Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Английский язык. Базовый курс. Учебное пособие
.pdf
11
Text 2. My working day
Vocabulary:
week-day — будний день;
wake up — будить;
it's time — пора;
get up — вставать (с постели);
morning exercises — утренняя зарядка;
switch on (off) — включить (выключить);
go out — выходить;
on foot — пешком;
quarter — четверть;
have a shower — принять душ;
be over — заканчиваться;
have breakfast (dinner, supper) — завтракать (обедать, ужинать);
do homework — выполнять домашнее задание;
play chess — играть в шахматы;
go to the pictures — ходить в кино;
look through — просматривать;
watch TV — смотреть телевизор;
go to bed — ложиться спать.
On week-days the alarm-clock wakes me up and my working day begins. It is
seven o'clock. It's time to get up. Sometimes I do my morning exercises. Then I go to
the bathroom to wash. At half past seven I sit down to breakfast. While I'm having
breakfast, I switch on the radio and listen to the news. I have a cup of coffee and
some sandwiches, take my bag and go out.
I live not far from the University. I study at the Russian State Vocational Pedagogic University. If I have time, I go to the University on foot. But more often I go
there by trolley-bus. It takes me a quarter of an hour to get to the University by trolley-bus.
Classes begin at half past eight a.m. At twelve I have dinner at the students'
canteen. After dinner we have classes till half past two, but sometimes our classes are
over at half past four. After classes I go home. When I go home I seldom take a trolley-bus. I often go on foot. It doesn't take me much time to get home. I come home at
about 6 p.m. At home I have supper and do my homework. I always do my homework in the evening, but I never work late in the evening.
12
Sometimes my friends come to my place and we listen to music or play chess,
sometimes we go to the pictures or the theatre, but not very often. We talk almost
about everything — books, music, poetry, politics and other countries, philosophy
and life.
In the evening I like to read books or to look through the newspapers or magazines, or watch TV.
At twelve o'clock I go to bed.
Give the English equivalents of:
Пора вставать, садиться завтракать, в половине восьмого, слушать новости, в будни, пешком, на троллейбусе, недалеко от университета, обедать, занятия заканчиваются, будильник будит меня, редко, часто, иногда, до половины
пятого, допоздна, играть в шахматы, ходить в кино, просматривать журналы.
Answer the questions:
1. Who wakes you up in the morning?
2. When do you usually get up?
3. When does your working day begin?
4. Do you air your room before you go out?
5. When do you usually have breakfast (dinner, supper)?
6. Do you do the bed before you leave the house?
7. Do you live far from the University?
8. How long does it take you to get to your University?
9. Do you go there by tram or by trolley-bus (buss, metro)?
10.When do your classes begin?
11. When are your classes over?
12. Do you have supper with your parents at home?
13. Do you have time to watch TV in the evening?
14. How do you spend your evening?
15. At what time do you usually go to bed?
Translate from Russian into English.
1. Когда вы обычно встаете по утрам? — В 7 часов.
2. Вы завтракаете дома или в университете? — Дома. Я обычно пью кофе
с бутербродами.
3. Он всегда делает утром зарядку и принимает душ.
4. Мой друг обедает в студенческой столовой.
13
5. Я езжу в университет на автобусе, а домой иду пешком.
6. Занятия в университете начинаются в 8.30, а заканчиваются в 2.30.
7. Я возвращаюсь домой около 5 часов.
8. После ужина я просматриваю газеты, смотрю телевизор и делаю до-
машнее задание.
9. В 11 я ложусь спать.
