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ɧɟɠɢɥɵɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ
ɫ ɝɢɛɤɢɦ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ
ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɩɚɞɟ
ɜɵɫɨɬɵ
ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɸɞɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɨɬɨɤɚ, ɱɟɥ./ɦ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ
ɮɢɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ
ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɤ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ
ɫ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦɢ
ɪɚɛɨɱɢɦɢ ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɦ
ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɥɸɞɟɣ
ɫɚɧɭɡɟɥ
Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɛɟɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɫɭɳɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ, ɜ
ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
ɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ.
ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ, ɫɨɨɪɭɠɚɟɦɵɟ ɧɚ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɰɚɯ, ɛɚɥɤɨɧɚɯ,
ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɚɯ, ɚɧɬɪɟɫɨɥɹɯ,
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚɯ ɢ ɬ. ɩ. ɞɥɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɨɬ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɫ
ɜɵɫɨɬɵ.
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɞɜɢɠɭɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɬɨɤɟ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɧɚ 1 ɦ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɩɭɬɢ ɢɯ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɸ 150 ɦ ɢ
ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɧɚɠɟɪɨɜ, ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɪɢɬɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɢɦɧɚɫɬɢɤɨɣ, ɟɞɢɧɨɛɨɪɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɯɨɪɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɟɣ ɢ ɬ. ɩ.
ɉɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 2 ɱ
ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 50 % ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ.
ɉɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɟ 50 ɢɥɢ
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ.
ɋɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɝɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ, ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶ-
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɟɟ ɩɨ-
51
ɫɬɟɫɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ
ɪ
ɬɚɦɛɭɪ
ɫɬɢɥɨɛɚɬɧɚɹ
ɱɚɫɬɶ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ
(ɫɬɢɥɨɛɚɬ)
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɩɨɞɩɨɥɶɟ
ɭɛɨɪɧɚɹ
ɮɢɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-
ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɡɚɥ
ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɦɚɪɲɚ
ɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɭɧɢɬɚɡɨɦ, ɭɦɵɜɚɥɶɧɢɤɨɦ, ɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɞɭɲɟɦ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ
– ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡ-
ɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ
ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ɂɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ, ɢɦɟɸɳɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜɵɲɟ ɧɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɚɹ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ, ɢɦɟɸɳɟɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ.
ɉɪɨɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɞɜɟɪɶɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɬ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ
ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ
ɫɪɟɞɵ.
Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɰɨɤɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫ ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɨɣ ɜɟɪɯɚ ɷɬɚɠɚ, ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɚɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ.
ɉɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɰɨɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɠɚ
ɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ
(ɛɟɡ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ).
ɋɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɝɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨ-
ɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ, ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɭɧɢɬɚɡɚɦɢ ɜ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɤɚɛɢɧɤɚɯ (ɩɢɫɫɭɚɪɚɦɢ ɜ ɦɭɠɫɤɨɣ ɭɛɨɪɧɨɣ) ɢ ɭɦɵɜɚɥɶɧɢɤɚɦɢ.
ɉɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɸ ɛɨɥɟɟ
150 ɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ (ɛɟɡ ɦɟɫɬ ɞɥɹ
ɡɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ
(ɫ ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ).
Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɰɵ, ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɟɧɨɣ ɢ ɨɝ-
ɚɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɰɵ.
52
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ
ɪ
ɥɟɫɬɧɢɰɵ ɜɵɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ
ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ, ɬɨ ɨɬɫɱɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɬ
ɚɹ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ.
ɤ
ɗɬɚɠ ɫ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɚ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɧɟ ɧɢɠɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ
ɡɟɦɥɢ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ – ɉɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚɯ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɷɬɚɠ
ɷɬɚɠ ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɵɣ
(ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɣ)
ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɵɦ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ,
ɱɬɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ 60 % ɨɛɳɟɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɧɢɠɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɢɥɢ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɩɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ ɷɜɚɤɭɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɫ ɷɬɚɠɚ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɯɨɞ ɧɚ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɭ ɡɟɦɥɢ.
ɗɬɚɠɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɪɚɫɩɨ-
ɷɬɚɠɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɟ
ɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɢɠɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɣ
ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɧɚ ɜɫɸ ɜɵɫɨɬɭ.
