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Агентирование судов как основа портового пассажирского сервиса. Учебное пособие

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ʑǤʑǤʠˈˎˋ˅˃ːˑ˅
ʏʒʔʜʡʗʟʝʑʏʜʗʔʠʢʓʝʑ
ʙʏʙ ʝʠʜʝʑʏʞʝʟʡʝʑʝʒʝ
ʞʏʠʠʏʕʗʟʠʙʝʒʝʠʔʟʑʗʠʏ
ʢ˚ˈ˄ːˑˈ˒ˑ˔ˑ˄ˋˈ
ʛˑ˔ˍ˅˃ʑˑˎˑˆˇ˃
Ǽʗː˗˓˃-ʗːˉˈːˈ˓ˋˢǽ
1
ɍȾɄ656.614.2 ȻȻɄ65.37
ɋ
Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬɵ
ɞɨɤɬɨɪɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɚɭɤɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɤɚɮɟɞɪɵɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ
ɢɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɎȽȻɈɍȼɈ©Ʉɭɛɚɧɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬª ɌɢɦɢɪɝɚɥɟɟɜɚɊɊ;
ɞɨɤɬɨɪɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɚɭɤ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ ɡɚɜɟɞɭɸɳɢɣɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ
©ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɬɟɨɪɢɹɢɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɧɚɦɨɪɫɤɨɦɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟª
Ɉɞɟɫɫɤɨɣɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɦɨɪɫɤɨɣɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢɉɪɢɦɚɱɟɜ ɇ Ɍ
ɋɟɥɢɜɚɧɨɜȼȼ
ɋ
Ⱥɝɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɫɭɞɨɜɤɚɤɨɫɧɨɜɚɩɨɪɬɨɜɨɝɨɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɟɪɜɢɫɚ
 ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ  ȼ ȼ ɋɟɥɢɜɚɧɨɜ – Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 
ȼɨɥɨɝɞɚɂɧɮɪɚ-ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹ–152ɫɬɚɛɥ
,6%1-5---
Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɜɨɩɪɨɫɵɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟɫɚɝɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯɤɪɭɢɡɧɵɯ ɫɭɞɨɜɊɚɫɤɪɵɬɵɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɢɮɭɧɤ ɰɢɣɩɨɪɬɨɜɨɝɨɚɝɟɧɬɚɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵɜɨɩɪɨɫɵɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɟɝɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɩɨɪɹɞɨɤɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɪɬɨɜɨɝɨɚɝɟɧɬɚɚɬɚɤɠɟɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɜɡɚ ɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɩɨɪɬɨɜɵɯɚɝɟɧɬɨɜɫɬɭɪɢɫɬɫɤɢɦɢɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚɦɢɢɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɤɪɭɢɡɧɵɯɫɭɞɨɜ
