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Башкирский Государственный Аграрный Университет
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Pronunciation in practice. Year II. Undergraduate course in practical phonetics. Учебное пособие по практической фонетике для студентов II курса

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☆
Theworst?Well,IsupposeitwaswhileIwasatUniversity.My girlfriendSusanandIhadtwoweekswellno,no,oneweek,oneweek ofabsolutehellandthenthingsgotabitbetter.
Whathappened?Didyoufallout,haverowsandthings?
No,no,no,itwasn`tthat.Therstthingthatwentwrongwas
thatthecountry weweregoingtodecidedto haveawarafewdays beforeweweregoingthere.
Ohno!
Mmm.Sothatwastheendofthat.Buttheplaneweweregoing
onwasstopping offatRome.Soratherthannothavingaholidayat all,wethoughtwe`dgotoItaly.Verynice.Seethesights.Gotothe beachesandgetfatwithpasta.Wewereattheairportwaitingforthe planeandafriendofminewholivedneartheairporthadcometosee usoff.Sowewerehavingafewdrinksinthebarandjokingwiththis friend of mine, Peter, saying: “Poor old you in cold rainy England. Thistimetomorrowwe`llbeinItalyonthebeach.”AndIwentdown toseeiftheighthadbeencalledanddiscoveredthatithadgone.
Ohno!How?
Well it wasa terribly stupid mistake. Wehadn`tchecked the
timeofdeparture.Iwassureitwasgoingat9somethingbutitwasgo­ingat19somethingwhichofcourseis7o`clock.Sowewereactually thereinthebarwhenitwentwithoutus.
Ohsowhatdidyoudo?
Weweredetermined to have ourholiday.The irony was that
Peterwasnowgoingbacktohiscomfortablehomeandwewerestuck inthecoldandtherainat10o`clockatnightYousee,itwasacharter ightsowecouldn`tbookanotherone.Welostourmoneyandallthe otherightswerebookedup.Well,wegotatraintotheSouthCoast andcaught the midnight boat across the Channel,froze to death all night,it wasa terrible crossing with people being sick everywhere. AndeventuallywegottoIthinkitwasDieppeandthen…andthena traintoParis.WegottoParisveryearlyinthemorningandIthought we`dbeallright.Yousee,wenow hadtohitchhikebecause alotof ourmoneyhadgoneontheboatandthetrain,butIthought:“Well,it`s veryearlyinthemorning,we`llgetagoodplacetostarthitchingand
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we`llsoonbewellonourway.”Wegottothestartofthemotorway andIjustcouldn`tbelieveit.I`veneverseensomanypeopletryingto hitchaliftinallmylife.
Why?Whatwasgoingon?
Well,itwasthenthatitsuddenlydawnedonme.ItwasAugust
therst,wasn`tit?AndonAugusttherstinFrancethewholepopula­tiongoesonholidayandtherewerehundredsofpeople,stoppingthe trafc,bangingondrivers`windowstryingto persuadethemtostop andgivethemalift.Itwaschaos,disastrous.
Andwhathappenedthen?
Well,we gotmovingeventually.Alorrydrivergaveus alift.
Andthen thingsstarted toget better,aswe got further south and it got warmer,you know,and we thought: “Oh, at last, the holiday`s beginning.”Well,wecampedthatnightandthensetoffagainthenext day.Wegotsomelifts,andmetagreatchapwhoownedavineyard. Hetookusbacktohisfarmandwetastedallthiswine—Burgundy, myfavourite—andwehadagreattime.Nowtheholidayreallywas starting.Well,hetookusbacktothemotorway,andtherewewereby thesideoftheroad,thesunwasshining,wewereabitmerry,sanga fewsongs—youknowlifewasgreat.Andwegotanotherliftfrom …wellhewasamaniac,completemaniac.Heseemedniceenough, butwithinafewminuteshewasdrivingataboutahundredmilesan hour,overtakingontheinsideofthemotorway,withhisstereoatfull volume,one hand on the wheel and well the other hand on various partsofSusan`sbody.
What!Sowhatdidyoudo?
Idon`tknowwhyIamlaughing,I`veneverbeensofrightened
inallmylife.Wewereabsolutelyhelpless.Susantriedtosaythatshe hadtogotothetoilet,buthewouldn`tstopandthenshepretendedto besickinhiscar,andhestoppedinseconds.Hehadthisreallyash expensivecar,assoonashestoppedwejustjumpedoutandran.The worstthingwasthistremendousdropfromfeelingsogoodtothinking thatweweregoingtogetkilled.
