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Файл:Английский язык. Базовый курс. Учебное пособие
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There are many divisions and groupings of music. Among the larger genres are
classical music, popular music or commercial music, country music and folk music.
Classical music is sophisticated and refined, but it is a universal form of communication, it historically was the music of the upper strata of society. Popular music is music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general
public; it is mostly distributed commercially. It is sometimes abbreviated to pop music, although pop music is more often used for a narrower branch of popular music.
Pop music is usually memorable, with voices, lyrics, instruments creating catchy
tunes. Pop music attracts listeners through easy sound images.
Translate from Russia into English.
1. Из всего безграничного многообразия видов искусства я предпочитаю
живопись и музыку.
2. Искусство пользуется популярностью у многих людей, поскольку оно
отражает красоту мира.
3. Изобразительные искусства включают живопись, рисунок, гравюру,
скульптуру и ряд прикладных видов искусства, таких как инсталляция, промышленный дизайн, графический дизайн и т. д.
4. Художественное выражение принимает традиционные формы, такие как
живопись, скульптура, музыка и архитектура, а также ряд новых форм, таких как
фотография, видеоисскусство, концептуальное искусство, ландшафтный дизайн
и т. д.
5. Зрительные образы, которые использует художник, такие как цвет,
свет, тень, форма, выражают его видение жизни.
6. Важнейшими элементами музыки являются звуки, ритм, гармония и
контрапункт.
7. Музыка включает множество жанров (разновидностей), таких как популярная, или коммерческая музыка, музыка кантри, классическая музыка.
8. Классическая музыка раньше была музыкой высших слоев общества,
популярная музыка доступна широкой аудитории.
Ask your group- mate about his / her experience in having small talk and
tell him / her what you think about this experience.
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UNIT 3
TOPIC 6. RUSSIA AND MY NATIVE CITY
Text 1. Russia
Vocabulary:
to border on — граничить с;
variety — разнообразие;
natural resources — природные ресурсы;
ferrous and non-ferrous metals — черные и цветные металлы;
heritage — наследие;
destination — направление, место посещения;
nicknamed — прозванный, по прозвищу;
comprise — состоять из.
The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. The country is situated in Eastern Europe, Northern and Central Asia. It occupies over 17 million square
km.
Our land is washed by 12 seas, most of which are the seas of three oceans: the
Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific. In the south and in the west the country borders
on fourteen countries. It also has a sea border with the USA.
There is hardly a country in the world where such a great variety of flora and
fauna can be found as in our country. Our country has numerous forests, plains and
steppes, taiga and tundra, highlands and deserts. There are over two thousand rivers
in our country.
There are 11 time zones. The climate conditions are rather different: from arctic and moderate to continental and subtropical. Our country is one of the richest in
natural resources countries in the world. There is oil, natural gas, coal, different ores,
ferrous and non-ferrous metals and other minerals.
The rich cultural heritage and great natural variety of the country attract crowds
of tourists. Major tourist routes in Russia include a journey around the Golden Ring
of ancient cities, cruises on the big rivers like the Volga, and long journeys on the
famous Trans-Siberian Railway.
The most visited destinations in Russia are Moscow and Saint Petersburg.
Moscow displays Soviet architecture at its best, along with modern skyscrapers,
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while St Petersburg, nicknamed Venice of the North, boasts of its classical architecture, channels and bridges.
Kazan, the capital of Tatarstan, registered a brand The Third Capital of Russia,
though a number of other major cities, such as Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod, compete for this status.
The most famous natural destination in Russia is Lake Baikal, the Blue Eye of
Siberia. This unique lake, the oldest and deepest in the world, has crystal-clear waters
and is surrounded by taiga-covered mountains. Other popular natural destinations include Kamchatka with its volcanoes and geysers, Karelia with its lakes and granite
rocks, the snowy Altai Mountains, and the wild steppes of Tyva.
The Russian Federation is a multinational state. It comprises many national districts, several autonomous republics and regions. The population of the country is
over 140 million people. The official language is Russian. Our country is a constitutional republic headed by the President. Moscow is the capital of our Motherland.