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬɨɜ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɢɡɭɱɚ ɸɳɢɯɬɟɨɪɢɸɢɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɬɭɪɢɫɬɫɤɨɣɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɟɣɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɦɨɪɫɤɨɝɨɬɭɪɢɡɦɚ
ISBN-5--- ɋɟɥɢɜɚɧɨɜȼȼ
ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ©ɂɧɮɪɚ-ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹªɈɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ©ɂɧɮɪɚ-ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹª
2
ɍȾɄ656.614.2 ȻȻɄ65.37
ʝʒʚʏʑʚʔʜʗʔ
ʞʟʔʓʗʠʚʝʑʗʔ ................................................................................................................. 5
ʡˈˏ˃ͳǤʠʢʨʜʝʠʡʫʛʝʟʠʙʝʒʝʏʒʔʜʡʗʟʝʑʏʜʗʮ .................................... 7
ͳǤͳǤʞˑːˢ˕ˋˈǼ˒ˑ˓˕ˑ˅˞ˌ˃ˆˈː˕ǽ ....................................................................... 8
ͳǤʹǤʙˎ˃˔˔ˋ˗ˋˍ˃˙ˋˢ˃ˆˈː˕ˑ˅ ............................................................................... 9
ͳǤ͵Ǥʠ˕ˑ˓ˑː˞˃ˆˈː˕˔ˍˋ˘ˑ˕ːˑ˛ˈːˋˌ ........................................................... 13
ͳǤͶǤʝ˔ˑ˄ˈːːˑ˔˕ˋ˅˞˄ˑ˓˃ˋː˃ˊː˃˚ˈːˋˢ˒ˑ˓˕ˑ˅ˑˆˑ˃ˆˈː˕˃ .......... 15
ʡˈˏ˃ʹǤʞʟʏʑʝʑʝʔʟʔʒʢʚʗʟʝʑʏʜʗʔʓʔʮʡʔʚʫʜʝʠʡʗ
ʞʝʟʡʝʑʝʒʝʏʒʔʜʡʏ ................................................................................................. 23
ʹǤͳǤʛˈˉˇ˖ː˃˓ˑˇːˑˈˊ˃ˍˑːˑˇ˃˕ˈˎ˟˔˕˅ˑǡ˓ˈˆ˖ˎˋ˓˖ˡ˜ˈˈ
ˇˈˢ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ˔˕˟˒ˑ˓˕ˑ˅˞˘˃ˆˈː˕ˑ˅ .................................................................. 24
ʹǤʹǤʝ˔ˑ˄ˈːːˑ˔˕ˋ˓ˈˆ˖ˎˋ˓ˑ˅˃ːˋˢ˃ˆˈː˕˔ˍˑˌˇˈˢ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ˔˕ˋ
˅ʟʣ ................................................................................................................................ 29
ʹǤ͵Ǥʓˑˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˏˑ˓˔ˍˑˆˑ˃ˆˈː˕ˋ˓ˑ˅˃ːˋˢ ...................................................... 35
ʡˈˏ˃͵. ʝʠʜʝʑʜʪʔʞʟʏʑʏǡʝʐʮʖʏʜʜʝʠʡʗ
ʗʣʢʜʙʥʗʗʞʝʟʡʝʑʝʒʝʏʒʔʜʡʏ .................................................................... 43
͵ǤͳǤʝ˔ːˑ˅ː˞ˈ˒˓˃˅˃ˋˑ˄ˢˊ˃ːːˑ˔˕ˋ˒ˑ˓˕ˑ˅ˑˆˑ˃ˆˈː˕˃ .................. 44
͵ǤʹǤʙˎ˃˔˔ˋ˗ˋˍ˃˙ˋˢ˗˖ːˍ˙ˋˌ˒ˑ˓˕ˑ˅ˑˆˑ˃ˆˈː˕˃ ................................. 49
͵Ǥ͵Ǥʣ˖ːˍ˙ˋˋ˃ˆˈː˕˃ˇˑ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇ˃ˍ˓˖ˋˊːˑˆˑ˔˖ˇː˃ ............................. 51