Surelythatwastheendofthedisasters,wasn`tit?
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Ah yes, just about. Weeventually got down to the south of Franceandbegantohaveagoodtime,andthendowntoItaly.Weran outofmoney,ofcourse,butapartfromthat,itwasgood.I`venever hadsuchatiringholiday.Whenwegotback,Iwasexhausted.Atthe endoftheholidayIneededaholiday.

– DoyouknowIusedtoworkasatouristguide? – Yes,Irememberthat. – Yes that’sright. It was about two years ago, um I did it for
aboutayear.
– That’sright.
– AndInishedtwoyearsago.OneofthethingsIhadtodowas takepeoplearoundWindsorCastle,whichis,youknow,theQueen’s weekendresidenceoutsideLondon.
– Yes,I’vebeenthere.
– AndIusedtohavetakepeopleroundit,showthemthesights (Woman Uhum)anderexplainittothemasmuchasIpossiblycould. But some of the strangest things used to happen, especially with Americantourists.
– Icouldguess.
– Occasionally,asyoucanimagine,itwas,itwas.
– Weirdquestions.
– Strange,thequestionsyouusedtoget.OnceIhadaprofessor, andIdidn’tknowhewasaprofessor.AndIwastellingthemaboutthe datesofsomethingorother-
– Right
– Anderhesaid“No,you’vegotthatwrong”.
– Oh,no
– Ithinkitwas,itwasalwaysreallyembarrassing.
– Washerightorwereyouright?
– Hewasright,hewasrightbecauseI…
– Gosh!
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– I guessed, I’d forgottenI’mashamedtosayandI was stupid enoughtothink“Ohwell,theyprobablywon’tknow,I’lljusttellthem anyway.Andhesaid:“No,you’ve got that wrong.QueenElizabeth wasbornin1536”.
– Oh,embarrassing.
– Itwas,itreallywas.Ihadtoerspeakveryfasttocoverupforit.
– Icanimagine.
– But other times you get the very very stupidest comments, I meanreally,reallyembarrassingsometimes(Woman laughs)or,orum funny,youhavetokeepastraightface.
– Likewhat?
– WellonceIwastellingthemsomething,wewereontheterrace outsidethecastlelookingoutovertheThamesValley-
– Oh,howbeautiful!
– Itis,it’sawonderfulview.Haveyouseenit?
– Yes,Ihave,it’sgorgeous.
– And we were looking out over there and an aeroplane came over because Heathrow, as you probably know, is only about ve milesaway.
– Yes,that’sright.
– Um,andtheairplanesarelandingeverytwominutes(Woman Uhum)orsomethinglikethat.Andthisairplanecameovermakinga terriblenoiseandIhadtostopspeaking.Andwhenthesoundofthe airplanehaddiedawayoneofthetouristssaidtome,shesaid:“Why didtheQueenbuildhercastlesoclosetotheairport?”
– (laughs)Ohno!Imeanwhatdidyousaytothatsortofcom­ment?
– Idon’tknow.Ijust,Ijusthadtotryandnotlaughandkeepa straightface,itwasverydifcult.
– Ohno!
– AndersometimesIhadtoexplaintothemaboutwhatwasin­sideintheStateApartments.
– Oh,they’rebeautiful,aren’tthey?
– Theyare,theyarelovely.
– Gorgeous,yes.
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– Withallthetapestriesandpaintings.
– Andjewelsaswell.
– Andfurniture.Thejewelsarelovelyaswell,althoughthere’s moreattheTowerofLondonthan.
– Yesofcourse.
– Than, thanatWindsor.But I would haveto explain to them, andthenthey’dgeteverythingmixedup.
– Icanimagine.
– Sothey’dthinkthattheportraitofQueenElizabethwasQueen Maryand,andthey’dthinkthatthisroomwasthat roomander,I’d have,I’dhavetodomoreexplainingwhentheygotout.Anothertime whentheycameoutitwaspouringwithrain-
– Asusual!
– Yes,asusual,youknow,andersomebodycameuptomeand said‘Whyhaveyoumadeitrain?’
– Idon’tbelieveit.
– Iknow,it’sincredible,isn’tit?AndIsaid“There’smanythings IcandobutthatIcan’tdo.”
– Stoppingitrainisnotoneofthem.
– No.That’sright.Youcan’thaveaprivatetelephonelinetoGod.
– Goodjob,though.
– Yes.Yes.Veryenjoyable.You’realwaysonthemove,always indifferentplaces,goingroundbeautifulhistoricplaces.