Answer the questions:
1. What is the total area of the Russian Federation?
2. What can you say about its geographical position?
3. What can you say about our flora and fauna?
4. What is the climate in Russia?
5. What natural resources can be found in Russia?
6. Is Russia attractive for tourists?
7. What are the most famous natural destinations in Russia?
8. What can you say about the political structure of Russia?
Text 2. Moscow
Vocabulary:
to be regarded — считаться;
to be surrounded — быть окруженным;
to be adorned — быть украшенным;
to be erected — быть возведенным;
to draw — притягивать;
to house — вмещать;
graceful — грациозный;
Cathedral of the Dormition — Успенский собор;
Cathedral of the Annunciation — Благовещенский собор;
Palace of Facets — Грановитая палата;
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Terem Palace — Теремной дворец;
Armoury — Оружейная палата;
Grand Kremlin Palace — Большой Кремлевский дворец;
St. Basil’s Cathedral — собор Василия Блаженного;
Church of the Intercession — церковь Покрова.
Moscow, the capital of Russia, draws people from all over the world like a
magnet. Moscow’s past, present and future makes it a city of unique interests.
The Kremlin is the top sightseeing in Moscow. It is as old as Moscow itself. Its
earliest wooden walls and towers were built in the 12th century. The red brick walls
and towers that we see today date back to the 15th century. All in all, there are twenty
towers in the Kremlin, but only five have ruby stars atop. The Spasskaya Tower, with
its world-famous clock, is regarded as the main Kremlin tower.
The Cathedral Square inside the Kremlin is the most beautiful sight in Moscow. It is surrounded by such remarkable architectural monuments as the Cathedral
of the Dormition and the Annunciation, the superb Palace of Facets and Terem Palace, and the magnificent Bell Tower of Ivan the Great, with its 18 richly decorated
bells. All these buildings were created by the best architects from Novgorod, Suzdal,
Vladimir and Pskov under the supervision of the Italian masters Fioravanti, Ruffo and
Solari.
The Armoury, Russia’s oldest museum, is also situated in the Kremlin. Besides
weaponry it has a splendid collection of various works of art from gold and silverware to royal thrones and costumes. The Armoury also houses the Diamond Collection, featuring jewelry, unique specimens of sapphires, emeralds, diamonds, gold
nuggets and other treasures.
The Grand Kremlin Palace is another beautiful sight. Important state assemblies and diplomatic meetings are held there.
Red Square is the geographical and historical center of Moscow. It makes a
harmonious whole with the Kremlin’s architectural ensemble. The square is adorned
by St. Basil’s Cathedral, which was built in the 16th century by two Russian architects
Posnik and Barma. The building was erected as a monument of Russian military glory. In front of the Cathedral is the monument to Minin and Pozharsky. This is the first
sculptural monument in Moscow. On the opposite side of the square there is the State
History Museum. It was built in the 19th century. Its more than 300 thousand exhibits
tell of Russia’s history.
The city’s cultural life is so rich that it may be difficult to choose something to
your liking. There are more than 120 museums, which display millions of interesting
things.
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The Tretyakov Gallery is considered to be one of the most popular. The Gallery displays the remarkable works of art from early paintings and icons to the 19th
century. The Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts can boast a fine collection of West Euro-
pean painting, including the works of French Impressionists. The country’s leading
musical theatre is the Bolshoi with about 50 operas and ballets. This theatre is famous
for its traditions, school and artistic standards.
While in Moscow, the visitors admire its architecture. More than a thousand
architectural ensembles and monuments have been taken under state protection in
Moscow. The magnificent ensemble of the Novodevichy Monastery, founded in
1524, the graceful 16th century church at Kolomenskoe, the ornate Church of the Intercession in Fili and the open air museums of Arkhangelskoe, Abramtsevo and Kuskovo are included in the list of major monuments of the world’s culture.