͵ǤͶǤʣ˖ːˍ˙ˋˋ˃ˆˈː˕˃˅˒ˈ˓ˋˑˇ˔˕ˑˢːˍˋˍ˓˖ˋˊːˑˆˑ˔˖ˇː˃
˅˒ˑ˓˕˖ ......................................................................................................................... 56
͵ǤͷǤʣ˖ːˍ˙ˋˋ˃ˆˈː˕˃˒ˑ˔ˎˈˑ˕˘ˑˇ˃ˍ˓˖ˋˊːˑˆˑ˔˖ˇː˃
ˋˊ˒ˑ˓˕˃ ....................................................................................................................... 65
ʡˈˏ˃ͶǤʣʗʜʏʜʠʝʑʝ-ʟʏʠʦʔʡʜʪʔʝʞʔʟʏʥʗʗ
ʞʝʟʡʝʑʝʒʝʏʒʔʜʡʏ ................................................................................................. 71
ͶǤͳǤʑˋˇ˞˗ˋː˃ː˔ˑ˅˞˘˓˃˔˚ˈ˕ˑ˅˒ˑ˓˕ˑ˅ˑˆˑ˃ˆˈː˕˃ ........................... 72
ͶǤʹǤʞˑːˢ˕ˋˈˇˋ˔˄˖˓˔ˏˈː˕˔ˍˑˆˑ˔˚ˈ˕˃ ....................................................... 74
4.3. ʡ˓ˈ˄ˑ˅˃ːˋˢˍˑ˗ˑ˓ˏˎˈːˋˡˋ˒˓ˑ˅ˈ˓ˍˈ
ˇˋ˔˄˖˓˔ˏˈː˕˔ˍˑˆˑ˔˚ˈ˕˃ .................................................................................... 75
ͶǤͶǤʞ˓˃˅ˋˎ˃˅˞ˇ˃˚ˋː˃ˎˋ˚ː˞˘ˍ˃˒ˋ˕˃ː˃ˏ˔˖ˇˑ˅ .............................. 78
ͶǤͷǤʞˑ˓ˢˇˑˍ˅ˑˊ˅˓˃˕˃˄˃ːˍˑ˅˔ˍˋ˘˒ˈ˓ˈ˅ˑˇˑ˅ ...................................... 79
ͶǤ͸Ǥʑˋˇ˞˅ˑˊː˃ˆ˓˃ˉˇˈːˋˢ˒ˑ˓˕ˑ˅ˑˆˑ ˃ˆˈː˕˃ ....................................... 80
ͶǤ͹Ǥʞˑ˓˕ˑ˅˞ˈ˔˄ˑ˓˞ˋ˖˔ˎ˖ˆˋ˅ˏˑ˓˔ˍˋ˘˒ˑ˓˕˃˘ʟʣ ......................... 82
3
ʡˈˏ˃ͷǤʝʟʒʏʜʗʖʏʥʗʮʓʔʮʡʔʚʫʜʝʠʡʗ
ʏʒʔʜʡʠʙʗʤʙʝʛʞʏʜʗʘ ......................................................................................... 90
ͷǤͳǤʏˆˈː˕˔ˍˋˈˍˑˏ˒˃ːˋˋˋˋ˘ˑ˔ːˑ˅ː˞ˈ
ˑ˓ˆ˃ːˋˊ˃˙ˋˑːːˑ-˒˓˃˅ˑ˅˞ˈ˗ˑ˓ˏ˞ ............................................................. 91
ͷǤʹǤʝ˓ˆ˃ːˋˊ˃˙ˋˑːː˞ˈ˔˕˓˖ˍ˕˖˓˞˖˒˓˃˅ˎˈːˋˢ˃ˆˈː˕˔ˍˋ˘
ˍˑˏ˒˃ːˋˌ ................................................................................................................... 95
ͷǤ͵ʜ˃˙ˋˑː˃ˎ˟ː˞ˈ˃˔˔ˑ˙ˋ˃˙ˋˋˏˑ˓˔ˍˋ˘˃ˆˈː˕ˑ˅ ............................ 104
ͷǤͶǤʛˈˉˇ˖ː˃˓ˑˇː˞ˈˑ˄˝ˈˇˋːˈːˋˢː˃˙ˋˑː˃ˎ˟ː˞˘˃ˆˈː˕˔ˍˋ˘
˃˔˔ˑ˙ˋ˃˙ˋˌ ............................................................................................................. 106
ʚʗʡʔʟʏʡʢʟʏ ............................................................................................................... 115
ʞ˓ˋˎˑˉˈːˋˈͷ. ʞʟʝʣʝʟʛʏʏʒʔʜʡʠʙʝʒʝʓʝʒʝʑʝʟʏ ......................... 118
ʞ˓ˋˎˑˉˈːˋˈ͸. ʞʟʝʣʝʟʛʏʓʗʠʐʢʟʠʛʔʜʡʠʙʝʒʝʠʦʔʡʏ ................ 129
ʞ˓ˋˎˑˉˈːˋˈ͹. ʞʟʔʓʑʏʟʗʡʔʚʫʜʏʮʗʜʣʝʟʛʏʥʗʮ
ʝʠʢʓʝʑʝʛʢʟʝʑʜʔʐʔʖʝʞʏʠʜʝʠʡʗ ......................................................... 133
ʞ˓ˋˎˑˉˈːˋˈͺ. ʠʔʟʡʗʣʗʙʏʡʜʏʥʗʝʜʏʚʫʜʝʠʡʗʠʢʓʜʏ .............. 136
ʞ˓ˋˎˑˉˈːˋˈͻ. ʛʝʟʠʙʝʘʞʟʝʡʔʠʡʙʏʞʗʡʏʜʏ
