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Файл:Английский язык. Базовый курс. Учебное пособие
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Answer the questions:
1. What Canada is a good example of?
2. Does Canada have ties with Great Britain?
3. What is Canada’s oldest province? What can you say about it?
4. What can you say about the province of Ontario?
5. What is the capital of Canada?
Text 3. Sydney
Vocabulary:
pretty — милый, прелестный;
unlike — в отличие от;
coastline — береговая линия;
Sydneysider — сиднеец;
hub — центр;
downside — недостаток;
iconic landmark — культовая достопримечательность;
overseas — за границей;
vibrant — оживленный.
Sydney is the largest Australian city, but it is not the capital of Australia. Similar to the US that has a purpose-built capital (Washington), Australia chose to build
its capital (Canberra) in between two largest cities (Sydney and Melbourne).
Sydney is a very pretty city. However, unlike Moscow or St Petersburg, Syd-
ney’s beauty does not come from its historical buildings or unique architecture. Being
just over 200 years old, Sydney does not have as much history as most European cities do. Sydney’s beauty comes from its amazing coastline.
Sydney was originally built around the harbour, which happens to be the
world’s largest natural harbour. It means that many Sydneysiders and visitors are often not too far from the water and can either walk to it, or drive to it.
There are more than 70 beaches in Sydney. Probably the most well-known
ones are Bondi beach, and Manly Beach. They are very large and can easily be accessed by public transport, which makes them very popular among tourists and locals, who do not want to be looking for parking.
Like many other large cities in the world, Sydney has a CBD (Central Business
District), which has many tall buildings, museums and many offices. It is very busy
during the work week, and gets much quieter on the weekends. In addition to CBD,
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there are other business hubs throughout the city — some are located on the North
Shore of Sydney, and some in the West.
In addition to the coastline, Sydney has some nice parks. So when you look on
Sydney from above, it looks quite green. This makes Sydney a pleasant place to live
and raise a family.
A big difference between Russian cities and Sydney is that most people in
Sydney live in smaller buildings. In fact, Sydney is often called a ‘city of villages’, as
most Sydney does not look like a large city. Sydneysiders are very proud of this ‘village’ feel and see it as a big contributor to a good work-life balance. The downside of
this ‘village feel’ is that the city is very spread-out, and it can take you a long time to
get from one end of the city to another end.
When people think of Sydney, they think about the iconic landmarks — the
Opera House and the Harbour Bridge. These symbols of Sydney are located next to
each other, which is very convenient for tourists.
Sydney is a very multicultural place. You can see people of all nationalities and
races in Sydney. In fact, more than 30% of Sydney population was born overseas.
This makes Sydney very vibrant, as there are different restaurants, holidays, traditions, etc. Sydney is definitely worth visiting at least once.
Answer the questions:
1. Is Sydney the capital of Australia? What city is the capital of the country?
2. What Sydney can boast of?
3. Where was Sydney originally built?
4. How many beaches are there in Sydney? Which of them are the most popular?
5. What can you say about Sydney’s Central Business District?
6. Why is Sydney called the ‘city of villages’?
7. What are the most well-known landmarks of Sydney?
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UNIT 6
TOPIC 9. MY FUTURE PROFESSION AND BUSINESS ETIQUETTE
Text 1. My future profession (Business Economics)
Vocabulary:
broad outlook — широкая перспектива;
to encourage me in my desire — поощрять меня в моем желании;
a blind choice — слепой выбор;
a sudden flash — внезапная вспышка;
to opt — выбирать (решить);
to arise — возникать;
to get interested in — заинтересовываться;
to affect — затрагивать;
to be concerned — быть заинтересованным;
to justify the hopes of my parents — оправдывать надежды моих родителей;
wide range — широкий диапазон, круг, область, сфера;
to run — управлять;
to raise money for charities — собирать деньги на благотворительность.
There are many interesting and useful professions and it is really not an easy
task to choose the right one.