Answer the questions:
1. Is Moscow the capital of Russia?
2. When was Moscow founded?
3. Who is the founder?
4. What can you say about the Kremlin?
5. What can you say about the Cathedral Square inside the Kremlin?
6. What is the most beautiful square in Moscow?
7. What can you see there?
8. What can you learn from visiting the History Museum?
9. What can be said about the Tretyakov Gallery and the Museum of Fine Arts?
10. Have you ever been to Moscow?
11. What places did you visit or would like to visit?
Translate from Russian into English.
1. Москва — один из древнейших городов мира. Она была основана в
1147 году.
2. Удивительные здания и великолепные соборы производят огромное
впечатление на туристов.
3. Этот замечательный монумент был воздвигнут в 19 веке.
4. Он считается выдающимся художником.
5. Тысячи туристов приезжают в Москву и восхищаются ее достоприме-
чательностями.
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Text 3. Yekaterinburg
Vocabulary:
significance — значение, важность;
to survive — сохраняться, выживать;
to influence — влиять;
a trend — направление;
to occur — происходить;
awful — ужасный;
to offer — предлагать.
Yekaterinburg is not old. It was founded in 1723 by Vasily Tatishchev by the
order of Peter the Great. Over the course of its history, it has proven to be a special
and even unique city. From the very beginning the city has been the center of mining
and metallurgy. The first plant built on the bank of the Iset river, by the standards of
those days, was one of the best not only in Russia but also in Europe.
Yekaterinburg has a unique mixture of different architectural, historical and
cultural rarities. More than 60 monuments of history and culture are situated in the
city and 40 of them are considered to be national because of their significance. That
is way Yekaterinburg can be given the status of Russia’s most historical city.
The 18th century Yekaterinburg was a wooden city and unfortunately very few
buildings have survived. The city’s stone buildings appeared during the second half
of the 18th century. Mostly these were administrative buildings. In the early 19th century a new architectural style — classicism — influenced Yekaterinburg landscapes.
The Palace on Voznesenskaya Hill, with its luxurious park, is the most famous example of this style.
Many churches and chapels made the city’s panorama very beautiful and picturesque. In the beginning of the 20th century there were about 50 churches, of which
only 6 still stand today.
The Soviet period brought new trends to Yekaterinburg’s architecture. New
tendencies in the development of world architecture have also affected the city. The
most famous buildings of that period include the Urals Polytechnical Institute, the
Railroad Administrative Building and the Philharmony.
The city’s history is full of events. Many expeditions to Siberia, Central Asia
and Far East passed through Yekaterinburg. The city was visited by Russian tzars and
members of their families. Here occurred the most awful tragedy — the assassination
of the last Russian Emperor Nicholas II and all his family members — which took
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place in the basement of Ipatiev’s house on July 16, 1918. A Memorial Church was
built there.
Today Yekaterinburg is a large, lively city. It is not only the administrative
center of the Urals, but also a great cultural center with a population of about 1.3 million people. Its banks, companies and enterprises do business with many countries of
the world. Few other cities in the Urals have so many theatres, museums and art galleries or can offer such a wide variety of places of public entertainment.
Answer the questions:
1. When was the city founded? Who was its founder?
2. Why is the city considered to be the most historical in Russia?
3. What can you say about the city of the 18th and 19th century?
4. What were the changes in the 20th century?
5. What can you say about Yekaterinburg of today?
6. Is Yekaterinburg your native city?
7. Do you like it?
8. Where do you like to spend your free time?
9. What places do you like most?
Translate from Russian into English.
1. В начале века появились новые направления в архитектуре.
2. Никто не выжил в этой ужасной катастрофе.
3. Мы можем предложить вам большой выбор туристических поездок.
4. Телевидение имеет огромное влияние на людей.
5. Важность этого открытия очень большая.
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UNIT 4
TOPIC 7. GREAT BRITAIN
Text 1. Geographical position
Vocabulary:
to be situated — находиться;
to consist of — состоять из;
to be divided into — делиться на;
to be separated from — отделяться от;
to be washed by — омываться;
to affect — влиять на;
to determine the direction — определять направление;
to be rich in — быть богатым чем-либо;
a warm current — теплое течение;
a damp climate — влажный климат;
a mild weather — мягкая погода;
a dense fog — плотный туман;
a surface — поверхность.