Text 3. Our University
Vocabulary:
to be founded — быть основанным;
vocational — профессиональный;
education — образование;
to train — обучать, подготавливать;
training — подготовка;
to equip — оборудовать;
equipment — оборудование;
machine-building — машиностроение;
foundry — литье;
installation — установка;
applied art — прикладное искусство;
sewing production — швейное производство;
department — факультет, отделение;
full-time department — дневное отделение;
correspondence department — заочное отделение;
in-service training — повышение квалификации;
to provide — обеспечивать;
academic staff — профессорско-преподавательский состав;
degree — степень;
bachelor — бакалавр;
to include — включать (в себя);
level — уровень;
to study free of charge / on a commercial basis — бесплатно / платно;
to take exams — сдавать экзамены;
to get a grant — получать стипендию;
to obtain thorough information in — получать подробную информацию по;
to be enriched — быть обогащенным;
14
to be broadened — быть расширенным;
to be accessible — быть доступным;
to get advanced knowledge — получать углубленные знания;
to graduate — закончить вуз;
to continue research — продолжить исследование;
a curriculum — расписание.
Higher education plays an important part in the life of our country as it provides the country with highly-qualified specialists. Higher education in this country is
accessible to all. The greater part of students study free of charge, some — on a
commercial basis.
The academic year usually lasts 9 months and is divided into two terms. At the
end of each semester students take exams. If the results are good students get grants.
Twice a year students have vacations — two weeks in winter and two months in
summer.
The first and second-year students obtain thorough information in the fundamental sciences. The curriculum is enriched and broadened by such subjects as foreign languages, history and economics. At the third year students get more advanced
knowledge and begin to concentrate on their "major" subjects. In senior years theory
is accompanied by practical training.
After four years they will get a Bachelor's degree. Then the students may go on
with their studies and in a year or two of further study and research get a Master's degree. After graduating they may continue research and get a still higher degree.
As for me, I study at the Russian State Vocational Pedagogic University. It was
founded in 1979. At first it was called the Sverdlovsk Engineer Pedagogic Institute.
Not long ago it was given the Russian status. The structure of our university includes
different departments (full time and correspondence). Each department has a number
of study chairs. I study at the chair of …... I'm a full time student.
The University trains specialists in the following specializations:
- technology and equipment of the mechanic assembly production;
- technology and equipment of the automatic production in machine-building;
- automation and technology of foundry;
- computer technology;
- electrical engineering machines and installations;
- power engineering;
- production management;
- sociology;
15
- psychology;
- decorative and applied art;
- sewing production.
In 1993 the University began to train bachelors of education in all specializations.
My university has several buildings, old and new ones. There are many various
laboratories, a good library and a computer center in the main building.
Give the English equivalents of:
Современное лабораторное оборудование; высокий уровень учебного
процесса и подготовки студентов; технология и оборудование автоматизированного производства; механосборочное производство; система высшего профессионально-технического образования.
Answer the questions:
1. What is the aim of higher education in our country?
2. Is it accessible for all?
3. Do the students study all free of charge?
4. What can be said about the academic year?
5. What are the stages of education?
6. What university do you study at?
7. When was it founded?
8. What was it called at first?
9. When was it given the Russian status?
10. What is the structure of our university?
11. What faculty do you study at?
12. Do you enjoy studying at this university?
Translate from Russian into English.
1. Сейчас есть институт, где все учатся на коммерческой основе.
2. Многие студенты не получают стипендию, так как они учатся плохо.
3. В конце каждого семестра мы сдаем экзамены.
4. На первом и втором курсах они получают подробные сведения из обла-
сти фундаментальных наук.
5. Наша еда должна быть обогащена минералами.
6. Эта дорога должна быть расширена.
16
7. На старших курсах они получают углубленные знания по предметам.
8. После окончания института можно продолжить исследования.
9. Мой друг — студент заочного отделения.
TOPIC 2. HOBBIES AND HEALTHY WAY OF LIFE
Text 1. Free time and hobbies
Vocabulary:
according to one’s taste — в соответствии с чьим-либо вкусом;
to be fond of — любить;
to be keen on — увлекаться;
gardening — садоводство;
grown-up — взрослый (человек);
handicraft — ремесло, рукоделие;
in a small way — в малом масштабе, понемногу;
matchbox — спичечный коробок;
painting — живопись;
postcard — почтовая открытка;
record — пластинка;
coin — монета;
stamp — марка;
to take pleasure in — получать удовольствие от;
tape-recorder — магнитофон.