ʡʤ"SILVER WIND" ..................................................................................................... 137
ʞ˓ˋˎˑˉˈːˋˈ 6. ʓʝʙʢʛʔʜʡ "PORT CLEARANCE" ..................................... 138
ʞ˓ˋˎˑˉˈːˋˈͽ. ʞʝʟʡʝʑʪʔʠʐʝʟʪʑʛʝʟʠʙʝʛ
ʞʝʟʡʢ ʠʝʦʗ ................................................................................................................ 139
ʞ˓ˋˎˑˉˈːˋˈ;. ʠʡʏʑʙʗʓʚʮʟʏʠʦʔʡʝʑʞʚʏʡ
ʖʏʞʟʔʓʝʠʡʏʑʚʮʔʛʪʔʢʠʚʢʒʗʑ ʞʝʟʡʢʠʝʦʗ .................................. 148
4
ʞʟʔʓʗʠʚʝʑʗʔ
ʛˈˉˇ˖ː˃˓ˑˇː˞ˌˏˑ˓˔ˍˑˌ˕˖˓ˋˊˏˢ˅ˎˢˈ˕˔ˢ ˅˃ˉː˞ˏ˔ˈˆǦ ˏˈː˕ˑˏ˅ˑ˄˜ˈˌ˔ˋ˔˕ˈˏˈˑ˓ˆ˃ːˋˊ˃˙ˋˋ˕˖˓ˋ˔˕˔ˍˑˌˇˈˢ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑǦ ˔˕ˋʟˈ˔˒˖˄ˎˋˍˋʙ˓˞ˏǤ
ʑ˖˔ˎˑ˅ˋˢ˘˓˃ˊ˅ˋ˅˃ˡ˜ˋ˘˔ˢ˓˞ːˑ˚ː˞˘ˑ˕ːˑ˛ˈːˋˌ˒˓ˈˇǦ ˒˓ˋˢ˕ˋˌˏˑ˓ˈ˘ˑˊˢˌ˔˕˅ˈːːˑˆˑˍˑˏ˒ˎˈˍ˔˃˅ˑ˔˕ˑ˚ːˑˆˑˋ˔ˈ˅ˈ˓Ǧ ːˑˆˑ ʞ˓ˋ˚ˈ˓ːˑˏˑ˓˟ˢ ʟˑ˔˔ˋˌ˔ˍˑˌ ʣˈˇˈ˓˃˙ˋˋ ˑ˔ˑ˄˖ˡ ˃ˍ˕˖Ǧ ˃ˎ˟ːˑ˔˕˟˒˓ˋˑ˄˓ˈ˕˃ˈ˕ˑ˄˖˚ˈːˋˈ˔˒ˈ˙ˋ˃ˎˋ˔˕ˑ˅ǡ˔˒ˑ˔ˑ˄ː˞˘ː˃ ˅˞˔ˑˍˑˏ˒˓ˑ˗ˈ˔˔ˋˑː˃ˎ˟ːˑˏ˖˓ˑ˅ːˈ˔ˋ˔˒ˑˎ˟ˊˑ˅˃ːˋˈˏ˔ˑ˅˓ˈǦ ˏˈːː˞˘ ˔˒ˈ˙ˋ˃ˎ˟ː˞˘ˊː˃ːˋˌ˓ˈ˛˃˕˟ ˔ˎˑˉː˞ˈ ˊ˃ˇ˃˚ˋǡ ˔˅ˢǦ ˊ˃ːː˞ˈ ˔ ˓˃ˊ˅ˋ˕ˋˈˏ ˕˖˓ˋ˔˕˔ˍˑˌ ˇˈˢ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ˔˕ˋ ˒˓ˋˏˑ˓˔ˍˋ˘ ˆˑ˓ˑˇˑ˅Ǥ ʜˈ˔ˏˑ˕˓ˢː˃˕ˑǡ˚˕ˑ˒˓ˑ˗ˈ˔˔ˋˑː˃ˎˋˊˏ˔ˑ˕˓˖ˇːˋˍˑ˅ǡ ˑˍ˃ˊ˞˅˃ˡ˜ˋ˘ ˍˑˏ˒ˎˈˍ˔ ˕˖˓ˋ˔˕˔ˍˋ˘ ˖˔ˎ˖ˆ ˏˑ˓˔ˍˋˏ ˍ˓˖ˋˊǦ ː˞ˏ˔˖ˇ˃ˏǡˊː˃˚ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ˅˞˓ˑ˔˅˒ˑ˔ˎˈˇːˋˈˆˑˇ˞ǡ˔ˑ˔˕ˑ˓ˑː˞ ˔˖ˇˑ˘ˑˇː˞˘ˍˑˏ˒˃ːˋˌːˈ˖ˏˈː˟˛˃ˈ˕˔ˢˍˑˎˋ˚ˈ˔˕˅ˑ˓ˈˍˎ˃ˏ˃Ǧ ˙ˋˌǡ˔˅ˢˊ˃ːː˞˘˔ˑ˛ˋ˄ˍ˃ˏˋǡːˈˇˑ˓˃˄ˑ˕ˍ˃ˏˋǡːˈˇˑ˔˕˃˕ˑ˚ː˞ˏ ˍ˃˚ˈ˔˕˅ˑˏ ˒˓ˈˇˑ˔˕˃˅ˎˢˈˏ˞˘ ˖˔ˎ˖ˆǡ ːˈ˔ˑˑ˕˅ˈ˕˔˕˅ˋˈˏ ˍˑˏǦ ˒ˎˈˍ˔˃ ˑˍ˃ˊ˞˅˃ˈˏ˞˘ ˖˔ˎ˖ˆ ˕˓ˈ˄ˑ˅˃ːˋˢˏ ˏˈˉˇ˖ː˃˓ˑˇː˞˘ ˔˕˃ːˇ˃˓˕ˑ˅Ǥ
ʢ˚ˋ˕˞˅˃ˢ˒ˑ˕˓ˈ˄ːˑ˔˕ˋ˓˞ːˍ˃ǡ˅ʙ˓˞ˏ˔ˍˑˏ˗ˈˇˈ˓˃ˎ˟ːˑˏ ˖ːˋ˅ˈ˓˔ˋ˕ˈ˕ˈˋˏˈːˋʑǤ ʗǤ ʑˈ˓ː˃ˇ˔ˍˑˆˑǡʒ˖ˏ˃ːˋ˕˃˓ːˑ-˒ˈˇ˃ˆˑǦ ˆˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˑˌ ˃ˍ˃ˇˈˏˋˋȋ˗ˋˎˋ˃ˎˈȌ ˅ ˆǤ ʮˎ˕ˈ˅ˈˇˈ˕˔ˢ˒ˑˇˆˑ˕ˑ˅ˍ˃ ˔˒ˈ˙ˋ˃ˎˋ˔˕ˑ˅ǡ˔˒ˑ˔ˑ˄ː˞˘˒˓ˑ˗ˈ˔˔ˋˑː˃ˎ˟ːˑ˓ˈ˛˃˕˟ˍˑˏ˒ˎˈˍ˔ ˅ˑ˒˓ˑ˔ˑ˅ǡ˔˅ˢˊ˃ːː˞˘˔ˑ˓ˆ˃ːˋˊ˃˙ˋˈˌ˕˖˓ˋ˔˕˔ˍˑˆˑˑ˄˔ˎ˖ˉˋ˅˃Ǧ ːˋˢǡ˕ˑˈ˔˕˟˖˔˒ˈ˛ːˑ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˃˕˟ː˃ ˒˓ˈˇ˒˓ˋˢ˕ˋˢ˘ˋ ˑ˓ˆ˃ːˋˊ˃Ǧ ˙ˋˢ˘ǡˑ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅ˎˢˡ˜ˋ˘ ˕˖˓ˋ˔˕˔ˍ˖ˡ˔ˈ˓˅ˋ˔ː˖ˡˇˈˢ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ˔˕˟ǡ ˅˕ˑˏ˚ˋ˔ˎˈˋ˅ˑ˕ˈ˚ˈ˔˕˅ˈːː˞˘˒ˑ˓˕˃˘Ǥ
