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Файл:Английский язык в сфере ЖКХ. Учебное пособие
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МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное
учреждение высшего образования
«ТЮМЕНСКИЙ ИНДУСТРИАЛЬНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»
О. Н. Бабушкина, Н. А. Чуманова
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК В СФЕРЕ ЖКХ
Учебное пособие для студентов направлений подготовки
38.03.10 «Жилищное хозяйство и коммунальная инфраструктура»,
43.03.01 «Сервис»
Тюмень
ТИУ
20
18
УДК 332.8(075.8): 811.111´1(075.8)
ББК 81.2Англ-923:65.441я73
Б 129
Рецензенты:
кандидат культурологии, доцент М. В. Кораблина
кандидат филологических наук, доцент К. А. Слуцкая
Б 129
Бабушкина, О.
Н. Английский язык в сфере ЖКХ :
учебное пособие / О. Н. Бабушкина, Н. А. Чуманова. – Тюмень :
ТИУ, 2018. - 90 с.
ISBN 978-5-9961-1602-7
Учебное пособие содержит необходимые методические и
практические материалы для практических зан
ятий и
самостоятельной работы обучающихся.
Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов высших
учебных заведений всех форм обучения направлений 38.03.10
«Жилищное хозяйство и коммунальная инфраструктура», 43.03.01
«Сервис», слушателей курсов повышения квалификации,
занимающихся вопросами управления.
Материалы учебного пособия нацелены на более глубокое
освоение учебного материала по дисциплинам «Иностранный
язык», «Иностранный язык (профессиональный)», «Деловой
иностранный язык».
УДК 332.8(075.8): 811.111´1(075.8)
ББК 81.2Англ-923:65.441я73
ISBN 978-5-9961-1602-7 © Федеральное государственное
бюджетное образовательное
чреждение высшего образования
у
«Тюменский индустриальный
университет», 2018
2
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
Введение
4
Part I. Basics of Economics
5
Unit 1. Defining Economics
5
Unit 2. The Nation’s Economy
16
Part II. Management
19
Unit 1. What is “management”?
19
Unit 2. The Selection Board
30
Part III. Building Maintenance
37
Unit 1. Apartment Maintenance
37
Unit 2. Special Services for Tenants
41
Unit 3. Apartment Maintenance Is Many Jobs in One
46
Unit 4. Find the Best Property Maintenance Person
50
Unit 5. Integrated Facilities Maintenance
54
Unit 6. Condo Manager Maintenance Jobs
58
Unit 7. Professional Apartment Maintenance Cleaners
62
Part IV. Texts for self-work
66
Библиографический список
89
3
ВВЕДЕНИЕ
Данное учебное пособие предназначено для организации
практической и самостоятельной работы студентов второго курса
направлений 38.03.10 «Жилищное хозяйство и коммунальная
инфраструктура», 43.03.01 «Сервис» всех форм обучения.
Учебное пособие рассчитано на тех, кто уже имеет базовую
начальную подготовку по английскому языку: знает фонологическую
систему, знаком с основными грамматическими категориями, владеет
определённым объёмом лексических единиц и речевыми моделями,
которые позволяют вести общение в ситуациях социально-бытовой сферы.
Учебное пособие позволяет совершенствовать навыки чтения, составления
резюме и профессионального перевода, а также усвоить терминологию по
направлениям подготовки.
Пособие состоит из четырёх разделов. Первые три раздела –
тематические. Они построены по единому принципу. Каждый из них
включает в себя тексты, упражнения на закрепление лексического
материала, проверку понимания прочитанного, умение самостоятельно
оперировать полученной информацией, умение составить резюме.
Четвертый раздел представляет собой набор текстов для
самостоятельной работы студентов с подробными методическими
рекомендациями.
Все задания основаны на аутентичном материале. Тексты учебного
пособия заимствованы из современной английской и американской
экономической литературы, сети Интернет, периодических изданий и
переработаны авторами.
Содержание данного учебного пособия позволяет развивать
общекультурную компетенцию ОК-5: способность к коммуникации в
устной и письменной формах на русском и иностранном языках для
решения задач межличностного и межкультурного взаимодействия.
4
Part I
основной, главный
покупать
заниматься чем-л., касаться чего-л.