A hobby is something that people like to do when they are not busy with their
usual work and have some free time. It is something done entirely for pleasure. Hobbies differ like tastes. If you have chosen a hobby according to your character and
taste you are lucky because your life becomes more interesting. Hobbies are divided
into four large classes: doing things, making things, collecting things and learning
things.
The most popular of all hobby groups is doing things. It includes a wide variety
of activities, everything from gardening to travelling and from chess to volleyball.
Gardening is one of the oldest of man’s hobbies. It is known that the English
are very fond of gardening and growing flowers, especially roses.
Both grown-ups and children are fond of playing different computer games.
This is a relatively new hobby but it is becoming more and more popular.
17
Making things includes drawing, painting, making sculptures, designing costumes, handicrafts. Two of the most famous amateur painters were President Eisenhower and Sir Winston Churchill. Some people write music or play musical instruments. President Bill Clinton, for example, plays the saxophone.
Almost everyone collects something at some period of his life: stamps, coins,
matchboxes, books, records, postcards, toys, watches. Some collections have no real
value. Others become so large and so valuable that they are housed in museums and
galleries. Many world-famous collections started in a small way with one or two
items. People with a good deal of money often collect paintings, rare books and other
objects of arts. Often such private collections are given to museums, libraries and
public galleries so that others might take pleasure in seeing them.
As for as I am concerned, I was always fond of collecting stamps. My mother
had started collecting stamps long before I was born. She gave me her six album of
stamps as a birthday present when I was twelve. Then I continued collecting stamps
myself. It helped me to learn a lot about other countries and other people’s traditions,
the world’s fauna and flora. I used to bring the albums to school and sometimes ex-
changed stamps with my schoolmates.
About a year ago my parents bought me a tape recorder and I decided to collect
tapes. I am fond of listening to music. I like rock and pop music and classical music
too. Now I collect tapes of my favourite groups and singers. I also try to find out everything about the singers I like. I read specialized magazines and try not to miss musical shows on TV, because I want to keep up with the news in the world of music. I
write letters to some fan clubs in other countries, so I have to brush up my English. I
never miss a concert by my favorite group if they come to our city.
No matter what kind of hobby a person has, he always has the opportunity of
learning form it. By reading about the things he is interested in, he is adding to what
he knows. Learning things can be the most exciting aspect of a hobby.
Answer the questions:
1. Tastes differ. Can you say the same about hobbies?
2. Have you chosen a hobby according to your character and taste?
3. What hobby groups do you know?
4. What activities does the hobby group of “doing things” include?
5. Are you fond of making things?
6. Do you know the hobbies of any famous people?
7. Have you ever collected anything?
8. What can be collected?
18
9. Do you have a lot of free time?
10. How do you usually spend your leisure time?
11. Does your hobby help you to learn new things?
Text 2. Eat to be healthy
Vocabulary:
habit — привычка;
to be tired — утомляться;
to be cross — сердиться, раздражаться;
a ring of truth — правдоподобное;
fuel — топливо, горючее;
to resist disease — сопротивляться болезни;
muscles — мускулы;
poultry — птичье мясо;
skin — кожа;
blood — кровь;
certain — некоторый, определенный;
brain — мозг;
snack — закуска;
junk food — бесполезная еда;
sea voyages — плавание по морю;
without going ashore — не сходя на берег;
to suffer — страдать;
scurvy — цинга;
a lack of vitamin C — недостаток витамина С;
vegetable dish — блюдо из овощей.
Our eating habits affect our feel during the day. What happens if I have no
breakfast, or poor breakfast? I’m likely to be tired or cross, and, of course, hungry till
having lunch.
