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Файл:Английский язык. Учебное пособие по английскому языку направления подготовки бакалавров 221700 – «Стандартизация и метрология»
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7. The final phase comprises the formal ______ of the resulting draft
International Standard.
a) improvement
b) situation
c) approval
8. Most standards require ______ revision.
a) periodic
b) annual
c) monthly
9. ______ factors combine to render a standard out of date.
a) several
b) all
c) many
10. To take account of these factors, ISO has established the general rule
that all ISO standards should be reviewed at intervals of not more than
______ years.
a) three
b) five
c) four
Unit 9
I. INFORMATION FOR STUDY
Прочтите следующую информацию и запишите на полях
основные термины, связанные с тематикой текста.
II. VOCABULARY:
quality – качество
mere – простой
essential – существенный; необходимый
tool – инструмент
team – команда
resource – ресурс
root – корень
to trace – прослеживать
attempt - попытка
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notably – особенно
concept – концепция
gurus – духовные наставники; учителя
to extend – расширять; простираться
acknowledgement – подтверждение
prominently – заметно
brainstorming – внезапная идея, плодотворная мысль(амер.);
душевное потрясение
chart – диаграмма
motivation – побуждение, мотивация
histograms –исторические диаграммы
commitment – обязательство
ability – способность
conversely – наоборот
inspire-вдохновение
TEXT 9A
QUALITY MANAGEMENT HISTORY, GURUS, TQM
THEORIES, PROCESS IMPROVEMENT
The history of quality management, from mere 'inspection' to Total
Quality Management, and its modern 'branded interpretations such as 'Six
Sigma', has led to the development of essential processes, ideas, theories
and tools that are central to organizational development, change
management, and the performance improvements that are generally
desired for individuals, teams and organizations.
These free resources, materials and tools are an excellent guide to
the quality management area, for practical application in organizations, for
study and learning, and for teaching and training others.
History of quality management.
The roots of Total Quality Management can be traced to early 1920's
production quality control ideas, and notably the concepts developed in
Japan beginning in the late 1940's and 1950's, pioneered there by
Americans Feigenbum, Juran and Deming.
Quality management gurus and theories.
Quality Management resulted mainly from the work of the quality
gurus and their theories: the American gurus featured in the 1950's Japan:
Joseph Juran, W Edwards Deming, and Armand Feigenbum; the Japanese
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quality gurus who developed and extended the early American quality
ideas and models: Kaoru Ishikawa, Genichi Taguchi, and Shigeo Shingo;
and the 1970-80's American Western gurus, notably Philip Crosby and
Tom Peters, who further extended the Quality Management concepts after
the Japanese successes.
Total Quality Management.
Total Quality Management features centrally the customer-supplier
interfaces, (external and internal customers and suppliers). A number of
processes sit at each interface. Central also is an organizational
commitment to quality, and the importance of communicating this quality
commitment, together with the acknowledgement that the right
organizational culture is essential for effective Total Quality
Management.
Processes - understanding processes and methods for process
improvement. Understanding processes is essential before attempt is made
to improve them. This is a central aspect to Total Quality Management,
and also to more modern quality and process improvement interpretations
and models such as Six Sigma.
Quality process improvement tools and techniques.
A wide range of tools and techniques is used for identifying,
measuring, prioritizing and improving processes which are critical to
quality. Again these ideas and methods feature prominently in modern
interpretations of Total Quality Management methodology, such as Six
Sigma. These process improvement tools and techniques include: DRIVE
(Define, Review, Identify, Verify, Execute), process mapping, flowcharting, force field analysis, cause and effect, brainstorming, Pareto
analysis, Statistical Process Control (SPC), Control charts, bar charts, 'dot
plot' and tally charts, check-sheets, scatter diagrams, matrix analysis,
histogram.
Developing people and teams.
People are a fundamental component within any successfully developing
organization. Take away the people and the organization is nothing. Take
away the people's motivation, commitment and ability to work together in
well-organized teams, and again, the organization is nothing. Conversely,
inspire the people to work well, creatively, productively, and the
organization can fly. Logically therefore, the development and proper
utilization of people are vital to the success of all quality management
initiatives. There are a wide range of models that are used in selecting,
organizing, developing, training and motivating people.
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EXERCISES:
1. Письменно переведите текст на русский язык, используя
словарь.