дело, занятие
capital good s
основные средства, средства производства
capital resources
капитал компании, собственные фонды
выбор
выбирать
делать выбор
to consume
потреблять
consumer
потребитель
consumer goods
товары народного потребления
consumption
потребление
определять
определение
distribution
распределение
экономический
economic forces
экономические факторы
экономичный, экономный
экономично, экономно
экономика (как наука)
экономист
экономика (страны, мира)
экономить
to employ
нанимать на работу
envisage
рассматривать
расходы
товары
income
доход
to invest
вкладывать
to meet one′s wants
удовлетворять потребности
точно
to produce
производить, выпускать
Basics of Economics
Unit 1. Defining Economics
. 1.1. Read the vocabulary. Learn the words in bold.
Ex
basic
to buy
be concerned with
business
choice
to choice
to make a choice
to define
definition
economic
economical
economically
economics
economist
economy
to economize
expenditure
goods
precisely
5
to purchase
покупать, закупать
relationship
связь, отношение
human resources
кадры, персонал
natural resources
природные ресурсы
дефицитный
наука
service
оказание услуг, обслуживание
налог
использовать, применять, употреблять
потребности
богатство
scarce
science
tax
to use
wants
wealth
. 1.2. Read and translate the text.
Ex
efining Economics
D
hat do you think of when you hear the word economics? Money,
W
certainly, and perhaps more complicated things like business, inflation and
unemployment. The science of economics studies all of these, but many more
things as well. Perhaps you think that economics is all about the decisions that
governments and business managers take. In fact, economics study the decisions
that we all take every day .
Economics is a science concerned with how people use available
resources to satisfy their wants through the process of productio n and exchange.
There have been many definitions of economics in the past. The earliest
definitions envisaged economics as the study of wealth and the older name for
economics was “political economy”. Later economics was defined as “the
practical science of the production and distribution of wealth”.
At the turn of the 19
th
century, economists defined economics as a study
of man’s actions in the ordinary business of life. At that time economics focused
on how men got their incomes and use d them.
In more recent years, the subject of economics was defined more precisely
as “the science which studies human behavior as a relationship between ends
and scarce means which have alternative uses”.
Today economics deals with data on income, employment, expenditure,
prices, production, consumption, trans p orta ti on an d tra de .
x. 1.3. Choose the right variant.
E
am a student of (economy, econom ics) now.
1) I
2) At school I didn’t study the (econ omy, economics) of Great Britain.
3) I hope he will be a good (economist, economy).
6
4) There are many (economic, economical) problems in the world.
1) produce
a) an amount of money that you must pay
to the governm ent
2) money
b) when a person has his own company
and he produces, buys or sells goods or
services
3) tax
c) to make things for sal e
4) choice
d) it helps you to buy thin gs
5) business
e) the right to choose between several things
5) This car is very (economic, economical).
6) I try to spend money and time (e conomical, e conomical ly).
7) This car (economize , economy) fuel.
E
x. 1.4. Match the words wit h their definitions.
Ex. 1.5.
economist resource employ
Choose the right variant and complete the sentences.
economyuse
1) The system by which a country’s money and goods are produced and
used is called ... .
2) Canada is rich in mineral ... .
3) The main aim of an ... is to study the way in which money and goods are
produced a nd used and the systems of business and trade.
4) I always ... this sort of toothpaste.
5) The company ... 2000 people worldwide.
Ex. 1.6. Discuss the followi ng:
1) W
hat does economics study?
2) Does it study only such things as business, inflation, money?
3) What is economics as a science concerned with?
4) What is the earliest definition of economics?
5) What definition of economics do you like m ore ?
6) What does economics deal with today?
x. 1.7. Read and translate the text, p aying attention to the italicized words.
E
B
T
he study of the choices people make in an effort to satisfy their wants
and needs is called economics. Wants and needs refer to people’s desires to
consume certain goods and services. In economic terms, a good is a physical
asics of Economics
7
object that can be purchased. A record, a house, and a car are examples of a
good. A service is an action or activity done for others for a fee. Lawyers,
plumbers, teachers, and taxicab drivers perform services. The term product is
often used to refer to both goods and services.
The people who wish to buy goods and services are called consumers and
the goods that they buy are called consumer goods. The people who make the
goods and provide services that satisfy consumers’ wants and needs are called
producers.
Economists generally classify as needs those goods or services that are
necessary that are necessary for survival. Food, clothing, and shelter are
considered needs. Wants are those goods or services that people consume
beyond wha t is needed for survival.