There is a ring of truth in that well-known saying: «A man is what he eats».
Food is a form of fuel. It gives us energy, helps us to grow, resist disease and form
strong teeth and bones. No single food can take care of all body’s needs. Different
foods do different things for the body. Some foods are better than others in helping
make strong muscles. Among them are meats, eggs, fish, and poultry. Some foods are
better than others in helping keep bones, teeth, skin, and blood healthy. Among these
foods are fruit, vegetables, milk, and cheese.
19
There are certain sayings about foods from long ago. «Fish is ‘brain’ food»;
people say it’s good for brain. They say carrots are good for eyes. Another saying is:
«An apple a day keeps the doctor away», — meaning that you will be healthy if you
eat an apple every day.
There are so many kinds of food — fast food, snacks, junk food — that it may
be difficult to follow a healthy diet. Fresh fruit and vegetables are important for a
healthy diet. In the past, sailors who went on long sea voyages stayed on their ships
for many months without going ashore. They did not get fresh food and so often suffered from a disease called scurvy. Scurvy is caused by a lack of vitamin C, which is
found in fruit and vegetables.
In our country, bread is an important part of our everyday food. When we sit
down for a meal, there is always bread on the table. For breakfast, we have bread
with butter or cheese. Some people have jam or olives. For lunch, we have bread with
a meat or vegetable dish. Again at dinner, we eat bread with whatever food there is
on the table. When there is rice or potatoes, we have bread, too. My granny says that
if there is no bread, there is no food.
Answer the questions:
1. What will happen if you have no breakfast?
2. Why do we say that food is a form of fuel?
3. What foods help make strong muscles?
4. What are carrots good for?
5. Why is it sometimes difficult to follow health diet?
6. What disease can be caused by a lack of vitamin C?
7. Is bread important in your everyday food?
8. Why do old people say that there is no food if there is no bread?
Translate from Russian into English.
1. Наше самочувствие зависит от того, что мы едим в течение дня.
2. Если я не позавтракаю, то, скорее всего, я буду чувствовать себя утом-
ленным и раздраженным.
3. Нет такого продукта, который бы мог полностью обеспечить потреб-
ность всего организма.
4. Пища, которую мы едим, обеспечивает нас необходимой энергией. Она
способствует росту, сопротивлению болезням и формированию зубов и костей.
5. Для обеспечения здорового питания необходимы свежие фрукты и
овощи.
20
6. Мы едим хлеб с мясными и овощными блюдами, с рисом и картофелем
мы тоже хлеб.
7. Моя бабушка всегда говорит: “Какая же еда без хлеба”.
Text 3. Summer and winter sports
Vocabulary:
to be fond of smth. — любить, нравиться;
to unite — объединять;
outdoor winter sports — зимние виды спорта на открытом воздухе;
shooting — стрельба;
hunting — охота;
tobogganing — санный спорт;
to sledge — кататься на санках;
yachting — парусный спорт;
gliding — планерный спорт;
to establish oneself in favour — стать в почете;
lawn-tennis — теннис;
track and field events — легкая атлетика;
scores of young girls and women — множество девушек и женщин;
calisthenics — ритмическая гимнастика;
indoor games — игры в закрытом помещении;
impressive example — замечательный пример;
inexhaustible — неисчерпаемый;
cheerfulness — бодрость;
enthusiast — энтузиаст;
to initiate — приобщить кого-то к чему-то;
tournament — турнир, спортивное соревнование.
People all over the world are very fond of sports and games. That is one of the
things in which people of every nationality and class are united.
The most popular outdoor winter sports are shooting, hunting, hockey and, in
the countries where the weather is frosty and there is much snow — skating, skiing
and tobogganing. It's so nice to go to the skating-rink on a frosty sunny day. Some
people prefer to be out of town in such weather and to sledge or to ski in the woods.
Many people greatly enjoy figure-skating and ski-jumping.
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]