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ɩɨɪɭɱɧɟɜɨɟ
ɑ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞ ɷɫɤɚɥɚɬɨɪɚ/
ɤɨɧɜɟɣɟɪɚ
ɩɪɢɹɦɨɤ ɲɚɯɬɵ
ɩɪɨɜɨɡɧɚɹ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ,
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɫ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨ-
ɫɬɶɸ ɷɫɤɚɥɚɬɨɪɚ/
ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɫɤɨɝɨ
ɤɨɧɜɟɣɟɪɚ; ɉɗɋɋȻɗ
ɩɪɨɫɬɭɩɶ
ɪɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɬɨɪɦɨɡ
ɪɟɛɪɢɫɬɚɹ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɚɹ
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɚ
ɋɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɪɨɥɢɤɨɜ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɪɭɱɧɹ ɩɨ ɬɪɚɫɫɟ.
ɉɪɢɜɨɞ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɚ ɫ
ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ.
ɚɫɬɶ ɲɚɯɬɵ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ
ɧɢɠɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɷɬɚɠɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɜ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɨ
ɷɫɤɚɥɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɫɤɢɦ ɤɨɧɜɟɣɟɪɨɦ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ.
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɡɚɳɢɬɵ
ɢɥɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɜɫɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ,
ɞɚɬɱɢɤɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɜɜɨɞɚ,
ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɵ
ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ
ɜ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ 5.12.3.
Ƚɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ.
ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ
ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.
ɉɥɨɳɚɞɤɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɪɟɛɪɢɫɬɨɣ
ɩɥɢɬɵ, ɧɟɫɭɳɢɟ ɪɟɛɪɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɦɚɪɲɭ.
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ɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ
ɮ
ɪɭɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɜɨɞ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɥɢɮɬɚ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɥɢɮɬɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɥɢɮɬɚ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɚɹ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɮɬɚ
ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɛɚɥɸɫɬɪɚɞɚ
ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ
ɫɬɭɩɟɧɶ
ɫɬɭɩɟɧɶ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɦɚɪɲɚ
ɬɟɬɢɜɚ
ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɟɣ,
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧ ɢɥɢ ɥɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ.
ɉɪɢɜɨɞ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɚ
ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ.
ɋɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɥɢɮɬɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ.
ȼɢɞ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɭɫɤ ɥɢɮɬɚ
ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɡ ɤɚɛɢɧɵ ɥɢ
ȼɢɞ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɭɫɤ ɥɢɮɬɚ
ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɢɡ ɤɚɛɢɧɵ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫ
ɷɬɚɠɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɨɤ.
ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɛɢɧɵ, ɧɚ
ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧ ɥɢɮɬ.
ɑɚɫɬɶ ɛɚɥɸɫɬɪɚɞɵ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɚɪɧɢɡɚɦɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɦɟɠɧɵɯ
ɷɫɤɚɥɚɬɨɪɨɜ.
ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ
ɧɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɣ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɦɚɫɫ ɢ ɫɢɥ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɢ.
ɑɚɫɬɶ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɚ ɷɫɤɚɥɚɬɨɪɚ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɜ.
ɑɚɫɬɶ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɪɲɚ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɢ ɫɩɭɫɤɚ,
ɢɦɟɸɳɚɹ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɢ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ.
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɰɵ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɤɪɟɩɹɬɫɹ
ɨɩɨɪɧɵɟ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ.
ɬɚ.
182
ɬɪɚɫɫɚ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ/
ɑ
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɱɚɬɨɝɨ
ɩɨɥɨɬɧɚ
ɭɝɨɥ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɚ
ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɵ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ; SIL
ɭɫɬɶɟ ɩɨɪɭɱɧɹ
ɮɚɪɬɭɤ ɛɚɥɸɫɬɪɚɞɵ
ɮɪɢɡɨɜɚɹ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɶ
ɰɟɩɶ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɋɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ,
ɤɨɧɬɪɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɢ
ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɟɝɭɧɤɨɜ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɟɣ/ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ/ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɱɚɬɨɝɨ
ɩɨɥɨɬɧɚ ɩɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ.
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɝɨɥ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɢ, ɩɨɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɞɜɢɠɭɬɫɹ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ, ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɥɟɧɬɚ.
Ⱦɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɗɋɋȻɗ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ – ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɟ SIL 1 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, SIL 3 ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɭ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɚɠɟ ɟɫɥɢ SIL 3 ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ.
ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ
ɦɟɫɬɟ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɩɨɪɭɱɧɹ ɜ ɛɚɥɸɫɬɪɚɞɭ
ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɫ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɧɚ ɧɟɪɚɛɨɱɭɸ ɜɟɬɜɶ.
ɇɢɠɧɹɹ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɛɚɥɸɫɬɪɚɞɵ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɬɪɚɫɫɵ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɚ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɟɣ, ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧ ɢɥɢ ɥɟɧɬɵ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɡɨɪɚ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɶɸ ɢ ɛɚɥɸɫɬɪɚɞɨɣ.
ɋɬɭɩɟɧɶ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɪɲɚ,
ɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɸɳɚɹ ɤ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɫ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɨɣ
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɨɣ ɟɞɢɧɭɸ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɶ.
ɚɫɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɢɡ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ.
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ɲɚɯɬɚ ɥɢɮɬɚ
ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɞɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɟɦɚ
ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɤɚɛɢɧɵ
ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɦɚɲɢɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ
ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɝɨ
ɩɨɥɨɬɧɚ
ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɲɚɯɬɵ
ɲɬɚɩɢɤ ɛɚɥɸɫɬɪɚɞɵ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ
ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ
ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɹ
ɉɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɛɢɧɚ ɢ, ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ,
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɟɫ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɢɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɤɚɛɢɧɵ.
ɒɢɪɢɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɫɜɟɬɭ, ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɞɜɟɪɹɯ
ɤɚɛɢɧɵ ɢ ɲɚɯɬɵ.
Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɫɬɟɧ
ɤɚɛɢɧɵ, ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɟ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɤɚɛɢɧɭ. ɉɪɢ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɞɟɤɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɩɚɧɟɥɟɣ, ɩɨɪɭɱɧɟɣ ɨɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ.
Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɢ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
ɫɬɟɧ ɦɚɲɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ, ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɲɢɪɢɧɟ ɤɚɛɢɧɵ.
Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ ɛɨɤɨɜɵɦ ɬɨɪɰɚɦ ɧɚɫɬɢɥɚ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ, ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɥɟɧɬɵ.
Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɛɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɟɧ ɲɚɯɬɵ, ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɲɢɪɢɧɟ ɤɚɛɢɧɵ.
ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɛɚɥɸɫɬɪɚɞɵ, ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɡɚɡɨɪ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɦɟɠɧɵɦɢ ɳɢɬɚɦɢ ɛɚɥɸɫɬɪɚɞɵ.
Ɋɟɠɢɦ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɷɫɤɚɥɚɬɨɪ
ɢɥɢ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɜɟɣɟɪ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɹɟɬ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɜ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɟ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɚ.
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ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɑ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɷɫɤɚɥɚɬɨɪ
ɷɬɚɠɧɚɹ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɚɹ
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɚ
ɚɫɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɫɨɛɨɣ
ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ.
ɑɚɫɬɶ ɰɟɩɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɢɡ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɨɬɤɚɡɨɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ.
ɇɚɤɥɨɧɧɚɹ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ ɞɜɢɠɭɳɚɹɫɹ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɰɚ ɫ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɩɭɫɤɚ
ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɜ, ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɟɫɭɳɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɟɣ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ.
Ƚɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɚ –
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɚ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ
ɢɥɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɪɲɚ, ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɩɨɥɚ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɠɚ.
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7. ȾȼȿɊɂ. ȼɈɊɈɌȺ
Ɋɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɟ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɞɜɟɪɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɨɪɨɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɧɚ-
ɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɟɪɢ ɢɥɢ ɷɥɟ-
ɜɡɥɨɦ ɞɜɟɪɢ
ɜɡɥɨɦɨɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɚɹ
ɞɜɟɪɶ
ɜɥɚɝɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ
ɞɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɞɜɟɪɧɨɣ
ɛɥɨɤ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɞɜɟɪɧɨɣ
ɛɥɨɤ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ
ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɨɣ
ɤɥɟɬɤɢ)
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɥɢɫɬ
ɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɟɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɜ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɟɦɨɟ ɞɜɟɪɶɸ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ.
Ⱦɜɟɪɶ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɚɹɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɦ
(ɡɚɩɟɪɬɨɦ) ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ
ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɫɚɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɞɚɧɢɟ
(ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ) ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
ɋɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɛɥɨɤ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ
ɞɥɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ.
Ⱦɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɛɥɨɤ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ
ɞɥɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ.
Ʌɢɫɬ ɞɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɚ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɫ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ
ɞɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ, ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ
ɢɥɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ.
186
ɜɨɞɨɧɟɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ
ɞɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ
ɜɨɪɨɬɚ
ɜɨɪɨɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ
(ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ)
ɜɨɪɨɬɚ ɞɥɹ
ɧɟɨɬɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ
ɜɨɪɨɬɚ ɞɥɹ
ɨɬɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ
ɜɨɪɨɬɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɋɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɧɟ
ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɟɛɹ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ (ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ)
ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɯ.
ɉɨɞɜɢɠɧɚɹ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɫɦɟɠɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚɦɢ
(ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɦɢ).
ɉɨɞɜɢɠɧɚɹ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɫɬɟɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɦɚ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɟɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɟɣ
(ɢɥɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ).
ɉɨɞɜɢɠɧɚɹ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɫɬɟɧɵ
ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ
ɡɞɚɧɢɣ.
ɉɨɞɜɢɠɧɚɹ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɫɬɟɧɵ
ɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɤ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ
ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ.
ɋɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ, ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɭɡɥɨɜ ɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ,
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ, ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ, ɷɪɝɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ,
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɨ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ
187
ɭ
ɞɜɟɪɧɚɹ ɤɨɪɨɛɤɚ
(ɪɚɦɚ)
ɞɜɟɪɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɨ
ɞɜɟɪɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɨ
ɫ ɮɚɥɶɰɟɦ
ɞɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɛɥɨɤ
ɞɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɟɦ
ɞɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɛɥɨɤ
ɩɪɚɜɨɝɨ (ɥɟɜɨɝɨ)
ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɠɟɫɬɤɨ
ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɫɭɳɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɨɛɪɚɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɟɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɦɚ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɭɱɧɨɝɨ, ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɢɥɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɨɜ, ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɡɚɩɢɪɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ,
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɋɛɨɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ ɞɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ
ɛɥɨɤɚ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɜɟɫɤɢ
ɩɨɥɨɬɧɚ (ɩɨɥɨɬɟɧ), ɠɟɫɬɤɨ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɤ ɨɬɤɨɫɚɦ ɞɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɦɚ.
ɋɛɨɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ ɞɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ
ɛɥɨɤɚ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɫ ɤɨɪɨɛɤɨɣ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ (ɩɟɬɟɥɶ).
ɉɨɥɨɬɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɚɲɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ
ɛɥɨɤɚ, ɢɦɟɸɳɟɟ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɭ ɩɚɡ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɬɵɤ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɞɜɟɪɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɨɦ ɢ ɞɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɨɛɤɨɣ.
Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɤɨɪɨɛɤɭ (ɪɚɦɭ), ɞɜɟɪɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɨ ɫ ɡɚɩɢɪɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ – Ⱦɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɛɥɨɤ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɪɹɞ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ [ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɜɟɪɟɣ (ɞɨɜɨɞɱɢɤ), ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶ
ɭɝɥɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɧɢɹ, ɝɥɚɡɨɤ ɢ ɞɪ.].
ɉɪɨɟɦ ɜ ɫɬɟɧɟ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɚ ɞɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ.
Ɋɚɫɩɚɲɧɨɣ ɞɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɛɥɨɤ ɫ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɟɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɢɥɢ
ɥɟɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ
ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɚ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1).
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ – ȼ ɞɜɭɩɨɥɶɧɨɦ
ɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɹ.
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ɞɜɟɪɧɨɦ ɛɥɨɤɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɥɟɜɨɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ.
1
ɞɜɟɪɶ
2
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1 – Ⱦɜɟɪɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɝɨ
ɢ ɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɧɢɹ:
1 – ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɟɪɢ;
2 – ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɟɪɢ
ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɫɬɟɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ,
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ
ɞɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɦɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɢɡ
ɞɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ, ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ
ɛɥɨɤɚ ɤ ɩɪɨɟɦɭ, ɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɵɯ ɲɜɨɜ,
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɛɥɢɰɨɜɤɢ ɢ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɩɨ-
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ɞɜɭɩɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɜɟɪɧɨɣ
ɛɥɨɤ
ɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɵɣ ɞɜɟɪɧɨɣ
ɛɥɨɤ
ɞɨɛɨɪɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ
(ɞɨɛɨɪ)
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ
ɨɛɪɚɦɥɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚɩɢɪɚɸɳɢɟ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ
ɡɚɩɢɪɚɸɳɢɟ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɞɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɚ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ
ɨɬ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɲɭɦɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬ ɧɟɫɚɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɚ.
Ⱦɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɛɥɨɤ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɢɡ
ɞɜɭɯ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɨɬɟɧ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɨɞɧɭ ɞɜɟɪɧɭɸ ɤɨɪɨɛɤɭ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɫɬɜɨɪɤɭ ɞɜɭɩɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɞɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ, ɜɬɨɪɭɸ
– ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ.
Ⱦɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɛɥɨɤ, ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɡ
ɦɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɤɥɟɟɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɮɚɧɟɪɵ ɢɥɢ ɩɥɢɬ
ɧɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ, ɧɟɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɵɣ
(ɝɥɭɯɨɣ) ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɨɫɬɟɤɥɟɧɧɵɣ.
Ⱦɟɤɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɨɛɥɢɰɨɜɤɢ
ɞɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ, ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɨɬɤɨɫɵ ɞɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɦɚ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ
ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɵ (ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɩɪɨɟɦɚ)
ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɲɢɪɢɧɵ ɞɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɨɛɤɢ.
ɉɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɢɡ ɫɬɚɥɢ
ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɡɚɡɨɪɨɜ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɨɦ ɢ ɧɟɫɭɳɢɦɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɨɛɪɚɦɥɟɧɢɹ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ
ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ).
Ɂɚɦɤɢ, ɡɚɳɟɥɤɢ, ɡɚɞɜɢɠɤɢ ɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɫɚɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɨɪɨɬɚ ɢɥɢ
ɢɯ ɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɞɥɹ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɡɚɩɢɪɚɧɢɹ ɞɜɟɪɧɵɯ
ɩɨɥɨɬɟɧ ɜ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ
(ɡɚɦɤɢ, ɡɚɳɟɥɤɢ ɢ ɬ. ɞ.).
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