................. 67
4.5. Ɂɞɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɨ-ɡɪɟɥɢɳɧɵɟ ............................................... 77
4.6. Ɂɞɚɧɢɹ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɨ-ɪɚɡɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
4.7. Ɂɞɚɧɢɹ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɭɞɨɜ ..................................................... 84
4.8. Ɂɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɦɧɨɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ........................ 85
4.9. Ɂɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɜɵɫɨɬɧɵɟ ............................................... 87
4.10. ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ....................................................... 97
4.11. Ȼɚɫɫɟɣɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɥɚɜɚɧɢɹ ....................................................... 110
4.12. ɋɬɚɞɢɨɧɵ ɮɭɬɛɨɥɶɧɵɟ ........................................................ 116
4.13. ɏɪɚɦɵ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɧɵɟ .......................................................... 123
4.14. Ɋɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ. Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɹ.
ɉɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ .................................................. 131
4.15. Ⱥɷɪɨɞɪɨɦɵ ........................................................................... 146
4.16. Ɂɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɚɷɪɨɜɨɤɡɚɥɶɧɵɟ ................................ 149
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ...................... 83
3
4.17. Ɂɞɚɧɢɹ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɤɡɚɥɨɜ ................................... 152
4.18. Ɂɞɚɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɜɨɤɡɚɥɨɜ ............................................................ 154
4.19. Ɂɞɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɤɡɚɥɨɜ ................................... 155
5. ɉɊɈɆɕɒɅȿɇɇɕȿ ɁȾȺɇɂə ........................................... 156
5.1. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ .................................................... 156
5.2. ɋɬɨɹɧɤɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ ............................................................ 158
5.3. ɋɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɩɬɢɰɟɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɢ ɡɜɟɪɨɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ................................................... 163
5.4. Ɂɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɢɟ,
ɩɬɢɰɟɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɡɜɟɪɨɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɢɟ .............................................. 165
5.5. Ɂɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ .............................................. 168
6. ɅȿɋɌɇɂɐɕ. ɅɂɎɌɕ ɉȺɋɋȺɀɂɊɋɄɂȿ
ɗɋɄȺɅȺɌɈɊɕ ɂ ɉȺɋɋȺɀɂɊɋɄɂȿ ɄɈɇȼȿɃȿɊɕ. ..... 172
7. ȾȼȿɊɂ. ȼɈɊɈɌȺ .................................................................... 186
8. ɄɈɇɋɌɊɍɄɐɂɂ ɈɄɈɇɇɕȿ ɂ ȻȺɅɄɈɇɇɕȿ
ɋȼȿɌɈɉɊɈɁɊȺɑɇɕȿ ɈȽɊȺɀȾȺɘɓɂȿ ......................... 197
9. ɉɈɅɕ ....................................................................................... 210
10. ɄɊɈȼɅɂ ................................................................................. 218
11. ȾɈɋɌɍɉɇɈɋɌɖ ɁȾȺɇɂɃ ɂ ɋɈɈɊɍɀȿɇɂɃ
ȾɅə ɆȺɅɈɆɈȻɂɅɖɇɕɏ ȽɊɍɉɉ ɇȺɋȿɅȿɇɂə ........... 227
12. ȽɊȺȾɈɋɌɊɈɂɌȿɅɖɋɌȼɈ. ɉɅȺɇɂɊɈȼɄȺ
ɂ ɁȺɋɌɊɈɃɄȺ ȽɈɊɈȾɋɄɂɏ ɂ ɋȿɅɖɋɄɂɏ
ɉɈɋȿɅȿɇɂɃ. ɌȿɊɊɂɌɈɊɂɂ
ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɋɌȼȿɇɇɈȽɈ ɇȺɁɇȺɑȿɇɂə.
ȻɅȺȽɈɍɋɌɊɈɃɋɌȼɈ ɌȿɊɊɂɌɈɊɂɃ ................................. 240
13. ɋɌɊɈɂɌȿɅɖɇȺə ɎɂɁɂɄȺ .............................................. 261
13.1. Ɍɟɩɥɨɜɚɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ..................................................... 261
13.2. Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ
13.3. ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ ........................ 274
14. ɌɊȿȻɈȼȺɇɂə ɉɈɀȺɊɇɈɃ ȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɂ ......... 296
ɇɈɊɆȺɌɂȼɇɕȿ ɋɋɕɅɄɂ ................................................... 305
ɨɬ ɲɭɦɚ ................................................................... 268
.
4
ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ
Ɂɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɨɜɵɯ
ɬɢɩɨɜ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɨ
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɚ, ɷɧɟɪɝɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɚ. ɉɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɚ
ɪɟɮɨɪɦɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ.
ɉɪɟɬɟɪɩɟɥɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ
ɧɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ, ɱɬɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɹ-ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɺɬ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɭɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ
ɗɬɨɬ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɥɟɤɰɢɹɯ, ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ, ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɨɦ.
ɋ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɫɹ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɱɚɫɬɶ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɡɭɱɚɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ.
Ɍɟɪɦɢɧɵ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɣ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ
ɠɢɥɵɯ, ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɧɨ-ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ, ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ, ɨɫɧɨɜ ɝɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ
BIM-ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɦ ɢ ɬɟɦɚɦ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɥɟɤɰɢɹɯ
ɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ. ɋɬɭɞɟɧɬɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ,
ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ.
ɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɴɟɦ-
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ.
ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟ-
5
1. ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɈȿ ɆɈȾȿɅɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ
ɪɭ
ɪ
ɭ
ȼ ɋɌɊɈɂɌȿɅɖɋɌȼȿ
1.1. ɎɈɊɆɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɈɃ ɆɈȾȿɅɂ
ɈȻɔȿɄɌɈȼ ɇȺ ɊȺɁɅɂɑɇɕɏ ɋɌȺȾɂəɏ
ɀɂɁɇȿɇɇɈȽɈ ɐɂɄɅȺ
Ɋɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɟɦɵɯ ɜ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ (ɢɥɢ) ɜ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ.
ɉɟɪɢɨɞ, ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɫɭ-
ɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɟ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹ,
ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɰɢɤɥ
ɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɢɥɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ
ɷɬɚɩɵ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɰɢɤɥɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ (ɜ ɬɨɦ
ɱɢɫɥɟ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɰɢɹ), ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ (ɜ
ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɟ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɵ), ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ, ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɦɨɧɬ, ɫɧɨɫ
ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɨ
ȼɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ, ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɟ
ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹ, ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ (ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ), ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ
(ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɜɜɨɞ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɸ), ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ (ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɟ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɵ), ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ, ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɦɨɧɬ, ɫɧɨɫ ɢ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ (ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɹ
ɞɥɹ ɩ
ɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ).
ɋɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ
ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ, ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
ɨɛ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɟ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɦ
ɜɢɞɟ ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ, ɨɫ
ɠɟɧɢɹ.
ɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɪɯɢ-
–
6
ɪ
ɰɢɮɪɨɜɚɹ
ɪ
ɪ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɚɹ
ɰɢɮɪɨɜɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ
ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɰɢɮɪɨɜɚɹ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ
(ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɚɹ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ)
ɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ,
ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ, ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
ɢ (ɢɥɢ) ɫɧɨɫɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ.
ɫɬ
ɋɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ
ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɟ
ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨɩ
ɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ.
ɋɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ
ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɞɟɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ,
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɞɥɹ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɦ
ɰɢɤɥɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ (ɂɆ ɈɄɋ),
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ
– ɉɪɢɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɰɢɮɪɨ-
ɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ (ɐɂɆ)
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ (ɐɂɆ ɈɄɋ), ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɚɹ
ɰɢɮɪɨɜɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ (ɂɐɆɆ)
ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ
ɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ.
7
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
ɤɨɥɥɢɡɢɹ
ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɞɚɧɧɵɟ
ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɞɚɧɧɵɟ
ɜɚɥɢɞɚɰɢɹ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
ɜɟɪɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ
ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɐɢɮɪɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
ɢɥɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɦɨɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ.
Ⱦɟɮɟɤɬ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ
ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢ.
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ
ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ,
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ,
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɧɨɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ,
ɮɨɪɦɭ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ.
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɛɨɪɭ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ.
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɛɨɪɭ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ.
ɋɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣɫɹ ɜ
ɛɚɡɚɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɟɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ.
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ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɩɪɨɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
ɭɫɢɥɟɧɧɚɹ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɚɹ
ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɚɹ
ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ
ɇɚɛɨɪ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɭ ɩɪɨɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ
ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ.
ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɡɚɞɚɟɬ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ, ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ, ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ
ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ
ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ: ɤɥɸɱɨɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɢ
ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɢ.
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɚ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ
(ɩɨɞɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ) ɢɥɢ
ɢɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɰɚ, ɩɨɞɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ.
Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ,
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ,
ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ, ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɲɢɧ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɩɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɬɟɥɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɫɟɬɹɦ ɢɥɢ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ.
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1.2. ɈɉɂɋȺɇɂȿ ɄɈɆɉɈɇȿɇɌɈȼ
ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɈɃ ɆɈȾȿɅɂ
Ɋɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɢ (ɢɥɢ) ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ.
ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ
ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ.
ɐɢɮɪɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
ɢɥɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɦɨɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ – Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ,
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ. ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ
ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɟɬɫɹ, ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ, ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ.
Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɞɥɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ (ɫɛɨɪɨɤ) ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɫɢ-
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