I began to think about my future profession at the age of 15. My favourite subjects at school were mathematics and English. My teachers were well-educated people with broad outlook and deep knowledge of the subjects. They encouraged me in
my desire to become an economist. Now I know well what I'm going to do after leaving school. I didn't make a blind choice. It was not a sudden flash either. I opted for a
career in business economics. I came to this decision little by little. It was my father
who aroused my interest in that field. You see, he is a chief economist at a large plant
and I often saw him work at home and discuss business matters with his colleagues.
Later I got interested in the matter.
Economics is the science of making choices, which is based upon the facts of
our everyday life. Economists study our everyday life and the system, which affects
it. They try to describe the facts of the economy in which we live and to explain how
the system works. The science of economics is concerned with all our material needs
and wants.
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To become a good specialist in economic matters and business one must know
many sciences, such as business economics, finance and credits, statistics, history of
economic theory and philosophy, mathematics, as well as economic management,
trade business and, of course, marketing, which is a modern philosophy of business.
It is very important for a specialist in business matters to be a skilful user of computers and to speak at least one foreign language. It should better be English as it is the
most popular language of international business communication. You'll be able to follow business developments in the world by listening to radio and TV news, by reading newspapers or magazines, or by getting in contact with your business partners
abroad.
If I pass my entrance exams successfully and enter the University, I'll try to
study to the best of my abilities to achieve my life's ambition and to justify the hopes
of my parents. I also hope that I'll never regret my choice and get a well-paid and interesting job afterwards.
Maybe I should consider a job in a world of banking. There's a surprisingly
wide range to choose from, in the financial world. For example, I could work for a
big international company, run my own company, write about economics as a financial journalist, run my own International Business Research Agency, raise money for
charities or just sell famous paintings...
Answer the questions:
1. When did you start to think about your future profession?
2. What professions do you like best of all?
3. Who helped you to make your choice?
4. What do you know about your future profession?
5. What are your parents 'professions ?
6. What do you know about them?
7. Have you got any traditional professions in your family?
8. Is your future profession interesting and modern?
Text 2. My future profession (Teaching)
Vocabulary:
independent — независимый;
school leaver — выпускник;
to exist — существовать;
to follow the advice — следовать совету;
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to make a choice — делать выбор;
sudden flash — неожиданная вспышка;
source — источник;
office hours — «присутственные часы».
Finishing school is the beginning of the independent life for millions of school
leavers. Many roads are opened before them: vocational and technical schools, institutes and universities. But it is not an easy thing to choose a profession out of more
than 2,000 existing in the world. Some pupils follow the advice of their parents, others can't decide even after leaving school.
As for me, I made my choice long ago. I want to become a teacher of the Russian language and literature. My choice of this occupation didn't come as a sudden
flash. During all school years literature was my favourite subject. I've read a lot of
books by Ukrainian and foreign writers. I understand that reading books helps people
in self education and in solving different life problems.
I would like to teach my pupils to enjoy reading, to encourage them to learn
our national language and literature, which is the source of national culture. It is
known that teaching is a very specific and difficult job. It shouldn't be taken easily.
The teacher is a person who is learning as well as teaching all his life.
Most jobs can be done within the usual office hours from 9 a.m. till 5 p.m., but
teacher's work is never done and evenings are usually spent in marking exercisebooks and preparing for the next lesson.
Teachers do not only teach their subjects. They develop their pupils' intellect,
form their views and characters, their attitudes to life and to other people. It's a great
responsibility and the teacher must be a model of competence himself.
It's not as easy as it may seem at first. But I think that love for children combined with the knowledge I'll get at the University would be quite enough to succeed
in my work.
I'm applying to the philological department and I am sure my dream will come
true sooner or later.
Answer the questions:
1. What roads are opened before school leavers?
2. Is it an easy thing to choose a profession?
3. What does reading books help in?
4. Why is teaching a very specific and difficult job?
5. What would be enough to succeed in your work?
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Text 3. International Business Etiquette — definition and tips
Business etiquette is about building relationships with other people. Etiquette is
not about rules and regulations but is about providing basic social comfort and creating an environment where others feel comfortable and secure, this is possible through
better communication.