4.2. ɁȾȺɇɂə ɈȻɓȿɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɌȿɅɖɇɕɏ
ɈɊȽȺɇɂɁȺɐɂɃ
– ȿɫɥɢ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ
Ɋɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɫɟɬɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ, ɤ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɭ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɹɦ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ, ɨɛɴɟɦɧɨ-ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɦ, ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɸ, ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ.
ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ
Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɫ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɧɚ
ɝɪɭɩɩɵ.
Ɉɛɨɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɩɟ-
ɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ: ɭɫɬɚ-
ɞɟɠɭɪɧɨɟ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ
ɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɟɪɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫɭɬɨɤ,
ɜ ɞɧɢ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɢ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ.
53
ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɥ
(ɡɞɟɫɶ)
ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ
ɨɝɧɟɡɚɳɢɬɚ
Ɂɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɟɫɬɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ (ɫɰɟɧɨɣ, ɷɫɬɪɚɞɨɣ) ɫ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ.
Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɫ ɪɚɫɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɤɥɚɫɫɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɸ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ
ɡɚɞɚɱ; ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɵ ɥɢɰɨɦ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪ ɫɬɟɧ ɫ
ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ
ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɫ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ
ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ.
Ɉɝɧɟɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ
ɧɚ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ
ɩɭɬɟɦ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɟ ɬɨɥɫɬɨɫɥɨɣɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɵɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɜ, ɲɬɭɤɚɬɭɪɤɢ, ɨɛɥɢɰɨɜɤɢ ɩɥɢɬɧɵɦɢ, ɥɢɫɬɨɜɵɦɢ, ɲɬɭɱɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɤɚɫɟ, ɫ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɫɥɨɣɤɚɦɢ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
ɛɟɬɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɥɢɜɤɢ
ɜɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɦɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɩɚɥɭɛɤɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɢɯ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢ.
ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɟ-
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɧɬɫɤɚɹ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɧɬɫɤɚɹ-
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦ
ɉɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ
ɨɩɵɬɨɜ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɧɬɨɦ.
ɉɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɧɬɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦɚ.
54
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɹ
ɦɟɬɨɞ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ
ɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɟɲɟɬɤɚ
ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ
ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ
ɉɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
(ɬɟɤɭɳɢɯ) ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ.
Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɫ ɹɱɟɣɤɚɦɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɞɥɹ ɡɚɫɵɩɤɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ, ɡɚɳɢɳɚɸɳɚɹ
ɤɨɪɧɟɜɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɨɬ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɚɹ ɬɜɟɪɞɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɟɡɞɚ/ɩɪɨɯɨɞɚ.
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɬɚɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ
ɫɪɨɤɚ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɞɨ ɨɬɤɚɡɚ.
ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-
ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ
Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ,
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɟɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɳɟɝɨ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɢ (ɢɥɢ)
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɋɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɟɣ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ:
– ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ;
– ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɟɣ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ.
55
ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɬɢɯɨɝɨ
ɨɬɞɵɯɚ
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ:
Ʉɥɚɫɫɵ ɉɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɢ
ɉɨɥɧɨɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɈɈ
1:1:1
1-4:5-9:10-11
2:2:2
3:3:3
ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ – ɈɈ,
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɳɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
1-4:5-7:9-11 4:0:0
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ – ɈɈ,
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɳɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
1-4:5-9:10-11 0:1:0
ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ – ɈɈ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɳɚɹ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
1-4:5-9:10-11 0:0:6
ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ
1-4:5-9:10-11 1:1:0
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ
1-4:5-9:10-11 0:1:1
ɑɢɫɥɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ, ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ
ɫɨɜ
– ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɲɤɨɥɵ, ɜ
– ɉɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶ 7-ɯ ɤɥɚɫ-
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ 7-ɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ.
ɉɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɝɪ,
ɱɬɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɡɟɪɰɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ, ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɤɚɦɟɣɤɚɦɢ, ɰɜɟɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ,
ɮɨɧɬɚɧɚɦɢ, ɫɬɨɥɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɧɵɯ
ɢɝɪ.
56
ɩɨɥɧɨɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɧɚɹ
ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ
ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ,
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɟ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦ
(ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɹ-
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦ)
ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɹ
ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ
ɰɟɧɬɪ
ɈɈ ɫ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɟɣ
ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɦ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ:
1-4:5-9:10-11
– ɤɥɚɫɫɵ
2:2:2 – ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɢ.
Ʉɨɪɢɞɨɪɵ, ɬɚɦɛɭɪɵ, ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɵ,
ɥɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ, ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɰɵ ɢ ɩɚɧɞɭɫɵ; ɥɢɮɬɨɜɵɟ ɲɚɯɬɵ; ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ.
ɍɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɭɸ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ.
ɉɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɨɩɵɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ.
ɉɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɪɨɤɚɦɢ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ
ɰɢɹ
– ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨ-ɢɝɪɨɜɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ ɞɥɹ
– Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɪɟɤɪɟɚ-
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɫɢɯɨɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ.
Ɇɧɨɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ (ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ) ɡɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɚɬɪɢɭɦɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ, ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɟɟ ɨɛɳɟɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ. ɉɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɣ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɢɦɧɢɯ ɟɥɨɤ, ɦɚɫɤɚɪɚɞɨɜ, ɬɚɧɰɟɜ,
ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ
ɞɨɫɭɝɚ.
57
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ
ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ
ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɤɚ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ
ɤɚɛɢɧɟɬ
ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɹɱɟɣɤɚ
ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɚ
ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ
ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ
ɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɢɡɧɨɫɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ.
ɉɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ
(ɤɥɚɞɨɜɚɹ), ɝɞɟ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɵ
ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ
– Ⱦɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɛɟɡ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ.
Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɮɪɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ, ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɫ
ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɢ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧ.
Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɦ ɛɥɨɤɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ,
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ.
ɉɥɨɳɚɞɤɚ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ
ȻɇɄ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɯ
ɝɪɭɩɩ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ȻɇɄ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ
ɞɥɹ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȻɇɄ ɤɚɤ ɈɈ.
ȼɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚ-
ɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ:
1) ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ;
58
ɭɱɟɛɧɚɹ ɫɟɤɰɢɹ
ɑ
ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɤɚɛɢɧɟɬ
ɮɪɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ
ɮɨɪɭɦ
2) ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ:
1
–4 ɤɥɚɫɫɵ;
3) ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ:
5
–9 ɤɥɚɫɫɵ;
4) ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
10
–11 ɤɥɚɫɫɵ.
Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɧɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ
(ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɤɚɛɢɧɟɬɨɜ), ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɹ, ɪɟ-
ɫɭɪɫɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɢ ɫɚɧɭɡɥɵ.
ɉɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɦ.
Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɹ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɢɞɹɬ ɥɢɰɨɦ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɧɨɣ
ɞɨɫɤɟ ɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɸ.
ɚɫɬɶ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ,
ɭɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɜɟɬɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɨɣ ɜ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ
ɩɨɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɲɟ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɟɦɵɦɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɹɯ
(ɹɪɭɫɚɯ), ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɨɬ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɵ ɤ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɢ.
4.3. ɁȾȺɇɂə ȾɈɒɄɈɅɖɇɕɏ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɌȿɅɖɇɕɏ
ɈɊȽȺɇɂɁȺɐɂɃ
Ɋɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɫɬɪɨɹɳɢɯɫɹ, ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ, ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ (ɞɚɥɟɟ
ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɚɹ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ; (ȾɈɈ)
– ȾɈɈ).
Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ,
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɟɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ-
59
ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ
ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ
ɝɪɭɩɩɚ
ɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪ ɢ ɭɯɨɞ ɡɚ
ɞɟɬɶɦɢ.
Ɏɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ, ɢɦɟɸɳɟɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɜ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢ (ɢɥɢ) ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ, ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨ-ɦɟɞɢɤɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɡ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ.
Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ
ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ (ɹɱɟɣɤɚ) ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ
ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: ɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪ, ɭɯɨɞ, ɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ
– ɩɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ:
– ȼɢɞɵ ɝɪɭɩɩ:
ɹɫɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ (ɨɬ
ɞɜɭɯ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ ɞɨ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ) ɢ ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨ (ɨɬ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ ɞɨ ɬɪɟɯ ɥɟɬ)
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɨɜ; ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɨɬ
ɬɪɟɯ ɥɟɬ ɞɨ ɫɟɦɢ ɥɟɬ;
– ɩɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɭ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ:
ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ
5 ɱ, ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ
ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ (10,5
ɞɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ
– (13–14 ɱ), ɤɪɭɝɥɨɫɭ-
ɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ
– (8–10 ɱ),
– ɞɨ 12 ɱ), ɩɪɨ-
– 24 ɱ; ɩɨ ɡɚ-
– ɞɨ
ɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ (ɡɚɤɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ) ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ
ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɞɧɢ.
– ɩɨ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɝɟɧɬɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ: ɩɪɟɢɦɭ-
ɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɧɟ ɧɭɠɞɚɸ-
60
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