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ɢɧɜɟɪɫɢɨɧɧɚɹ
ɤɪɨɜɥɹ
ɦɚɫɬɢɱɧɚɹ ɤɪɨɜɥɹ
ɨɡɟɥɟɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɤɪɨɜɥɹ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ
ɤɪɨɜɥɹ
ɤɪɵɲɚ (ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟ)
ɦɚɧɫɚɪɞɧɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ
ɰɢɢ, ɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɧɢɣ, ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ, ɫɧɟɝɨɡɚɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪ.
Ʉɪɨɜɥɹ ɫ ɬɟɩɥɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ
ɫɥɨɟɦ ɩɨɜɟɪɯ ɜɨɞɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɤɨɜɪɚ.
Ʉɪɨɜɥɹ ɢɡ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɦɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɟɜ, ɜ ɬ. ɱ. ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ.
Ʉɪɨɜɥɹ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɣ
ɫɥɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ – ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ (ɬɪɚɜɵ), ɜ ɬ. ɱ. ɫɚɦɨɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜɢɞɨɜ (ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ ɤ
ɡɚɫɭɯɟ, ɦɨɪɨɡɭ, ɜɟɬɪɭ), ɤɭɫɬɚɪɧɢɤɢ ɢ
ɞɟɪɟɜɶɹ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ ɭɯɨɞɨɦ ɡɚ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ (ɫɟɧɨɤɨɫ, ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɥɢɜ, ɩɪɨɩɨɥɤɚ ɢ ɬ. ɩ.).
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɦ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɤɪɨɜɥɹ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɡɨɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ, ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɨɤ, ɚɜɬɨɫɬɨɹɧɨɤ, ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɪɨɝ,
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɤɢɧɝɚɦɢ ɢ ɬ. ɩ. ɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ.
ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɧɟɫɭɳɚɹ ɢ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɨɬ
ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ.
Ɉɤɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞ ɫɤɚɬɚɦɢ
ɤɪɵɲɢ.
221
ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɚ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɮɚɥɶɰɟɜɚɹ ɱɟɪɟɩɢɰɚ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɱɟɪɟɩɢɰɚ
ɧɟɬɤɚɧɵɣ
ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶ
ɨɛɪɟɲɟɬɤɚ
ɨɛɴɟɦɧɨ-ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɨɧɧɵɣ
ɪɭɥɨɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ
Ʉɪɨɜɟɥɶɧɵɣ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɩɪɢɤɥɟɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ,
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨ ɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɨɞ ɜɨɞɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɜɟɪ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɪɢɝɪɭɡɨɦ.
ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢɡ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɚ ɫ ɨɬɨɝɧɭɬɵɦɢ ɤɪɨɦɤɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ
ɮɚɥɶɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɤɪɵɬɵɦ
ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ.
Ʉɪɨɜɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɢɡ ɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɤɚɬɚɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɨɰɢɧɤɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɰɢɧɤɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ (ɥɢɛɨ ɫ ɢɧɵɦ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɦ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ) ɩɪɨɤɚɬɚ
ɫ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ, ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɲɬɚɦɩɨɜɤɢ.
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɢɡ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ (ɢɥɢ) ɧɟɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ (ɯɚɨɬɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ)
ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ, ɧɢɬɟɣ, ɮɢɥɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɫɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ, ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ, ɮɢɡɢɤɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɢ ɢɯ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɟɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɯ.
Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɫɬɪɨɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɤɪɵɲɢ, ɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɚɪɧɢɡɭ ɞɥɹ
ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɵɯ, ɜɨɥɧɢɫɬɵɯ
ɢɥɢ ɲɬɭɱɧɵɯ ɤɪɨɜɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ.
Ⱦɢɮɮɭɡɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɥɟɧɤɚ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɫ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɨɣ ɩɟɬɥɟ-
222
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɞ
ɜɨɞɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ
ɤɨɜɟɪ (ɫɥɨɣ)
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ
ɜɨɞɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ
ɤɨɜɟɪ
(ɪɭɥɨɧɧɵɣ
ɢ ɦɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɣ)
ɩɚɪɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ
ɫɥɨɣ
ɩɟɲɟɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ
ɩɨɞɤɥɚɞɨɱɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ
(ɩɨɞɤɥɚɞɨɱɧɵɣ
ɤɨɜɟɪ)
ɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɜɨɞɚ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɚ ɢɡ-ɩɨɞ ɮɚɥɶɰɟɜɨɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɪɨɜɥɢ.
ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɩɥɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ, ɧɟɫɭɳɢɯ ɩɥɢɬ ɤɪɵɲɢ (ɧɚɫɬɢɥɨɜ), ɫɬɹɠɟɤ, ɲɬɭɤɚɬɭɪɤɢ, ɫɬɟɧ ɢ ɬ. ɩ., ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬ ɤɨɜɟɪ (ɪɭɥɨɧɧɵɣ
ɢɥɢ ɦɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɣ), ɥɢɛɨ ɫɬɪɨɩɢɥɶɧɵɟ
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ, ɨɛɪɟɲɟɬɤɚ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɛɪɟɲɟɬɤɚ, ɫɩɥɨɲɧɨɣ ɧɚɫɬɢɥ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɹɸɬ ɜɨɞɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɢɡ ɲɬɭɱɧɵɯ,
ɜɨɥɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɤɪɨɜɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ.
Ɉɞɢɧ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɥɨɟɜ ɪɭɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɪɨɜɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɞɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɜɟɪ.
ɋɥɨɣ ɢɡ ɪɭɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ
ɨɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɨɬ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɨɞɹɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɨɜ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ
ɨɝɪɚɠɞɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɚɹ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɚɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ,
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɟɦɭɸ
ɤɪɨɜɥɸ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɯ
ɨɫɦɨɬɪɚɯ ɤɪɨɜɥɢ, ɬɟɤɭɳɟɦ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɪɵɲɟ, ɫɧɟɝɨɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɢ, ɪɟɦɨɧɬɟ ɤɪɵɲɢ ɢ ɬ. ɩ.).
ɋɥɨɣ ɤɪɨɜɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɥɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɫɩɥɨɲɧɨɣ
ɧɚɫɬɢɥ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɟɝɨ ɨɬ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟ-
223
ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɫɥɨɣ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɥɨɣ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ
ɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɧɟɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɤɪɨɜɥɢ.
ɋɥɨɣ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɜɨɞɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɤɨɜɪɨɦ
ɢɥɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɦ
ɫɥɨɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɝɪɭɡɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɜɪɚ ɨɬ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ.
ɋɥɨɣ, ɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɜɟɪ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɟɝɨ
ɨɬ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɧɹɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ.
ɋɥɨɣ ɢɡ ɪɭɥɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɩɥɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɦɨɧɨɥɢɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɹɠɤɨɣ ɧɚ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɦ ɜɹɠɭɳɟɦ
ɞɥɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɥɨɹɦɢ ɢɡ
ɧɟɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ.
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ, ɤɭɫɬɚɪɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɹ ɫ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɤɨɦɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ – ɉɥɨɫɤɨɤɨɦɧɚɹ
ɤɨɪɧɟɜɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ – ɩɥɨɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɚɹ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɭɫɬɚɪɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɫɨ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɨɦ
[ɤɨɪɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɜ
ɬɨɪɮɹɧɨɦ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɟ (ɫɦ. 3.1.36) ɢ
ɨɛɟɪɧɭɬɵ ɦɟɲɤɨɜɢɧɨɣ].
