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Файл:English for Postgraduates. Практикум
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0.25%
a quarter of a percentage
point
For example: The Bank of England raised interest rates this
In British English you hear
a hundred and twenty three
In American English you
usually hear
a hundred twenty three
The number 1,999 is said
one thousand nine hundred
and ninety nine
The year 1999 is said
nineteen ninety nine
The year 2000 is said
the year two thousand
The year 2001 is said
two thousand and one
The year 2015 is said
two thousand and fifteen or
twenty fifteen
1,000,000
is a million or ten to the power six. 10
6
morning by a quarter of a percentage point.
Now say the following:
1. What’s 30% of 260?
2. They have put the rate up by another 0.5%.
3. 0.75% won’t make a lot of difference.
4.Hundreds, Thousands, and Millions
Note: It is likely that different people will refer to the early years
of the 21st century in different ways.
Remember that the year 1066 is always referred to as ten sixty
six - not one thousand and sixty six.
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1,000,000,000
is a billion or ten to the power nine. 109
This is now common usage. British English used to be that a
01273 736344
oh one two seven three, seven three six,
344
three four four can also be said as three
double four
44 26 77
double four, two six, double seven
777
can be said as seven double seven, or
seven seven seven
billion was ten to the power twelve (1012), but now everyone has
accepted the current American usage.
Now say the following:
1. Why do you say 175 in Britain? In the States we usually say
175.
2. It’s got 1001 different uses.
3. Profits will have doubled by the year 2000.
4. Thanks. You’re one in 1,000,000!
5. No, that’s 2,000,000,000 not 2,000,000!
5. Squares, Cubes, and Roots
102 is ten squared.
103 is ten cubed.
√6 is the square root of 6.
6. Telephone and Fax Numbers
We usually give telephone and fax numbers as individual
digits:
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7. Fractions
a third
a fifth
a sixth
a half
a quarter
three quarters
three and a half
two and three
quarters
Fractions are mostly like ordinal numbers (fifth, sixth, twenty
third etc):
Notice, however, the following:
Now read the following news item:
In an opinion poll published today, over ¾ of the
electorate say they intend to vote in next month’s referendum. ¼
of voters say they will definitely vote Yes, while ⅓will vote No.
But that leaves over ⅖ of the voters who haven’t made up their
minds. Both sides remain hopeful. A spokesman for the ‘Yes’
campaign said, “At the moment, ⅔ of the electorate won’t vote
No.” A spokeswoman for the other side replied, “That’s true, but
¾ won’t vote Yes!”
8. Calculating
Remember to pronounce the s in equals as /z/. It is singular;
the part on the left equals the part on the right.
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10 + 4 =14
ten plus four is fourteen
ten and four equals fourteen
10 – 4 = 6
ten minus four is six
ten take away four equals six
10 x 4 = 40
ten times four is (or equals) forty
ten multiplied by four is forty
10 ÷ 4 = 2½
ten divided by four is two and a half
+ = add
– = subtract
(or deduct)
x = multiply
÷ = divide
per
Fr/$
francs per dollar
6% p.a.
six per cent per annum
over
(x - у)/z
x minus y, over z
which is not the same as x, minus у
over z: x - y/z
a fifty-minute lesson
NOT a fifty-minutes lesson
Other ways of saying divide are:
9. Numbers as Adjectives
When a number is used before a noun - like an adjective
- it is always singular. We say:
Here are more examples:
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a sixteen-week semester
a thirty-five pound book
a fifteen-minute walk
a six-week waiting list
a twenty-pound reduction
a two and a half litre bottle
a six billion dollar loan
a two litre engine
1. They lent us £250,000.
They gave us a …………….
2. Our house is 200 years old.
We bought a………………..
3. We lost $50,000.
We made a………………….
4. The salmon weighed 15
pounds!
I caught a……………………
Say the following in a similar way:
10. Review
How many of the following can you say aloud in under 1
minute?