The British Isles are situated in the north-west of Europe. They consist of two
large islands: Great Britain and Ireland. Its total area is 120 thousand square miles.
Great Britain is divided into three parts — England, Scotland and Wales.
Great Britain is separated from the continent by the North Sea and the English
Channel. In the west it is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea. The Atlantic Ocean, with the warm current, greatly affect the climate, which is damp and mild.
The weather is very changeable. In summer it is usually hot and in winter it is not
very cold. There are often dense fogs and rains.
The surface in the north and west of Great Britain is mountainous. The mountains are not high. The southern part of the island is in the lowland. The position of
the mountains determines the direction and length of the rivers. The largest are The
Severn and The Thames. There are lots of beautiful lakes in Scotland.
Great Britain is an industrial country rich in coal. It has highly developed iron,
mining, textile, chemical and ship-building industries.
It is a sea power with many ports and big cities. The biggest industrial centers
are Manchester, Liverpool, Sheffield and Glasgow. London is the capital of Great
Britain.
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Answer the questions:
1. Where are the British Isles situated?
2. What parts does Great Britain consist of?
3. What is the climate in Great Britain?
4. What is it influenced by?
5. What can be said about the surface of Great Britain?
6. What are the main industries?
7. What is the capital of Great Britain?
Translate from Russian into English.
1. Отель расположен рядом с пляжем.
2. Джем состоит из фруктов и сахара.
3. Эта книга поделена на 10 глав.
4. Австралия омывается двумя океанами.
5. Курение может повлиять на ваше здоровье.
6. Теплое течение определяет погоду в Великобритании.
7. Наша страна богата естественными ресурсами.
8. В Англии часто идут дожди. Климат там мягкий и очень влажный.
9. Поверхность в нашей стране очень разнообразная.
Text 2. London and its major attractions
Vocabulary:
to be founded — быть основанным;
to attract — привлекать;
to explore — исследовать;
to include — включать;
a wealthy bank — богатый;
an insurance company — страховая компания;
a trading company — торговая;
a picturesque park — живописный парк;
an expensive shop — дорогой;
a luxurious hotel — роскошный;
to represent — представлять;
distinguished — выдающийся;
to be mentioned in the documents — упоминаться;
to remain — оставаться;
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to crown the king, to be crowned — короновать, быть коронованным;
to bury, to be buried — похоронить, быть похороненным;
to destroy the original building — разрушить первоначальное здание;
to create — создать;
to guard the residence, to be guarded by — охранять, охраняться;
remarkable — замечательный;
outstanding — знаменитый;
a castle — замок;
a palace — дворец;
a mansion — особняк;
a bridge — мост;
a tower — башня;
a cathedral — собор;
a mint — монетный двор;
a treasury — сокровищница;
a tomb — могила;
superb — великолепный.
London is the capital of Great Britain. It was founded on The Thames river not
far from its mouth. It is the largest city in Europe and the oldest one in the world. It is
more than two thousand years old.
London can be divided into the following parts: the City, the West End and the
East End. The City of London is the financial center. The Britain’s wealthiest banks,
insurance and trading companies are here.
There is a great contrast between the West and the East End. The West End is
the richest part of the town with its palaces, beautiful monuments of the past, picturesque parks, the best theatres and museums, the most expensive shops and restaurants
and luxurious hotels. The East End is the district where the poor people live. Some of
them are still live in slums. There are lots of docks and factories there.
The historic buildings of London represent a rich variety of types, styles and
periods. Its great monuments, medieval castles and abbeys, palaces and bridges are
famous throughout the world.
Westminster Abbey is one of the most distinguished of all buildings in London.
It was first mentioned in the documents of the tenth century. Originally it was a church
but nothing of it remained today. The present-day building was made in the gothic
style. For nearly a century all the kings and queens have been crowned here. Many of
them are buried there too. There are many statues, monuments and tombs here.
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