ɫɥɨɢ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɤɨɜɪɚ
ɋɥɨɢ ɪɭɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɪɨɜɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɦɚɫɬɢɤ, ɜ ɬ. ɱ. ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ,
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɧɚɞ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ
ɜɨɞɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɤɨɜɪɨɦ ɜ ɟɧɞɨ-
224
ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɧɚɹ
(ɛɟɫɱɟɪɞɚɱɧɚɹ)
ɤɪɵɲɚ
ɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɨɣ
ɝɨɮɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ
ɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ
ɧɚɫɬɢɥ
ɫɬɹɠɤɚ
ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬ ɞɥɹ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ
ɬɟɪɦɨɫɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵɣ
ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶ
ɢɡ ɲɬɚɩɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ
ɭɤɥɨɧ ɤɪɨɜɥɢ
ɜɚɯ, ɧɚ ɤɨɧɶɤɟ, ɤɚɪɧɢɡɟ, ɭ ɜɨɪɨɧɨɤ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɬɨɤɚ.
ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɧɟɫɭɳɚɹ ɢ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɡ ɱɟɪɞɚɤɚ,
ɫɨɜɦɟɳɚɸɳɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɤɪɵɲɢ ɢ
ɱɟɪɞɚɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɹ.
Ɇɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɥɢɫɬ ɫ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɝɨɮɪɚɦɢ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɤɚɬɤɢ ɥɢɫɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟɝɢɛɨɱɧɨɦ ɫɬɚɧɟ.
Ƚɨɮɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɢ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɨ
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɪɨɦɤɚɦ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɯ ɤɪɵɲɢ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɤ ɝɨɮɪɨɜ
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟɣ.
Ɇɨɧɨɥɢɬɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɫɛɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ
ɞɥɹ ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɢɠɟɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɭɤɥɨɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ.
ɉɨɱɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹ
ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ
ɞɥɹ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɞɪɟɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ.
Ɋɭɥɨɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ
ɢɡ ɲɬɚɩɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɫ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ.
Ɉɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɩɚɞɚ ɜɵɫɨɬ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɤɪɨɜɥɢ ɤ ɟɝɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɢ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚɯ, ɥɢɛɨ
ɭɝɨɥ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɥɢɧɢɟɣ ɫɤɚɬɚ ɤɪɨɜɥɢ ɢ ɟɟ
225
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɫɥɨɣ
ɯɪɟɛɟɬ
ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɟɣ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɶ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɝɪɚɞɭɫɚɯ.
ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɜ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ, ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɧɟɝɨ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ.
Ɋɟɛɪɨ ɤɪɵɲɢ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɟɟ ɫɤɚɬɚɦɢ.
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11. ȾɈɋɌɍɉɇɈɋɌɖ ɁȾȺɇɂɃ ɂ ɋɈɈɊɍɀȿɇɂɃ
ȾɅə ɆȺɅɈɆɈȻɂɅɖɇɕɏ ȽɊɍɉɉ ɇȺɋȿɅȿɇɂə
ɉɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ, ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ, ɠɢɥɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ – ɦɚɥɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ (ɆȽɇ) ɪɚɜɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɦɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɟ
ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ (ɞɢɡɚɣɧɚ).
ɉɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɭɫɥɨ-
ɜɢɹɦ (ɡɞɟɫɶ): ɉɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɵ
ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ
ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ
ɜɯɨɞ (ɡɞɟɫɶ)
ɚɤɰɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪ
ɚɩɩɚɪɟɥɶ (ɡɞɟɫɶ)
ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ
ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɚɥɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ.
ȼɯɨɞ, ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɚ ɦɚɥɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɜ
ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɧɚ ɤɪɟɫɥɚɯ-ɤɨɥɹɫɤɚɯ.
Ɉɪɢɟɧɬɢɪ, ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ (ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ), ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɦɚɥɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ.
ɇɚɤɥɚɞɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɵɣ ɦɚɪɲ ɢɥɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɟ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɟɫɟɥ-ɤɨɥɹɫɨɤ, ɞɟɬɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɹɫɨɤ, ɬɟɥɟɠɟɤ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɬɢɩɚ ɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ
ɞɭɫɨɦ.
ɋɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɢɤɚ
ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ
ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ
– ɇɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɧ-
227
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ
ɛɥɚɝɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ
(ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ) (ɡɞɟɫɶ)
ɛɨɪɞɸɪɧɵɣ ɩɚɧɞɭɫ
(ɫɴɟɡɞ)
ɛɨɪɬɨɜɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɧɶ
ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ (ɡɞɟɫɶ)
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɜ
ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɢ.
Ɂɨɧɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɥɸɞɢ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɵ ɨɬ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɥɢɛɨ
ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ.
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɥɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɜ
ɫɟɛɹ: ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚ (ɨɡɟɥɟɧɟɧɢɟ), ɦɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɪɨɠɟɤ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɲɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɡɠɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ, ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɡɨɧ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ, ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ
ɪɚɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ.
ɍɤɥɨɧ ɩɟɲɟɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɬɢ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɭɯ
ɪɚɡɧɨɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɥɹ
ɛɟɡɛɚɪɶɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɪɟɫɥɚ-ɤɨɥɹɫɤɢ, ɧɟ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɭɱɧɹɦɢ.
Ɉɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ, ɫɨɜɦɟɳɚɸɳɟɟ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɇɨɫɢɬɟɥɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɦɵɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ, ɡɧɚɤɨɜ, ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ, ɫɜɟɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ,
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ
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ɝɚɛɚɪɢɬɵ (ɡɞɟɫɶ)
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɆȽɇ
ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɣ
(ɛɟɫɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ)
ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬ
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɣ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɞɨɫɹɝɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɚɹ ɤɚɛɢɧɚ
ɭɛɨɪɧɨɣ (ɡɞɟɫɶ)
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ ɫ
ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɫɥɭɯɚ.
ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ (ɜ ɫɜɟɬɭ) ɢ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɟ (ɜ ɱɢɫɬɨɬɟ) ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ (ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɢ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜ) ɩɨ ɢɯ ɤɪɚɣɧɢɦ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɦ ɱɚɫɬɹɦ.
Ɂɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ, ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɷɪɝɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɆȽɇ ɷɬɢɯ
ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ.
ɇɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɵɣ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ, ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɜɫɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɥɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ.
ɉɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ, ɦɟɫɬɚ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɛɟɫɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɚ ɢ
ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɭɫɥɭɝɨɣ.
ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɦɟɫɬ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ, ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
(ɞɨɬɹɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɧɟɝɨ).
ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɚɛɢɧɚ, ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɛɥɨɤɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɭɛɨɪɧɵɯ (ɦɭɠɫɤɢɯ ɢɥɢ ɠɟɧɫɤɢɯ)
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɧɢɬɚɡɨɦ, ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɚɹ ɩɨ ɝɚɛɚɪɢɬɚɦ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚ
229
ɡɨɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɑ
ɑ
ɭɫɥɭɝ
(ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ)
ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞ ɩɨ ɡɪɟɧɢɸ
ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞ (ɡɞɟɫɶ)
ɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɣ ɩɚɧɞɭɫ
ɤɚɪɦɚɧ (ɡɞɟɫɶ)
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɫɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚ ɤɪɟɫɥɟ-ɤɨɥɹɫɤɟ, ɚ ɩɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ
– ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ.
ɋɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɫɬ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ.
ɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɡɪɟɧɢɟ, ɢɥɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɬɚ
ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ
10 %, ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɟ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɟ
ɛɨɥɟɟ 20 %.
ɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ
ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɣɤɢɦ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫ
ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɩɨɪɧɨ-ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ, ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɞɟɮɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɫɥɭɯɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɟɲɚɸɬ
ɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɭ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɸ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɪɚɜɧɟ ɫ
ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɫɪɟɞɨɜɵɯ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɨɜ.
ɋɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ
ɷɩɢɡɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɫɛɨɪɧɨ-ɪɚɡɛɨɪɧɵɣ, ɨɬɤɢɞɧɨɣ, ɜɵɞɜɢɠɧɨɣ, ɩɪɢɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ, ɩɟɪɟɤɚɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɬ. ɞ.
ɇɢɲɚ, ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ, ɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɸɳɟɟ ɤ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɬɢ ɜɧɟ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɨɜ.
Ɂɨɧɵ ɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ, ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɞɥɹ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɧɢɦ ɥɸɞɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ.
Ɉɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɤ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ.
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