ʙ ˔ˑˉ˃ˎˈːˋˡǡ ˓ˢˇ ˕˓˖ˇˑ˅ ˑ˕ˈ˚ˈ˔˕˅ˈːː˞˘ ˃˅˕ˑ˓ˑ˅ ˒˓ˑǦ ˛ˎ˞˘ˎˈ˕ǡ˒ˑ˔˅ˢ˜ˈːː˞˘ˑ˓ˆ˃ːˋˊ˃˙ˋˋ˓˃˄ˑ˕˞ ˒˓ˈˇ˒˓ˋˢ˕ˋˌǡ ˑ˕ːˑ˔ˢ˜ˋ˘˔ˢˍ˔˗ˈ˓ˈ˖˔ˎ˖ˆˏˑ˓˔ˍˑˆˑ˕˓˃ː˔˒ˑ˓˕ːˑˆˑ˔ˈ˓˅ˋ˔˃ǡ ːˈ˅˒ˑˎːˑˌˏˈ˓ˈ˖˚ˋ˕˞˅˃ˡ˕˕˓ˈ˄ˑ˅˃ːˋˢ˔ˑ˅˓ˈˏˈːːˑˆˑˏˈˉǦ ˇ˖ː˃˓ˑˇːˑˆˑ˓˞ːˍ˃˖˔ˎ˖ˆȋʙ˖˓˄˃˕ˑ˅ ʛǤ ʏǤǡʚˋˏˑːˑ˅ ʬǤ ʚǤǡʜˋǦ ˍˑˎ˃ˈ˅˃ ʚǤ ʚǤǡʚ˖ˆˑ˅˙ˑ˅ ʏǤ ʣǤǡʛ˃˔ˎˑ˅ ʒǤ ʏǤȌǤʟ˃˄ˑ˕˞˒ˑ˔ˎˈˇːˋ˘ ˎˈ˕˕˃ˍˋ˘˃˅˕ˑ˓ˑ˅ǡ ˍ˃ˍ ʞˈ˕˓ˑ˅ ʗǤ ʛǤǡʠˈˎˋ˅˃ːˑ˅ ʑǤ ʑǤǡʐ˃˓˞˛ːˋǦ ˍˑ˅˃ ʑǤ ʑǤǡ ʐˑːˇ˃˓ˈːˍˑ ʑǤ ʗǤǡ ʑˋˆˑ˅˔ˍˋˌ ʑǤ ʏǤǡ ˇˑ˔˕˃˕ˑ˚ːˑ ˒ˑˎːˑ ˋ˔˔ˎˈˇ˖ˡ˕ ː˃ˍˑ˓˃˔˔˚ˋ˕˃ː˞ǡ ˅ˑ˔ːˑ˅ːˑˏǡ ː˃ˍ˓˖ˆ˚ˋ˕˃˕ˈˎˈˌǡˋˏˈˡ˜ˋ˘
˔ˑ˅˓ˈˏˈːː˞ˈ˓ˈ˃ˎˋˋ ˓˞ːˍ˃˃ˆˈː˕˔ˍˋ˘ ˖˔ˎ˖ˆǡ ˑˇǦ
5
˒˓ˑ˗ˈ˔˔ˋˑː˃ˎ˟ː˖ˡ ˒ˑˇˆˑ˕ˑ˅ˍ˖ ˅ ˑ˄ˎ˃˔˕ˋ ˏˑ˓˔ˍˑˆˑ ˕˓˃ː˔Ǧ ˒ˑ˓˕˃ǡ˚˕ˑːˈ˅˒ˑˎːˑˌˏˈ˓ˈˑ˕˅ˈ˚˃ˈ˕˒ˑ˕˓ˈ˄ːˑ˔˕ˢˏǡ˔˅ˢˊ˃ːǦ ː˞ˏ˔˔ˑ˅˓ˈˏˈːːˑˌˏˈ˕ˑˇˋˍˑˌˑ˄˖˚ˈːˋˢ˔˕˖ˇˈː˕ˑ˅˒˓ˑ˗ˈ˔Ǧ ˔ˋˑː˃ˎ˟ːˑˌ ˇˈˢ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ˔˕ˋ ˅ ˑ˄ˎ˃˔˕ˋ ˏˈˉˇ˖ː˃˓ˑˇːˑˆˑ ˏˑ˓˔ˍˑˆˑ˕˖˓ˋˊˏ˃Ǥ
ʑˠ˕ˑˌ˔˅ˢˊˋˑ˔ˑ˄˖ˡ˃ˍ˕˖˃ˎ˟ːˑ˔˕˟˒˓ˋˑ˄˓ˈ˕˃ˈ˕˔ˑˊˇ˃ːˋˈ ˖˚ˈ˄ːˑˆˑ˒ˑ˔ˑ˄ˋˢǡ ˅ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˏˋˊˎ˃ˆ˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˖˚ˈ˄ː˞ˌˏ˃˕ˈ˓ˋ˃ˎ ˅˒ˑ˓ˢˇˍˈ ˋ˅˔ˑˑ˕˅ˈ˕˔˕˅ˋˋ˔˔ˑ˅˓ˈˏˈːː˞ˏˋ˕˓ˈ˄ˑ˅˃ːˋˢˏˋ ˑ˓ˆ˃ːˋˊ˃˙ˋˋ˖˚ˈ˄ːˑˆˑ˒˓ˑ˙ˈ˔˔˃ ˅ˑ˄ˎ˃˔˕ˋˏˑ˓˔ˍˑˆˑ˕˖˓ˋˊˏ˃.
ʜ˃˔˕ˑˢ˜ˈˈ˖˚ˈ˄ːˑˈ ˒ˑ˔ˑ˄ˋˈ˒˓ˈˇː˃ˊː˃˚ˈːˑ ˇˎˢ˔˕˖ˇˈːǦ ˕ˑ˅ ˋ ˃˔˒ˋ˓˃ː˕ˑ˅ ˅˞˔˛ˋ˘ ˖˚ˈ˄ː˞˘ ˊ˃˅ˈˇˈːˋˌǡ ˋˊ˖˚˃ˡ˜ˋ˘ ˕ˈˑ˓ˋˡˋ˒˓˃ˍ˕ˋˍ˖˖˒˓˃˅ˎˈːˋˢ˕˖˓ˋ˔˕˔ˍˑˌ ˋːˇ˖˔˕˓ˋˈˌǡ˅ˑǦ ˒˓ˑ˔˞ ˑ˓ˆ˃ːˋˊ˃˙ˋˋ ˋ ˓˃ˊ˅ˋ˕ˋˢ ˏˈˉˇ˖ː˃˓ˑˇːˑˆˑ ˏˑ˓˔ˍˑˆˑ ˕˖˓ˋˊˏ˃ǡ˔˅ˢˊ˃ːː˞ˈ˔ˏˈːˈˇˉˏˈː˕ˑˏˏˑ˓˔ˍˋ˘˕˓˃ː˔˒ˑ˓˕ː˞˘ ˖˔ˎ˖ˆǤ
6
ʡˈˏ˃ 1Ǥ
ʠʢʨʜʝʠʡʫʛʝʟʠʙʝʒʝʏʒʔʜʡʗʟʝʑʏʜʗʮ
ʛˑ˓˔ˍˑˈ˃ˆˈː˕ˋ˓ˑ˅˃ːˋˈ˒˓ˈˇ˔˕˃˅ˎˢˈ˕ ˔ˑ˄ˑˌˑ˔ˑ˄˖ˡ˔˗ˈ˓˖ ˒ˑ˔˓ˈˇːˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˑˌˇˈˢ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ˔˕ˋː˃ ˏˑ˓˔ˍˑˏ˕˓˃ː˔˒ˑ˓˕ˈǤ ʞ˓ˑ˕ˑǦ ˕ˋ˒˞ˏˑ˓˔ˍˋ˘˃ˆˈː˕ˑ˅˒ˑˢ˅ˋˎˋ˔˟ˈ˜ˈ ˅ˇ˓ˈ˅ːˈˏˏˋ˓ˈǡ˅˔˓ˈˇːˋˈ ˅ˈˍ˃˅ˊ˃ˍˑːˑˇ˃˕ˈˎ˟˔˕˅ˈˏːˑˆˋ˘˔˕˓˃ː˖˒ˑˏˋː˃ˈ˕˔ˢˑˎˋ˙˃˘ǡ˒ˑ ˔˖˕ˋǡ˒˓ˈˇ˔˕˃˅ˎˢˡ˜ˋ˘˃ˆˈː˕ˑ˅Ǥʝ˒˓ˈˇˈˎˈːˋˈ˃ˆˈː˕˃ˑ˕ˎˋ˚˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˅ ˊ˃ˍˑːˑˇ˃˕ˈˎ˟˔˕˅ˈ˓˃ˊˎˋ˚ː˞˘ ˔˕˓˃ːǤ ʡ˃ˍˉˈˋ˔˒ˑˎ˟ˊ˖ˈ˕˔ˢ ːˈǦ ˔ˍˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˓˃ˊˎˋ˚ː˞˘ ˍˎ˃˔˔ˋ˗ˋˍ˃˙ˋˌ ˒ˑ˓˕ˑ˅˞˘ ˃ˆˈː˕ˑ˅˒ˑ˕ˈˏ ˋˎˋ ˋː˞ˏ ˒˓ˋˊː˃ˍ˃ˏǤ ʝ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅ˎˢˢ ˔˅ˑˡˇˈˢ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ˔˕˟ǡ ˃ˆˈː˕ ˅˔˕˖˒˃ˈ˕˅ ˇˑˆˑ˅ˑ˓ː˞ˈˑ˕ːˑ˛ˈːˋˢ ˔˒˓ˋː˙ˋ˒˃ˎˑˏǡ ˑ˗ˋ˙ˋ˃ˎ˟Ǧ ː˞ˏˋ˅ˎ˃˔˕ˢˏˋ ˋ˕˓ˈ˕˟ˋˏˋˎˋ˙˃ˏˋǤʠ˖ˇˑ˅ˎ˃ˇˈˎˈ˙ˇˑˎˉˈː˕˜˃Ǧ ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˋ˕˟ˍ˒˓ˑ˙ˈ˔˔˖˅˞˄ˑ˓˃ˋː˃ˊː˃˚ˈːˋˢ˃ˆˈː˕˃Ǥ
ʙˎˡ˚ˈ˅˞ˈ˒ˑːˢ˕ˋˢˋ˕ˈ˓ˏˋː˞
Ȇ ˃ˆˈː˕ Ȇ ˃ˆˈː˕-˄˓ˑˍˈ˓ Ȇ ˃ˆˈː˕˔ˍˋˈˑ˕ːˑ˛ˈːˋˢ Ȇ ʐʗʛʙʝ Ȇ ˅ː˖˕˓ˈːːˋˈˑ˕ːˑ˛ˈːˋˢ Ȇ ˅ːˈ˛ːˋˈˑ˕ːˑ˛ˈːˋˢ Ȇ ˆˈːˈ˓˃ˎ˟ː˞ˌ˃ˆˈː˕ Ȇ ˇˑˆˑ˅ˑ˓ː˞ˈ˒˃˓˕ːˈ˓˞ Ȇ ˍˑˏˋ˔˔ˋˑːˈ˓ Ȇ ˍ˓˖ˋˊːˑˈ˔˖ˇˑ˘ˑˇ˔˕˅ˑ Ȇ ˎˋːˈˌː˞ˈ˃ˆˈː˕˞ Ȇ ˎˋːˈˌːˑˈ˔˖ˇˑ˘ˑˇ˔˕˅ˑ Ȇ ˏˑ˓˔ˍˑˈ˃ˆˈː˕ˋ˓ˑ˅˃ːˋˈ Ȇ ˏˑ˓˔ˍˑˌ˃ˆˈː˕ Ȇ ˑ˗ˋ˙ˋ˃ˎ˟ː˞ˈ˅ˎ˃˔˕ˋ Ȇ ˒ˑˎːˑˏˑ˚ˋˢ Ȇ ˒ˑ˓˕ˑ˅˞ˌ˃ˆˈː˕