1. 234,567
2. 1,234,567,890
3. 1.234
4. 0.00234%
5. 3.14159
6. $19.50
7. £7.95
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8. 19,999
9. 1,999 years
10. In 1999
11. 1 think the phone number is 01227-764000.
12. Have you got a pen? Their fax number is: 00 33 567 32 49.
13. Please pay it into my account - number G4-744-440.
14. He was born in 1905 and died in 1987.
15. It’s a white Lamborghini Diabolo, registration number MI
234662, and it looks as if it’s doing 225 kilometres an hour!
16. 30 x 25 = 750
17. 30 <25 = 1.20
18. x2 + y3 = z
How To Render the Article
The plan of rendering newspaper article or text.
1. Introduce the article by telling its title, author and the source
where it was published.
The article I’m going to give a review of is taken from… —
Статья, которую я сейчас хочу проанализировать из…
The headline of the article is — Заголовок статьи…
OR the article is headlined…, / the headline of the article I’ve
read is…
The author of the article is… — Автор статьи…
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It is written by — Она написана …
The article under discussion is … — Статья, которую мне
сейчас хочется обсудить, ….
2. Introduce the key issue of the article.
The topic of the article is… — Тема статьи
The key issue of the article is… — Ключевым вопросом в
статье является
The article under discussion is devoted to the problem…
— Статью, которую мы обсуждаем, посвящена проблеме…
The author in the article touches upon the problem of… — В
статье автор затрагивает проблему….
The message of the article is that /The main idea of the article
is – Основная идея статьи (послание автора)
I’d like to mention briefly that… – Хотелось бы кратко
отметить…
I’d like to comment on the problem of… — Я бы
хотел прокомментировать проблему…
The article under discussion may be divided into several
logically connected parts which are… — Статья может быть
разделена на несколько логически взаимосвязанных частей,
таких как…
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3. Give a summary of the article (7-10 sentences) marking the
logical parts of it.
Beginning
The author starts by telling the reader that – Автор начинает,
рассказывая читателю, что
The author starts by telling the reader about... – Автор начинает
с рассказа о …
At the beginning of the article the author …– В начале статьи
автор
…describes — описывает
…depicts — изображает
…touches upon — затрагивает
…explains — объясняет
…introduces — знакомит
…mentions — упоминает
…recalls -вспоминает
…makes a few critical remarks on — делает несколько
критических замечаний о
The article begins (opens) with a (the)… История начинается
с….
…description of — описанием
…statement — заявлением
…introduction of — представлением
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…the mention of — упоминанием
…the analysis of a summary of — кратким анализом
…the characterization of — характеристикой
…(author’s) opinion of — мнением автора
The author starts with the statement of the problem and then
logically passes over to its possible solutions. — Автор
начинает с постановки задачи, а затем логически переходит
к ее возможным решениям.
Continuation
Further the author reports that... – Далее автор пишет, что …
Then the author touches upon … deals with … concerns ….
The author proceeds with …
The author continues by …
… describing – описание
… highlighting – привлекает внимание
… pointing out – указание на
… mentioning – упоминание
… marking – отмечает
The author goes on to say that… – Далее автор говорит, что…
The author outlines… – Автор описывает
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The article contains the following facts…./ describes in
details… – Статья содержит следующие факты …. /
подробно описывает
The author asserts that… – Автор утверждает, что …
The author resorts to … to underline… – Автор прибегает к …,
чтобы подчеркнуть …
Let me give an example… – Позвольте мне привести
пример …
Conclusion
In conclusion the author …В заключении автор…
…dwells on — останавливается на
…points out — указывает на то
…generalizes — обобщает
…reveals – показывает
…exposes – показывает
…accuses/blames – обвиняет
…gives a summary of – дает обзор
In conclusion the author says / makes it clear that…/ gives a
warning that… – В заключение автор говорит / проясняет,
что … / дает предупреждение, что …
At the end of the article the author sums it all up by saying … –
В конце рассказа автор подводит итог всего этого, говоря …
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