The need for making choices arises from the problem of scarcity. Scarcity
exists because people’s wants and needs are greater than the resources available
to satisfy them. Thus people must choose how best to use their available
resources to satisfy the greatest num be r of wa nt s and nee ds.
A resource is anything that people use to make or obtain what they want
or need. Resources that can be used to produce goods and services are called
factors of production.
Economists usually divide these factors of production into three
categories:
(1) natural resources, (2) human resources, (3) capital resources. Today
many economists have added technology and e ntrepreneurship to t his list.
N
atural Resources
I
tems provided by nature that can be used to pro duce goods an d to provide
services are called natural resources. Natural resources are found in/or on the
earth or in the earth’s atmosphere. Examples of natural resources on the earth
are fertile land, vegetation, animals, and bodies of water. Minerals and
petroleum are examples of natural resources that are found in the earth.
Atmospheric resources include the sun, wind and rain. A natural resource is
considered a f actor of production on ly when it is used to produce goods and to
provide ser vices.
uman Resources
H
A
nyone who works is considered a human resource. Any human effort
that is exerted in production process is classified as a human resource. The effort
can be either physical or intellectual. Assembly-line workers, ministers,
professional sports figures, physicians, store clerks, and sanitation engineers are
all human resour ce s.
8
Capital Resources
The money and capital goods that are used to produce consumer products
are called capital resources. Capital goods include the buildings, structures,
machinery, and tools that are used in the production process. Department stores,
factories, industrial machinery, dams, ports, wrenches, hammers, and surgical
scalpels are all examples of capital goods.
Economists make an important distinction between capital goods and
consumer goods. Capital goods are the manufactured resources that are used in
producing finished products. Consumer goods are the finished products – the
goods and services tha t consumer s buy.
Some products can be either capital goods or consumer goods, depending
on how they are used. A bicycle purchased for personal use is a consumer good.
The same is not true when the bicycle is purchased by a New York messenger
service. Because the messenger service will use the bicycle to make deliveries –
to provide a se rvice – the bicycle is considered a capital good.
echnology
T
T
he use of science to create new products or more efficient ways to
produce products is called technology. Technology makes the other factors of
production – natural, human, and capital resources – more productive.
Technological advances in the computer industry, for example, have increased
efficiency in the workplace.
Entrepreneurship
Th
e risk-taking and organizational abilities involved in starting a new
business or introducing a new product to consumers are called entrepreneurship.
The goal of entrepreneurship is to create a new mix of the other factors of
production and thereby create something of value. The entrepreneur is a
person who attempts to start a new bus ine ss or in tr od uce a new pro d uc t.
x. 1.8. Translate the following words and word combinations or find
E
Russian equivalents.
1) to m
ake delivery
2) wide range of goods
3) existing resources
4) necessary for survival
5) beyond what is neede d for survival
6) to provide a service
9
7) to increase efficiency in the workplace
8) to take the risk
9) to start a new business
10) to introduce a new product
Ex. 1.9. Translate the following sentences into Ru ssian.
1) In economic terms, a good is a physical object that can be purchased.
2) The need for making choices arises from the problem of scarcity.
3) Reso urces that can be used to produc e goods and services are called factor
of
productio n.
4) A natural resource is considered a factor of production only when it is used
to produce goods an d to prod uce ser vic e s.
5) Economists make an important distinction between capital goods and
consumer goods.
6) Technological advances in the computer industry, for example, have
increased e fficiency in the workplace.
s
Ex. 1.10. Fill the gaps in the sentence s below with the words and express ions
from the box. There are two expressions which you don’t need to use.
producers fa ctors of production human r esource
technology wants service capital resources
consumer goods entrepreneur economics
1) The study of the choices people make in an effort to satisfy their wants and
needs is called _______.
2) A __________ is an ac tion or activity done for others for a fee.
3) The people who make the goods and provide services that satisfy
consumer s’ wants and needs are cal led _________.
4) ________ are those goods or services that people consume beyond what i
ne
eded for survi val.
5) Resources that can be used to produce goods and services are calle
_
______.
s
d
6) The money and capital goods that are used to produce consumer products
re called __________.
a
7) The use of science to create new products or more efficient ways to produce
products is cal led _ ____ _ __ ___ _.
8) The _________ is a person who attempts to sta rt a new business or intr oduce
a new produc t.
10
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