– Andmeetinginterestingpeople.
– Yes.
Summarize the most distinctive features of conversing as a pho-
netic style. Reproduce the “conversational links”. Revise the phrases used as conversational links. Act out conversations using one of the situations below.
Situations for practising the technique of ‘encouraging conver-
sation’.
1. An international students’magazine is running a series of ar-
ticlescalled ‘ChangingPlaces’inwhich people describe the person
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theywouldmostliketobe,orthejobtheywouldliketohave.Role­playaconversationwithyourpartnertellinghim/herabouttheideas youhave.
2. Describethebookforafriendwhoyouthinkmightenjoyread-
ingit.
3. Describeandexplainyourrstimpressionsofthebookwhen you began reading. Say whether your attitude changed as you read further.
4. AnEnglishfriendofyoursisdoingaprojectonyourcountry aspartofhiscourseintourismstudies.Heasksyoutodescribeacity orregioninyourcountry,andsuggestwhatitwouldhavetoofferfor a) teenagers on a budget holiday,and b) retired people on a luxury holiday.
5. YourecentlystayedwithEnglishfriends whomadeyouvery welcomeandtookyouto various placesofinterest.Tellyourfriend abouttheholiday.
6. Astudentmagazineisrunningaseriesofarticlesentitled‘Start­ingaNewHobbyorSport’.Theeditorhasaskedyoutocontributean articletothisseries.Beforewritinganarticledescribeyourpartnerthe pleasuresandpossibleproblemsofyourchosenhobbyorsport.Men­tionanyequipmentthatisneededandwhatcostsareinvolved.
7. You’vejustmovedintoanewat.Itcouldbeverynicebutthe decorationisinaterriblestateatthemoment.Tellyourfriendabout theat.
8. Describesomeofthewaysinwhichyoungpeopleinyourtown spendtheirleisuretime.

The UK today.
being a vegeTarian
Moreandmorepeople—especiallyyoungpeople—–are
decidingtocutmeatoutoftheirdietsforavarietyofreasons.Some
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peopleareconcernedabouttheirhealthanddiet.Othersfeelamoral responsibilitytoanimals. I asked threepeople, one a completeveg­etarian,oneanon-meat-eater,andoneameateater,todiscusswithme thereasonsfortheirdifferingdiets.
Dave, can you tell us what are the reasons you became a
vegetarian?
:Well,um,therearetwomainreasons.Oneishealthbecause
thewaysthatmostanimalsarerearedandtreatedonfarmsisveryun­healthy,um,notonlyforthemofcoursebutforus.
:Youmeanadditivesandsteroids? :Theadditives,yeah.YesIalsodisagreewiththewaythey`re
kept,sortofbatteryfarmingandthiskindofthing.That’sononeside. Ontheother side of it,Ithink that is actuallymorallywrong to eat anotherlivingthing.
:But wouldn`t you say that plants wereliving things as
well?Wheredoyoudrawtheline?
:Ah, well, okay, perhaps I shouldqualifythat by saying a
sentientlivingthing.
:Sentient… :Somethingthatcanthinkandfeel,becauseithasalifeand
ifthereisnoneedtoenditslifethenIdon`tthinkweshould.
:Doesthatincludealllivingthings, say insects, sh, mam-
mals,equallyoraresomeanimalsmoresentientthanothers?
:Well,no,Ithinkyou`vegottoincludeallsentientcreatures
whichformejustincludesallanimals.
:Whataboutyou,Jane?Youeatmeat,right?Doyouthinkit`s
wrongtokillananimalforitsmeat?
:InmyheadIknowit`swrongtokillananimaltoeatmeat
but,um,whenI`msittingdowninfrontofapieceofsteakIdon`tactu­allythinkaboutthattoomuchbecauseI`vebeenbroughtupallmylife eatingmeat.ImeanIdon`tgooutdesperatetoeatmeatthreetimesa daybutcertainlyIdon`tfeelsortofmoralpangswhenI`msittingin frontofaplateoffoodthat`sgotmeatonit.
:WellactuallyImust… I eat sh. Idon`teatmeatbutI
doeatsh.But,um,Idofeelhypocriticalaboutit.I`mnotsurethatI
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shouldeatsh,butsomehowIfeelthereisadifferencebetweensea creatureslikethat…ThereasonthatIeatshreallyisahealththing becauseofmylifestyleandmylaziness.Idon`thave…spendalotof timethinkingaboutdietandIknowthatifIdidn`teatshthenI`dget reallyrundown.