2.Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы и запишите
их:
1. What has the history of quality management led to?
2. Who was the pioneer of quality management?
3. What is a central aspect to Total Quality Management?
4. What is a wide range of tools and techniques used for?
5. What can you say about developing people and teams in the
organization?
3.Переведите следующие наречия с суффиксом –ly на русский
язык:
Productively, conversely, logically, creatively, notably, centrally,
prominently, tally.
4. Подберите пары синонимов:
tool, mere, essential, to trace, contemporary, equipment, simple,
important, to follow, modern.
5. Закончите следующее предложения по смыслу:
The history of quality management is led to…
The roots of Total Quality Management can be…
Management features…
Understanding processes is…
A wide range of tools and techniques is used for…
People are…
TEXT 9B
ISO SAFETY STANDARD WILL ENCOURAGE MARKET FOR
ROAD VEHICLES POWERED BY NATURAL GAS
75
An ISO standard is expected to increase the market for road
vehicles powered by natural gas by making the on-board storage of this
alternative fuel even safer. ISO 19078:2006, Gas cylinders – Inspection of
the cylinder installation, and requalification of high pressure cylinders for
the on-board storage of natural gas as a fuel for automotive vehicles, is
both important and timely.
It is important because maintaining gas cylinders in good working
order is vital to the future of cleaner fuels and because it provides
guidance for regulatory authorities, vehicle manufacturers and end users.
It is timely because there more than 5.5 million vehicles worldwide fueled
by natural gas and with increasing public concern over health issues
related to pollution, along with rising oil prices, that number is expected
increase over the coming years.
Since natural gas is stored on board vehicles in high pressure
cylinders, safety aspects are of prime importance. ISO 19078:2006
provides information and procedures for the periodic visual examination
and inspection of natural gas fuel cylinders and the condition of the
installation. Specifying inspection requirements, it defines damage
criteria, as well issues related to manufacturing, maintenance, disposal of
damaged cylinders, inspection equipment and the qualification of
inspectors.
The new standard contains guidance for the inspection of the
cylinders in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations and to
meet the requirements of ISO 11439:2000, Gas cylinders – High pressure
cylinders for the on-board storage of natural gas as a fuel for automotive
vehicles, and provides criteria for acceptance or rejection in the absence of
guidance from the manufacturer, with subsequent disposal as necessary.
EXERCISES:
1. Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы и запишите
их:
1. What is ISO 19078:2006 standard?
2. What does ISO 19078:2006 provide?
3. What does ISO 19078:2006 contain?
2.Письменно выразите главную идею текста:
The paper is devoted to (is concerned with) ….
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weightlessness, production, separately, development,
The paper deals with ….
The purpose of the paper is to show ….
Special attention is paid (given) to ….
Some factors are taken into consideration (account) ….
3. Определите, к каким частям речи относятся следующие
слова и переведите их:
requirement, constituent, scientific, distance, agronomist, ancient,
density, differ, hardness, structural, various, magnificent, presence,
property, culture, conductor, presentation, probably.
4. Напишите глаголы, соответствующие следующим словам:
surprisingly, difference, equipment, mixture, coming,
movement, disappearance, functional.
5.Образуйте прилагательные от следующих существительных:
magnet, industry, absence, speciality, weight, probability, orbit,
dynamics, preparation, supertransparency, independence, gravitation,
superpurity, difficulty, variety.
III. CONTROL TASK
Прочтите текст C, переведите его, изложите краткое содержание
текста на английском языке в письменной форме.
TEXT 9C
WELDING QUALITY ASSUARANCE (ISO 3834)
Welding is a so-called “special” process, which means that you
cannot make a complete verification of the welded joint without
destroying it. To examine the mechanical properties, you have to take
samples from the welded product. Therefore you have to build quality in
from the beginning.
To ensure the proper quality of your welded product and to
optimize your manufacturing cost, the whole welding process must be
77
controlled from the very start. To take all welding quality affecting
aspects into consideration, the welding shop is recommended to
implement a quality assurance system. The standard ISO 3834 sets out
requirements for manufacturers to meet, in order to apply good practice to
their welding operations.
There are several steps in a Welding Quality Assurance; to make
sure the welding shop has competent welders, there are standardized ways
to test the welders. If required you also use written welding instructions
and/or so called Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS) in order to
increase the possibility of consistant quality. The WPS must be qualified,
i.e. the WPS has to be based on a WPQR, Welding Procedure
Qualification Record. The WPQR explains that, if you follow the WPS,
you will have a good chance to weld a joint with the expected properties.