Ȇ ˒˓ˋː˙ˋ˒˃ˎ Ȇ ˒˓ˑ˕ˈˍ˕ˋːˆ-˃ˆˈː˕˞ Ȇ ˔ˇˈˎˍ˃ Ȇ ˔˒ˈ˙ˋ˃ˎ˟ː˞ˌ˃ˆˈː˕ Ȇ ˔˕˓˃˘ˑ˅ˑˌ˃ˆˈː˕ Ȇ ˔˖ˇˑ˅ˎ˃ˇˈˎˈ˙ Ȇ ˔˖ˇˑ˅ˑˌ˃ˆˈː˕
˕ˑ˓ˆˑ˅ˑˈ˔˖ˇˑ˘ˑˇ˔˕˅ˑ
Ȇ Ȇ ˕˓˃ˏ˒ˑ˅ˑˈ˔˖ˇˑ˘ˑˇ˔˕˅ˑ Ȇ ˕˓ˈ˅ˠˎ-˃ˆˈː˕˞ Ȇ ˕˓ˈ˕˟ˋˎˋ˙˃ Ȇ ˖ːˋ˅ˈ˓˔˃ˎ˟ː˞ˌ˃ˆˈː˕ Ȇ ˗˓˃˘˕ˑ˅˃˕ˈˎ˟ Ȇ ˗˓˃˘˕ˑ˅˞ˈ˄˓ˑˍˈ˓˞ Ȇ ʣʝʜʏʠʐʏ Ȇ ˛ˋ˒˚˃ːˇˎˈ˓ȋ˚˃ːˇˎˈ˓Ȍ
ʞˎ˃ːˋˊˎˑˉˈːˋˢˋ˖˔˅ˑˈːˋˢˏ˃˕ˈ˓ˋ˃ˎ˃
ͳǤͳǤ ʞˑːˢ˕ˋˈ«˒ˑ˓˕ˑ˅˞ˌ˃ˆˈː˕»Ǥ
ͳǤʹǤ ʙˎ˃˔˔ˋ˗ˋˍ˃˙ˋˢ˃ˆˈː˕ˑ˅Ǥ
ͳǤ͵Ǥ ʠ˕ˑ˓ˑː˞˃ˆˈː˕˔ˍˋ˘ˑ˕ːˑ˛ˈːˋˌǤ
ͳǤͶǤ ʝ˔ˑ˄ˈːːˑ˔˕ˋ ˅˞˄ˑ˓˃ ˋ ː˃ˊː˃˚ˈːˋˢ ˒ˑ˓˕ˑ˅ˑˆˑ ˃ˆˈː˕˃Ǥ
7
ͳǤͳǤ ʞˑːˢ˕ˋˈ«˒ˑ˓˕ˑ˅˞ˌ˃ˆˈː˕»
ʑ ˑ˕ˈ˚ˈ˔˕˅ˈːːˑˌ ˋ ˊ˃˓˖˄ˈˉːˑˌ ˎˋ˕ˈ˓˃˕˖˓ˈ ˅˔˕˓ˈ˚˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˏːˑˉˈ˔˕˅ˑ ˓˃ˊˎˋ˚ː˞˘ ː˃ˊ˅˃ːˋˌ˃ˆˈː˕˃ǡ ˅ ˚˃˔˕ːˑ˔˕ˋǣ Ǽ˒ˑ˓˕ˑǦ ˅˞ˌ˃ˆˈː˕ǽǡ Ǽˏˑ˓˔ˍˑˌ˃ˆˈː˕ǽǡ Ǽ˃ˆˈː˕˔˖ˇˑ˅ˎ˃ˇˈˎ˟˙˃ǽǡǼ˔˖ˇˑ˅ˑˌ ˃ˆˈː˕ǽǡ Ǽˇˑ˅ˈ˓ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑˈˎˋ˙ˑ ˔˖ˇː˃ǽǤ ʜˑː˃ˋ˄ˑˎˈˈ ˒ˑˎːˑ ˓˃˔Ǧ ˍ˓˞˅˃ˈ˕˔˖˜ːˑ˔˕˟ˏˑ˓˔ˍˑˆˑ˃ˆˈː˕ˋ˓ˑ˅˃ːˋˢ˕ˈ˓ˏˋːǼ˒ˑ˓˕ˑ˅˞ˌ ˃ˆˈː˕ǽǤʞˑ˔ˍˑˎ˟ˍ˖ˍ˓ˑˏˈˋː˕ˈ˓ˈ˔ˑ˅˔˖ˇˑ˅ˎ˃ˇˈˎ˟˙˃ǡˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈˢ˅Ǧ ˎˢˡ˕˔ˢˆˎ˃˅ː˞ˏˋˇˎˢˏˑ˓˔ˍˑˆˑ ˃ˆˈː˕˃ǡˑːˏˑˉˈ˕ ˕˃ˍˉˈ˒˓ˈˇǦ ˔˕˃˅ˎˢ˕˟ ˋː˕ˈ˓ˈ˔˞ ˕˖˓ˑ˒ˈ˓˃˕ˑ˓ˑ˅ǡ ˗˓˃˘˕ˑ˅˃˕ˈˎˈˌǡˑ˕˒˓˃˅ˋ˕ˈǦ ˎˈˌǡ˒ˑˎ˖˚˃˕ˈˎˈˌˆ˓˖ˊ˃ǡ˔˕˓˃˘ˑ˅˜ˋˍˑ˅ˋˇ˓˖ˆˋ˘˕˓ˈ˕˟ˋ˘ˎˋ˙Ǥ
ʏˆˈː˕ – ˠ˕ˑˇˑ˅ˈ˓ˈːːˑˈˎˋ˙ˑȋˡ˓ˋˇˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˑˈˋˎˋ˗ˋˊˋ˚ˈǦ ˔ˍˑˈȌǡ˔ˑ˅ˈ˓˛˃ˡ˜ˈˈˑ˒˓ˈˇˈˎˈːː˞ˈ ˇˈˌ˔˕˅ˋˢ˒ˑ ˒ˑ˓˖˚ˈːˋˡ ˇ˓˖ˆˑˆˑ ˎˋ˙˃ ȋ˒˓ˋː˙ˋ˒˃ˎ˃Ȍǡ ˑ˕ ˈˆˑ ˋˏˈːˋǡ ˅ ˈˆˑ ˋː˕ˈ˓ˈ˔˃˘ ˋˊ˃ˈˆˑ˔˚ˈ˕Ǥ
ʞˑ˓˕ˑ˅˞ˌ ˃ˆˈː˕ – ˗ˋˊˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˑˈˋˎˋˡ˓ˋˇˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˑˈˎˋ˙ˑǡˑ˄Ǧ ˔ˎ˖ˉˋ˅˃ˡ˜ˈˈ ˕ˈ˒ˎˑ˘ˑˇ˞ ˔˖ˇˑ˘ˑˇː˞˘ ˍˑˏ˒˃ːˋˌ ˒ˑ ˃ˆˈː˕Ǧ ˔ˍˑˏ˖ˇˑˆˑ˅ˑ˓˖Ǥʏˆˈː˕ ˑ˄ˈ˔˒ˈ˚ˋ˅˃ˈ˕ˊ˃˜ˋ˕˖ˋː˕ˈ˓ˈ˔ˑ˅˔˖ˇˑǦ ˅ˎ˃ˇˈˎ˟˙ˈ˅ ˒ˈ˓ˈˇ ˆˑ˔˖ˇ˃˓˔˕˅ˈːː˞ˏˋ ˍˑː˕˓ˑˎˋ˓˖ˡ˜ˋˏˋ ˑ˓ˆ˃ː˃ˏˋǡ ˃ˇˏˋːˋ˔˕˓˃˙ˋˈˌ ˒ˑ˓˕˃ǡ ˆ˓˖ˊˑ˅ˎ˃ˇˈˎ˟˙˃ˏˋ ˋ ˇ˓Ǥ ʏˆˈː˕ˊ˃˜ˋ˜˃ˈ˕ˋː˕ˈ˓ˈ˔˞˔˖ˇˑ˅ˎ˃ˇˈˎ˟˙˃ǡ˔ˑˑ˄˜˃ˈ˕˕˃ˏˑˉˈːǦ ː˞ˏˋˇ˓˖ˆˋˏˍˑː˕˓ˑˎˋ˓˖ˡ˜ˋˏ ˑ˓ˆ˃ː˃ˏˑ˔˓ˑˍ˃˘˒˓ˋ˄˞˕ˋˢ ˔˖ˇː˃ǡ ˑ˓ˆ˃ːˋˊ˖ˈ˕ ˋ˔˒ˑˎːˈːˋˈ ˒ˑ˓˕ˑ˅˞˘ ˗ˑ˓ˏ˃ˎ˟ːˑ˔˕ˈˌ ˋ ˑ˗ˑ˓ˏˎˈːˋˈˇˑˍ˖ˏˈː˕ˑ˅ǡˑ˄ˈ˔˒ˈ˚ˋ˅˃ˈ˕˔ˑˇˈˌ˔˕˅ˋˈ˅ˑ˄˔ˎ˖ˉˋǦ ˅˃ːˋˋ˔˖ˇː˃Ǥʠ˖ˇˑ˅ˎ˃ˇˈˎˈ˙ ˍˑˏ˒ˈː˔ˋ˓˖ˈ˕˃ˆˈː˕˖˓˃˔˘ˑˇ˞ ˒ˑ ˑ˄˔ˎ˖ˉˋ˅˃ːˋˡ ˔˖ˇː˃ˋ ˅˞˒ˎ˃˚ˋ˅˃ˈ˕ ˅ˑˊː˃ˆ˓˃ˉˇˈːˋˈ ˅˓˃ˊǦ ˏˈ˓ˈǡˑˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˈːːˑˏ ˃ˆˈː˕˔ˍˋˏˇˑˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˑˏǤʟ˃˔˘ˑˇ˞˒ˑ˓˕ˑ˅ˑˆˑ ˃ˆˈː˕˃ˑ˕˓˃ˉ˃ˡ˕˔ˢ˅ˇˋ˔˄˖˓˔ˏˈː˕˔ˍˑˏ˔˚ˈ˕ˈǡ˒˓ˈˇ˝ˢ˅ˎˢˈˏˑˏ ˍˑ˒ˎ˃˕ˈ˔˖ˇˑ˅ˎ˃ˇˈˎ˟˙˖Ǥ