Social media communication platforms (i.e. Facebook, Linkedin) are evolving
rapidly day by day, as the concept of social media etiquette becomes a crucial part of
business. Business etiquette consists of two things. Firstly, thoughtful consideration
of the interests and feelings of others and secondly, being able to minimize misunderstandings. These are influenced by individual behaviour and demeanour. Business
etiquette instructs this behaviour.
Business etiquette differs from region to region and from country to country.
This creates a complex situation for people as it is hard to balance the focus on both
international business etiquette and other business activities at the same time. Therefore, a wise step is to focus on some key pillars of business etiquette.
Here are some key business etiquette tips that mean real success to business:
‘Thank You’ Note
If you want to differentiate yourself from others then never forget to write a
‘Thank You’ note to your job interviewer or your client. This will leave a good im-
pression and also reflect well on your company.
Know the Names
Give others respect by knowing their names which will increase goodwill and
communication. it is also worth management stepping back and acknowledging people individually for their good work as this will enhance their self esteem and increase motivation.
Observe the ‘Elevator Rule’
Be mindful of saying appropriate things at a job interview or client meeting.
Don’t start discussing business with a client or interviewer as soon as you step out of
the lift. By doing so, you avoid the risk of damaging your reputation.
Focus on the Face, Not the Screen
Never forget to switch off your phone and try not to use any other device just
to prove you are a multitasking individual. In fact, in the world of business this is
considered bad manners. Concentrate on the meeting and listen to what people are
saying.
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Don’t Judge
Everyone is unique in their own way and uses a different approach to deal with
situations. Therefore, if you disagree with another person’s approach instead of criticising try to understand it from their point of view. By doing so, you create a friendly
environment. Always remember you get respect by giving respect.
Whether in business or between individuals, one concern is brand awareness.
Individuals want to be noticed both socially and professionally. People want to be
remembered by others.
However, in the digital landscape you have to be very careful when trying to
pursue your brand awareness. Think carefully before doing. What we mean by this is
that before creating a hashtag, posting on a Facebook wall or texting — think how the
other person will feel when they receive your message.
Character, Behaviour, Honesty
Your character reflects your individuality and your behaviour exhibits your
personality. Business etiquette encourages revealing your positive qualities. This
helps your reputation.
Always be honest and remember that it takes a long time to develop trust and a
good reputation and only one small mistake to lose it. Business etiquette provides a
framework for stating the boundaries of terms and conditions, contracts and promises.
Sensitivity and Diplomacy
A key pillar of business etiquette is sensitivity, meaning giving careful thought
to every business aspect before making a judgement. This gives a strong foundation
to your business. Also, thoughtless words and actions lead to a negative outcome. Being aware of business etiquette encourages careful thought.
Elements of business etiquette
Business etiquette instructs on you how to present yourself professionally in
different cultures. The keys for making a good impression are dressing appropriately,
your body language, presenting your business cards, gift giving, conducting meetings
and many other important elements.
Text 4. Business etiquette in Europe
Europe ranges from the cold northern countries of Norway and Sweden to the
warm Mediterranean countries of Italy and Greece. Some customs and mores vary as
much as the topography, while others are shared across all of Europe.
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Handshakes.
Handshakes are standard business greeting gestures throughout Europe. However, the European handshake is usually exchanged before and after every meeting,
no matter how many meetings you've already had. An exception is Great Britain,
where, as in the United States, an initial handshake is often the only one you'll receive.
European Handshakes are more formal and less buddy-buddy than those in the
United States. You will not find a lot of back-slapping at handshaking time. A quick
grasp and release is the norm. In most European countries, handshakes are firm. An
exception is France, where a lighter grasp is customary.
Finally, it's customary to let women and those in a higher rank to extend their
hands first in Europe.