ButcanIjustask,doyouthinkit`s.David,doyouthinkit`swrong
toeatanimalswhichrunfreely?Youjustthinkit`smorallywrong?
:Ithinkit`smorallywrongtoeatanyanimal,because,well,
Idon`tthinkwehaveto.
:Imean,Ikindofthinklawofthejunglestatesthatyouknow,
plentyofotheranimalseateachothersowhyshouldnotwe?
:Ah,yeah,butthisisitImean,butumbecause,Imean,we
aretheonlycreaturessupposedlythatareabovethelawofthejungle. Imean,wehavemorals.Wecandecidewhatwewanttodoandwhat wedon`twanttodoandwhatisrightandwrong.Ananimalhastolive byitsnature.Idon`tthinkwedohavetolivebyournature.Imean, yeah,incertainrespects…
:Alotofpeoplearguethatitisournaturetoeatmeat,toeat
otheranimals,thatthatisournature.
:But we cancontrol our nature…There is no, there is no
pressinginstinctthatmakes youhavetoeatit.Imean, Icouldwalk pastaplate…
:OhcomeonDavid,comeonDavid. Don`ttellmeyouhaven`t…don`tyouevergetpangsformeat.
:Yeah,okay,Ido,but… :CauseIdo,Igetdreadful,dreadfulpangs. :Isuppose,yeah,youareright,youdohavepangsformeat
andyou,youknow,you`dreallylikeanicebaconsandwichorsome­thingbutthereisnokindofover-ridinginstinctthatmakesyouhave todothat.IthinkyoucansayIdon`twantto.
:IwouldbealittlebitconcernedIsupposeaboutmydietif
Ibecameavegetarianorespeciallyifhadperhapsanoldpersonora childtofeed.Um,Iwouldgetalittlebitconcernedmaybeaboutthe sortofbalance,thedietarybalance.Icanseethatonecanexistquite happilynoteatingmeat but existing is differentfromgettingallthe
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necessarybitsandpieces,andvitaminsthatyour body needs.AndI don`tthinkyouknow,justbottlesofpillstosupplementistheanswer. ButIcertainlydon`treallyknowenoughaboutsortofbalancingupa diet,avegetariandiet.
:IdothinkthatsinceI`vebeenavegetarianI`vegotrun
downmuchmoreeasilyandmoreoftenIthinkI`mmoretiredandless t,lesshealthyprobably.
:WhatdoyouthinkDave? :Idon`t,Imean,um,Idon`tknow.Ithinkthatthis,inaway
ismore of a psychological dependence on meat than anything else. YoujustthinkImusthavemeat.It`sakindofapartofour,it`sbeen apartofourculturetohavemeatontheplateforsolong…Imean,I knowplentyofpeoplewho`vebeenvegetariansnearlyalltheirlives andthey`reashealthyasanyone.

Over TO yOu


1. Initiator
2. Opponent
3. Opinionsupporter
4. Moderator
Initiatorshoulddemonstratethefollowingskills:
• startatalk
• attractattention
• bringforwardanargument
• expressopinion
• involveothersintoatalk
shoulddemonstratethefollowingskills:
• expresspolitedisagreement(Don’tbeaggressive!)
• bringforwardacounterargument
• expressopinion
• involveothersintoatalk
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shoulddemonstratethefollowingskills:
• expresspolitedisagreement(Don’tbeaggressive!)
• bringforwardacounterargument
• expressopinion
• drawattentiontothestrongestpointinAorB’sopinion
• involveothersintoatalk
shoulddemonstratethefollowingskills:
• evaluateopinions
• expressopinion
• dothesummingup
Note: During the course of the round-table-talk all the partici­pants should express interest in the subject of discussion, personal involvement and encourage others to participate.

Topic: Eating Out is Fun
A B
1.Eatingoutbreakstheroutineof dailylife.
2.Itgivesyouachancetodressup andlooksmart.
3.Itgivesyouachancetotrydiffer­entcuisine.
4.Eatingoutisasociableevent.You meetfriends,partners,etc.
5.Theatmosphereinmostrestau­rantsispleasant.
6.? 6.?
1.Eatingoutistime-consuming.
2.Lotsofpeoplepreferwearingca­sualclothes.
3.Someexoticcuisinemaydisagree withyourstomach.
4.Notallthepeopleyoumeetwhen eatingoutarepleasant.Youmay bumpintoenemiesaswell.
5.Mostrestaurantsareexpensive.
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