ʝ˒˓ˈˇˈˎˈːˋˈ˃ˆˈː˕˃ˋˏˈˈ˕ˑ˒˓ˈˇˈˎˈːː˞ˈ ˑ˕ˎˋ˚ˋˢ˅ˊ˃Ǧ ˍˑːˑˇ˃˕ˈˎ˟˔˕˅ˈ˓˃ˊˎˋ˚ː˞˘˔˕˓˃ːǤ
ʡ˃ˍǡ˒ˑ˗˓˃ː˙˖ˊ˔ˍˑˏ˖˒˓˃˅˖ ˃ˆˈː˕ˢ˅ˎˢˈ˕˔ˢ ˖˒ˑˎːˑˏˑǦ ˚ˈːː˞ˏ˒˓ˈˇ˔˕˃˅ˋ˕ˈˎˈˏ˔˖ˇˑ˅ˎ˃ˇˈˎ˟˙˃ˋ˒ˑˇˎˋ˚ː˖ˡˑ˕˅ˈ˕Ǧ ˔˕˅ˈːːˑ˔˕˟ ˅˞˒ˑˎːˢˈ˕˅ˈ˔˟ ˍˑˏ˒ˎˈˍ˔ ˖˔ˎ˖ˆ ˋˑ˒ˈ˓˃˙ˋˌǡ ːˈ ˑ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅ˎˢˈˏ˞˘˔˃ˏˋˏˍ˃˒ˋ˕˃ːˑˏ˔˖ˇː˃Ǥ
ʑʞˑˎ˟˛ˈ ˔ˑˆˎ˃˔ːˑʛˑ˓˔ˍˑˏ˖ˍˑˇˈˍ˔˖ͳͻ͸ͳˆˑˇ˃˃ˆˈː˕ˑˏ ˔˚ˋ˕˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˒ˑ˔˕ˑˢːː˞ˌ ˒˓ˈˇ˔˕˃˅ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ ˔˖ˇˑ˅ˎ˃ˇˈˎ˟˙˃ǡ ˇˈˌǦ ˔˕˅˖ˡ˜ˋˌˑ˕ˈˆˑˋˏˈːˋˋˊ˃ˈˆˑ˔˚ˈ˕Ǥ
8
ʑʐˈˎ˟ˆˋˋ ʏ˔˔ˑ˙ˋ˃˙ˋˈˌˏˑ˓˔ˍˋ˘ˑ˓ˆ˃ːˋˊ˃˙ˋˌ ˒ˑ˓˕˃ʏː˕Ǧ ˅ˈ˓˒ˈː˃ˆˈː˕ ˑ˒˓ˈˇˈˎˢˈ˕˔ˢ˔ˎˈˇ˖ˡ˜ˋˏˑ˄˓˃ˊˑˏǣ Ǽˠ˕ˑˎˋ˙ˑǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˏ˖ˑ˕ˋˏˈːˋˋ˒ˑ˒ˑ˓˖˚ˈːˋˡ˔˖ˇˑ˅ˎ˃ˇˈˎ˟˙ˈ˅ǡ˗˓˃˘˕ˑǦ ˅˃˕ˈˎˈˌǡˍ˃˒ˋ˕˃ːˑ˅˔˖ˇˑ˅˒ˑ˓˖˚ˈːˑː˃˄ˎˡˇ˃˕˟ˊ˃ˇˈˢ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑǦ ˔˕˟ˡ ˔˖ˇː˃ ˋ ˅ˈ˔˕ˋ ˇˈˎ˃ ˒ˑ˔ˎˈˇːˈˆˑǡ ˑ˄ˈ˔˒ˈ˚ˋ˅˃ˢ ˅ ˔˃ˏˑˏ ˛ˋ˓ˑˍˑˏ ˒ˑːˋˏ˃ːˋˋ ˅˔ˈ ˇˈˌ˔˕˅ˋˢǡ ːˈˑ˄˘ˑˇˋˏ˞ˈ ˇˎˢ ˑ˔˖Ǧ ˜ˈ˔˕˅ˎˈːˋˢ ˕˓˃ː˔˒ˑ˓˕ː˞˘ ˑ˒ˈ˓˃˙ˋˌǡ ˅ˍˎˡ˚˃ˢ ˕˃ˏˑˉˈːːˑˈ ˑ˗ˑ˓ˏˎˈːˋˈ ˋ ˅ˊ˃ˋˏˑˇˈˌ˔˕˅ˋˈ ˔ ˇ˓˖ˆˋˏˋ ˑ˓ˆ˃ːˋˊ˃˙ˋˢˏˋǡ ˅˚˃˔˕ːˑ˔˕ˋǡ˔˒ˑˎ˖˚˃˕ˈˎˢˏˋˋˑ˕˒˓˃˅ˋ˕ˈˎˢˏˋˆ˓˖ˊˑ˅ǡ˅˞˒ˑˎǦ ːˈːˋˈ ˎˡ˄˞˘ ˇˈˎǡ ˋˏˈˡ˜ˋ˘ ːˈ˒ˑ˔˓ˈˇ˔˕˅ˈːːˑˈ ˑ˕ːˑ˛ˈːˋˈ ˍ˒ˑ˓˖˚ˈːˋˡǡ˃˕˃ˍˉˈˑˍ˃ˊ˃ːˋˈ˒ˑ˔˓ˈˇːˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋ˘˖˔ˎ˖ˆ˅ˍ˃˚ˈǦ ˔˕˅ˈ˒˓ˈˇ˔˕˃˅ˋ˕ˈˎˢ˒ˈ˓ˈ˅ˑˊ˚ˋˍ˃˒˓ˋˊ˃ˍˎˡ˚ˈːˋˋ˗˓˃˘˕ˑ˅˞˘ ˔ˇˈˎˑˍǽǤ
ʑ ʤˑ˓˅˃˕ˋˋ ˏˑ˓˔ˍˑˌ ˃ˆˈː˕ˑ˒˓ˈˇˈˎˢˈ˕˔ˢ ˍ˃ˍ Ǽ˗ˋˊˋ˚ˈǦ ˔ˍˑˈ ˋˎˋ ˡ˓ˋˇˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˑˈ ˎˋ˙ˑǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˈ ˒ˑ˔˓ˈˇːˋ˚˃ˈ˕˅ˏˑ˓Ǧ ˔ˍˑˌˇˈˢ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ˔˕ˋǽǤ
ʣʝʜʏʠʐʏ – ʣˈˇˈ˓˃˙ˋˢʜ˃˙ˋˑː˃ˎ˟ː˞˘ʏ˔˔ˑ˙ˋ˃˙ˋˌʠ˖ˇˑǦ ˅˞˘ʐ˓ˑˍˈ˓ˑ˅ˋʏˆˈː˕ˑ˅ˇ˃ˈ˕˔ˎˈˇ˖ˡ˜ˈˈˑ˒˓ˈˇˈˎˈːˋˈ ˃ˆˈː˕˖ǣ Ǽˠ˕ˑ ˒ˑ˓˕ˑ˅˞ˌ ˃ˆˈː˕ǡ ˢ˅ˎˢˡ˜ˋˌ˔ˢ ˚ˎˈːˑˏ ː˃˙ˋˑǦ ː˃ˎ˟ːˑˌ ˃˔˔ˑ˙ˋ˃˙ˋˋ ˔˖ˇˑ˅˞˘ ˄˓ˑˍˈ˓ˑ˅ ˋ ˃ˆˈː˕ˑ˅ǡ ˚ˎˈːˑˏ ʣʝʜʏʠʐʏǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˏ˖ ˒ˑ˓˖˚ˈːˑ ˇˈˌ˔˕˅ˑ˅˃˕˟ ˑ˕ˋˏˈːˋ˔˖ˇˑǦ ˅ˎ˃ˇˈˎ˟˙ˈ˅ː˃ː˃˔˕ˑˢ˜ˋ˘˖˔ˎˑ˅ˋˢ˘ǽ.
ͳǤʹǤʙˎ˃˔˔ˋ˗ˋˍ˃˙ˋˢ˃ˆˈː˕ˑ˅
ʞˑ˓˕ˑ˅˞ˈ ˃ˆˈː˕˞ˏˑˆ˖˕˄˞˕˟ˍˎ˃˔˔ˋ˗ˋ˙ˋ˓ˑ˅˃ː˞˒ˑ˓ˢˇ˖ ˓˃ˊˎˋ˚ː˞˘˒˓ˋˊː˃ˍˑ˅ǡː˃ˋ˄ˑˎˈˈ˓˃˔˒˓ˑ˔˕˓˃ːˈːː˞ˈˋˊˍˑ˕ˑǦ ˓˞˘˔ˎˈˇ˖ˡ˜ˋˈǣ
˒ˑ˅ˋˇ˖ˇˈˢ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ˔˕ˋǢ
˒ˑˑ˄˝ˈˏ˖˒ˑˎːˑˏˑ˚ˋˌǢ
˒ˑ˅ˋˇ˖˔˖ˇˑ˘ˑˇ˔˕˅˃Ǣ
˒ˑ˒ˑ˓ˢˇˍ˖ː˃ˊː˃˚ˈːˋˢǢ
˒ˑ˗ˑ˓ˏˈ˔ˑ˄˔˕˅ˈːːˑ˔˕ˋǢ
˒ˑ˔˕ˈ˒ˈːˋˑ˕˅ˈ˕˔˕˅ˈːːˑ˔˕ˋ˒ˈ˓ˈˇ˒˓ˋː˙ˋ˒˃ˎˑˏǤ
ʞˑ˅ˋˇ˖ˇˈˢ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ˔˕ˋ˃ˆˈː˕ˑ˅ˏˑˉːˑ˓˃ˊˇˈˎˋ˕˟ː˃˔ˎˈǦ ˇ˖ˡ˜ˋˈˆ˓˖˒˒˞:
˒ˑ˓˕ˑ˅˞ˌȋ˔˖ˇˑ˅ˑˌȌ˃ˆˈː˕Ǣ
˄˓ˑˍˈ˓Ǣ
9
ˠˍ˔˒ˈˇˋ˕ˑ˓Ǣ
˔˕˓˃˘ˑ˅ˑˌ˃ˆˈː˕Ǣ
ˍˑˏˋ˔˔ˋˑːˈ˓ˋˇ˓Ǥ
ʡ˃ˍˑˈ˓˃ˊˇˈˎˈːˋˈːˈˑˊː˃˚˃ˈ˕ǡ ˚˕ˑˏˑ˓˔ˍˋˈ˃ˆˈː˕˞ˊ˃ːˋǦ ˏ˃ˡ˕˔ˢˇˈˢ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ˔˕˟ˡǡ˘˃˓˃ˍ˕ˈ˓ːˑˌˇˎˢˑˇːˑˆˑˋˊ˖˒ˑˏˢː˖Ǧ ˕˞˘˅ˋˇˑ˅Ǥʑ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˋː˔˕˅ˈ˔ˎ˖˚˃ˈ˅ˑːˋˑ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅ˎˢˡ˕ǡ ˍ˓ˑˏˈ ˒ˑ˓˕ˑ˅ˑˆˑ˃ˆˈː˕ˋ˓ˑ˅˃ːˋˢǡ˕˃ˍˉˈˋ˒ˑ˔˓ˈˇːˋ˚ˈ˔ˍ˖ˡˇˈˢ˕ˈˎ˟Ǧ ːˑ˔˕˟ ˏˈˉˇ˖ ˔˖ˇˑ˅ˎ˃ˇˈˎ˟˙ˈˏ ˋ ˕˓ˈ˕˟ˋˏˋ ˎˋ˙˃ˏˋǤ ʑ ˕ˑ ˉˈ ˅˓ˈˏˢ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅˖ˡ˕˃ˆˈː˕˔ˍˋˈ˗ˋ˓ˏ˞ǡˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈ˔˒ˈ˙ˋ˃ˎˋˊˋ˓˖Ǧ ˡ˕˔ˢ˒ˑˑˇːˑˏ˖ˋˊ˅˞˛ˈː˃ˊ˅˃ːː˞˘˅ˋˇˑ˅ˇˈˢ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ˔˕ˋǤ
ʞˑ˓˕ˑ˅˞ˌȋ˔˖ˇˑ˅ˑˌȌ ˃ˆˈː˕ – ˃ˆˈː˕˔˖ˇˑ˅ˎ˃ˇˈˎ˟˙˃ ȋ˒ˈǦ ˓ˈ˅ˑˊ˚ˋˍ˃Ȍ ˅ ˒ˑ˓˕˃˘ ˊ˃˘ˑˇ˃ ˍ˓˖ˋˊː˞˘ ˔˖ˇˑ˅Ǥ ʠ˖ˇˑ˅ˑˌ ˃ˆˈː˕ ˋˊ˅ˈ˜˃ˈ˕ ˕˖˓ˑ˒ˈ˓˃˕ˑ˓ˑ˅ ˋ ˔ˑˑ˕˅ˈ˕˔˕˅˖ˡ˜ˋˈ ˆˑ˔˖ˇ˃˓Ǧ ˔˕˅ˈːː˞ˈˑ˓ˆ˃ː˞ˑ˅˓ˈˏˈːˋ˒˓ˋ˄˞˕ˋˢ˔˖ˇː˃ǡˑ˓ˆ˃ːˋˊ˖ˈ˕˅˞Ǧ ˒ˑˎːˈːˋˈ˓˃ˊˎˋ˚ː˞˘˒ˑ˓˕ˑ˅˞˘˗ˑ˓ˏ˃ˎ˟ːˑ˔˕ˈˌˋˑ˄˔ˎ˖ˉˋ˅˃Ǧ ːˋˈ ˔˖ˇː˃ǡ ˑ˗ˑ˓ˏˎˢˈ˕ ˇˑˍ˖ˏˈː˕˞ǡ ˊ˃˜ˋ˜˃ˈ˕ ˋː˕ˈ˓ˈ˔˞ ˔˖ˇˑ˅ˎ˃ˇˈˎ˟˙˃ˋ˕Ǥ ˇǤ
ʐ˓ˑˍˈ˓– ˡ˓ˋˇˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˑˈˋˎˋ˗ˋˊˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˑˈˎˋ˙ˑǡ˅˞˒ˑˎːˢˡ˜ˈˈ ˒ˑ˔˓ˈˇːˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋˈ ˗˖ːˍ˙ˋˋ ˏˈˉˇ˖ ˒˓ˑˇ˃˅˙ˑˏ ˋ ˒ˑˍ˖˒˃˕ˈˎˈˏǡ ˔˕˓˃˘ˑ˅˜ˋˍˑˏˋ˔˕˓˃˘ˑ˅˃˕ˈˎˈˏǡ ˔˖ˇˑ˅ˎ˃ˇˈˎ˟˙ˈˏˋ˗˓˃˘˕ˑǦ ˅˃˕ˈˎˈˏǤʝ˄˞˚ːˑ˄˓ˑˍˈ˓ˍ˓ˈˇˋ˕˖ˈ˕˒ˑ˔˕˃˅˜ˋˍ˃ǡːˑ˒˓ˋˠ˕ˑˏ ːˈːˈ˔ˈ˕ˑ˕˅ˈ˕˔˕˅ˈːːˑ˔˕ˋˊ˃˅˞˒ˑˎːˈːː˞ˈ˔ˇˈˎˍˋ.
ʠ˕˓˃˘ˑ˅ˑˌ˃ˆˈː˕ – ˇˑ˅ˈ˓ˈːːˑˈ˗ˋˊˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˑˈˋˎˋˡ˓ˋˇˋ˚ˈǦ ˔ˍˑˈˎˋ˙ˑǡˑ˕ˋˏˈːˋˋ ˒ˑ˒ˑ˓˖˚ˈːˋˡ˔˕˓˃˘ˑ˅˜ˋˍ˃ˑ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅Ǧ ˎˢˡ˜ˈˈ˅ˈˆˑˋː˕ˈ˓ˈ˔˃˘ˋ˒˓ˈˇˈˎ˃˘˒ˑˎ˖˚ˈːː˞˘˒ˑˎːˑˏˑ˚ˋˌ ˃ˍ˅ˋˊˋ˙ˋˡ ˋ ˇ˓˖ˆˋˈ ˑ˒ˈ˓˃˙ˋˋ ˒ˑ ˑ˄˔ˎ˖ˉˋ˅˃ːˋˡ ˇˑˆˑ˅ˑ˓˃ ˔˕˓˃˘ˑ˅˃ːˋˢǤ
ʙˑˏˋ˔˔ˋˑːˈ˓– ˒ˑ˔˓ˈˇːˋˍ ˅˕ˑ˓ˆˑ˅˞˘ ˔ˇˈˎˍ˃˘Ǣˎˋ˙ˑǡ ˅˞Ǧ ˒ˑˎːˢˡ˜ˈˈˊ˃ˑ˔ˑ˄ˑˈ˅ˑˊː˃ˆ˓˃ˉˇˈːˋˈ˕ˑ˓ˆˑ˅˞ˈ˒ˑ˓˖˚ˈːˋˢˑ˕ ˔˅ˑˈˆˑˋˏˈːˋǡːˑˊ˃˔˚ˈ˕ˍˑˏˋ˕ˈː˕˃Ǥʙˑˏˋ˕ˈː˕ – ˎˋ˙ˑǡ˒ˑ˓˖Ǧ ˚˃ˡ˜ˈˈˍˑˏˋ˔˔ˋˑːˈ˓˖˅˞˒ˑˎːˋ˕˟ˍˑˏˋ˔˔ˋˑːː˖ˡǡ˒ˑ˔˓ˈˇːˋ˚ˈǦ ˔ˍ˖ˡ˖˔ˎ˖ˆ˖ǡˊ˃ˍˎˡ˚ˋ˕˟˔ˇˈˎˍ˖ˊ˃ˈˆˑ˔˚ˈ˕Ǥ
ʞˑˑ˄˝ˈˏ˖˒ˑˎːˑˏˑ˚ˋˌ˃ˆˈː˕˞ˏˑˆ˖˕˄˞˕˟ˍˎ˃˔˔ˋ˗ˋ˙ˋ˓ˑǦ
˅˃ː˞˔ˎˈˇ˖ˡ˜ˋˏˑ˄˓˃ˊˑˏǣ
1. Universal agent˅˔ˈˑ˄˜ˋˌǡ ˋˎˋ ˖ːˋ˅ˈ˓˔˃ˎ˟ː˞ˌǡ
˃ˆˈː˕ ˋˏˈˈ˕ ːˈˑˆ˓˃ːˋ˚ˈːː˞ˈ ˅ˑˊˏˑˉːˑ˔˕ˋ ˋ ˒ˑˎːˑˏˑ˚ˋˢ ˒˓ˋː˙ˋ˒˃ˎ˃ˊ˃ˍˎˡ˚˃˕˟ˍˑː˕˓˃ˍ˕˞ˋ˔ˑ˅ˈ˓˛˃˕˟ˎˡ˄˞ˈˍˑˏǦ ˏˈ˓˚ˈ˔ˍˋˈ˔ˇˈˎˍˋˑ˕ˋˏˈːˋ˒˓ˋː˙ˋ˒˃ˎ˃Ǥʝ˄˞˚ːˑˠ˕ˑ˒˓˃˅ˑ
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