Names and Titles.
It's unusual in Europe for People to use first names immediately. Wait until he
asks you to call him by his first name or uses a familiar form of address with you.
Titles, especially academic titles, are always used in Europe. In the United States, it's
unusual for a Professor to be called Doctor or Professor outside of the classroom, but
in European countries, professors, along with lawyers, medical doctors, and others
are introduced with their title(s).
Dining and Entertaining.
Europeans don't do business breakfasts. In France, Austria, Germany, Great
Britain, The Netherlands, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Portugal, and Spain,
talking business over lunch is not a violation of etiquette. In the Czech Republic, Italy, and Greece, on the other hand, you do not talk business over lunch unless your
host initiates it.
Dinner in Europe is usually reserved for social entertaining. Depending on the
country, you may start dinner as early as 6:30 p.m. or as late as 11:00 p.m. Depending
on the country your spouse may be invited.
Dining is taken seriously in most of Europe as an expression of generosity. In
some countries, such as Italy and Greece, this generosity can reach stupefying levels;
it can be virtually impossible to pick up a check in Italy and virtually impossible not
to overeat or overdrink in Greece. But it's rude to refuse dinner invitations or any of
the sumptuous items proffered to you at a dinner.
Here are some general dining rules:
1. In Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, be on time for dinner. Elsewhere,
being fashionably late is acceptable.
2. No host gift is expected in Great Britain.
3. Do not take wine to a dinner in The Netherlands, France, or Belgium. It in-
sinuates that you think the host's cellar is lacking.
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Gifts.
In some countries, for instance, a small host gift is appropriate if you are invited to someone's home for dinner. But not in Great Britain — here, no host gift is expected.
Across most of Europe, business gifts should not be too personal and should be
wrapped professionally. Try not to use white wrapping paper, and use a brightly color
ribbon.
Social Taboos.
In many European countries, asking people what they do or asking them a personal question as an opening conversational gambit is a serious mistake. Europeans are,
for the most part, more formal and reserved about such matters than Americans are.
Watch out for these gesture-related mistakes:
1. The American gesture for "OK" using a circle formed by forefinger and
thumb is offensive in Germany.
2. Showing your palm to someone is offensive in Greece.
3. Keeping your hands in your pockets is rude.
4. Back-slapping is out of place in northern Europe.
5. Having your hands below the table while dining in France, Germany, and
Austria is rude.
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ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЙ КУРС
ИМЯ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
Множественное число существительных
Система существительного в английском языке значительно проще, чем в
русском — здесь практически нет родов и падежей. Множественное число существительных образуется прибавлением окончания -s или -es к форме единственного числа.
Например: a girl — girls, a cat — cats, a window — windows.
Существует несколько основных правил:
1. Глаголы, оканчивающиеся на -s, -x, -ss, -ch, -sh, -o имеют окончание -es.
Например: a watch — watches, a wish — wishes, a tomato — tomatoes.
2. У глаголов, оканчивающихся на -y при прибавлении окончания -s, -y
меняется на -ies.
Например: a story — stories, a fly — flies.
Исключения составляют глаголы, оканчивающиеся на -ay / -oy.
Например: a day — days, a toy — toys.
3. У глаголов, оканчивающихся на -f / -fe при прибавлении окончания -s,
-f / -fe меняется на -ves.
Например: a leaf — leaves, a wife — wives.
Некоторые существительные образуют множественное число не по общим правилам.
Например: a man — men, a woman — women, a child — children,
a foot — feet, a tooth — teeth.
Притяжательный падеж существительных
Из имевшихся когда-то в английском языке системы падежей к настоящему времени сохранился лишь остаток бывшего родительного падежа — так
называемый притяжательный падеж. Он, в основном, означает принадлежность
чего-то/кого-то какому-то живому существу и образуется:
1. Прибавлением к существительному ’s.
Например: My sister’s name is Ann. — Имя моей сестры Аня.
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