The person responsible for welding, or the welding coordinator, in
the welding shop, is responsible for the welders’ competence and the
education and the management of the welders. The coordinators´
competence requirements, the tasks and responsibilities, are regulated in
the standard ISO 14731.
To make sure your welding process is of good quality you need to
implement a Welding Quality Assurance System. Inspecta is an accredited
certification body for the certification of welders, qualification of welding
procedures and certification of welding shops/welding companies for ISO
3834.
IV. TEST
Выберите правильный вариант ответа:
1. The ________ of quality management has led to the development of
essential processes, ideas, theories and tools that are central to
organizational development, change management, and the performance
improvements that are generally desired for individuals, teams and
organizations.
a) culture
b) history
c) knowledge
2. These free resources, materials and tools are an excellent guide to the
________ management area, for practical application in organizations, for
study and learning, and for teaching and training others.
a) quality
78
b) quantity
c) cost
3. Management features centrally the customer-supplier ________.
a) interfaces
b) fakes
c) looks
4. Central ________ is an organizational commitment to quality.
a) not yet
b) already
c) also
5. The right ________ culture is essential for effective Total Quality
Management.
a) public
b) organizational
c) scientific
6. Understanding processes is essential ________ attempt is made to
improve them.
a) after
b) between
c) before
7. A ________ range of tools and techniques is used for identifying,
measuring, prioritizing and improving processes which are critical to
quality.
a) wide
b) narrow
c) middle-sized
8. ________ are a fundamental component within any successfully
developing organization. Take away the people and the organization is
nothing.
a) pupils
b) People
c) children
9. Take away the people's motivation, commitment and ability to work
together in well-organized teams, and again, the organization is ________.
a) everything
b) something
c) nothing
10. Take away the________ motivation, commitment and ability to
work in well-organized teams, and again, the organization is nothing.
a) people’s
79
b) director’s
c) teacher’s
Unit 10
I. INFORMATION FOR STUDY
Прочтите следующую информацию и запишите на полях
основные термины, связанные с тематикой текста.
II. VOCABULARY:
to define – определять
set – направление; комплект
output – выпуск
intangible – неосязаемый
indictors – индикатор
assessment – оценка
framework – структура
benchmarking – эталонное тестирование
blueprint – проект
implementation – выполнение
teamwork – взаимодействие
ongoing - продолжающийся
equipment -оборудование
complex - сложный
workplaces – рабочее место
chain - цепочка
benchmarking – сравнительный анализ
define –определять, устанавливать значение
рerformance - исполнение
questionnaire – вопросник, анкета
assess - оценивать
implement – выполнять, принадлежность
framework - каркас
TEXT 10A
QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
80
A 'Total Quality Organization' generally benefits from having an
effective Quality Management System (QMS). A Quality Management
System is typically defined as: "A set of coordinated activities to direct
and control an organization in order to continually improve the
effectiveness and efficiency of its performance." Customer expectations
inevitably drive and define 'performance' criteria and standards. Therefore
Quality Management Systems focus on customer expectations and
ongoing review and improvement.
Performance measurement and management.
There are many ways to measure organizational performance
other than financial output or profit. Modern measurement focuses on the
essential activities, resources and other factors - many less intangible than
traditional indictors - that impact on final outputs. These include modern
methods such as 'Balanced Scorecard.
Excellence and the European Quality Management Model .
The European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM)
Excellence Model is a useful framework for developing quality and
excellence within an organization. Any organization can assess itself
provided the commitment to, and a framework for the self-assessment.
TQM benchmarking and questionnaire (readiness for benchmarking).
Benchmarking is a widely used term within the field of organizational
measurement and management.
TQM implementation framework and blueprint.
Here is a framework and 'blueprint' for the implementation of a quality
improvement or 'excellence' initiative. It includes the following elements:
- TQM Processes.
- Tools and techniques.
- People and teamwork.
- Quality management system.
- Performance measurement.
- EFQM Excellence Model.
- Self-assessment.
This blueprint for achieving organizational excellence is based on
many years of research, education and advisory work in the European
Centre for Business Excellence (ECforBE).
EXERCISES:
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