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Файл:A guide to effective communication in English. Учебное пособие по практике устной и письменной речи английского языка
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Mary was full of enthusiasm. But she had to face to unexpected difficulties. It
turned out the studying languages required a lot of effort. The problem was that
Mary hadn't no concept of working discipline. She couldn't plan her working
shedule herself. Moreover she just had no idea what to begin from. She was
linguistically iliterate. To crown it all teachers suspected her to be dyslexic
(unable to memorize new words). The young lady felt disappointing and was
ready to give on her dream.
Fortunately one of the neighbours, Galina Sergeevna, the white-haired elderly
lady with the kind eyes happened to have worked at the university. Before she
retired she trained students in the English and German. The lady was an
experienced teacher and she could to persuade the girl to «roll on her sleeves»
and get down ar serious work as soon as possible. No pains no gains! Conscience
is the mother of success! — were Galina Sergeevna's favourite sayings.
Galina Sergeevna suggested the girl her help. She did it so cordially that Mary
couldn't help accepted the offer.
The wise tutor trained her pupil in various linguistic activities: reading
aloudly, writing dictations, learning poems by heart, doing word to word and
literary translations of texts.
Mary thoroughly followed all the tutors instructions. The girl realized that
Galina Sergeevna's advices and methods of teaching really did her a lot of evil. It
was Galina Sergeevna who influenced to the girl's choice of her future profession
— to become an enterpreter.
No wonder, Maria passed her entrance exam at English brilliantly and became
a student. She was expelled! Mary has been looking forward to this event for a
long time. Of course, so had Galina Sergeevna, Mary's wonderful tutor. Maria is
so grateful to her!
7. Read the text paying special attention to its theme and message.
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A MODERN STUDENT IN THE ANCIENT UNIVERSITY
Like all British universities, Oxford is a state university not a private one.
Students are selected on the basis of their results in the national examination or
the special Oxford entrance examination. There are many applicants, and nobody
can get a place by paying. Successful candidates are admitted to a specified
college of the university: that will be their home for the next three years, and for
longer if they are admitted to study for a postgraduate degree. They will be
mostly taught by tutors from their own college.
Teaching is pleasantly informal and personal; an undergraduate (apart from those
in the natural sciences who spend all day in the laboratories) will spend an hour a
week with his or her "tutor"; perhaps in the company of one other student. Each
of them will have written an essay for the tutor, which serves as the basis for
discussion, arguments, the exposition of ideals and academic methods. At the
end of the hour students go away with a new essay title and a list of books that
might be helpful in preparing for the essay.
Other kinds of teaching such as lectures mud seminars are normally optional:
popular lecturers can attract audience from several faculties, while others may
find themselves speaking to two or three loyal students or maybe to no-one at all.
So, in theory, if you're good at reading, thinking and writing quickly, you can
spend five days out of seven being idle: sleeping, taking part in sport in students
clubs, in acting and singing, in arguing, drinking, having parties. In practice,
most students at Oxford are enthusiastic about academic life, and many of the
more conscientious ones work for days on each essay, sometimes sitting up
through the night with a wet towel round their heads.
At the end of three years, all students face a dreadful ordeal: "Finals". The
victims are obliged to dress up for the occasion in black and white, and old-
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fashioned ritual that may help to calm the nerves. They crowd into huge, bleak
examination building and sit for three hours writing what they hope is beautiful
prose on half-remembered or strangely forgotten subjects. In the afternoon they
assemble for another three hours of writing. After three or five days of this
torture they emerge, blinking into sunlight and stagger off the biggest party of
them all.
Postgraduates (often just called graduates) are mostly busy with research for
their thesis, and they spend days in their college libraries or in the four-hundredyear-old Bodleian Library which is one of England's great national libraries.
(Абросимова Л.С., Андриенко А.А., Андриенко Е.А., Погребная И.Ф.,
Пушкина Н.А., Степанова Е.Н., Сухомлинова М.А., Шрамко Л.П. A
Focus on Communication Skills (Part 2). – Ростов-на-Дону, 2011. – с. 41-42)
1) Write questions using the words in italics.
2) What is the subject (the theme) of the story?
3) What is the message of the story?
4) Compare the described way of getting the higher education with that you are
experiencing at the moment. What aspects of Oxford education do you
like/dislike? Explain your opinion.
Speaking
Make up dialogues using topical vocabulary.
- A young man has a gift for languages and he is naturally inclined to become an
interpreter. His mother supports the child’s intention but the father is against it.
He wants the boy to become a lawyer. The parents are having an argument.
- Two ex-fellow-students are speaking about the first steps in their careers. One
of them has become an interpreter and the second - a translator.
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- Two middle-aged well-to-do men are speaking about the future of their
children. One of them is sure that the best beginning of a successful career is
getting a diploma of prestigious American or British universities. The second
person believes that Russian higher education is much better. The two men refer
to some data they have found on the Internet.
Translation skills
1.Я рад, что мой сын рано почувствовал свое призвание к иностранным
языкам. 2. Он создан для того, чтобы стать политиком. Он очень
целеустремленный и амбициозный. 3. Саймон осуществляет очень важное
исследование современных тенденций в сфере международной политики. 4.
Я не всегда могу перевести научные термины с английского на русский,
поэтому я читаю много научной литературы, чтобы обогатить мой
лексикон. 5. Я заметил, что, если переводить некоторые английские
выражения дословно, результат может быть весьма забавным. 6. – Сегодня
я впервые буду переводить речь иностранцев. Я очень нервничаю. Боюсь, я
не смогу передать суть их речи. – Я тебя прекрасно понимаю. Спонтанно
переводить беглую иностранную речь – настоящий вызов. Ты будешь
принимать участие в каких-то важных деловых переговорах? – Не совсем.
Я буду помогать участникам бизнес-форума общаться в неформальной
обстановке. – Полагаю, в этом случае нет необходимости переводить фразы
дословно. Достаточно передать только общий смысл реплик и их
эмоциональную окраску. Я уверен, ты справишься! Удачи! 7. Сергей
работает переводчиком около 10 лет. Он имеет дело с художественными
текстами. Он говорит, что его работа требует терпения и усидчивости. 8.
Пол всегда говорит, что первой ступенью в его блестящей юридической
карьере было получение места в престижном Оксфордском университете,
известном своими традициями и великолепным качеством академического
высшего образования. 9. Мне нравится манера, в которой мистер Симпсон
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читает свои лекции по экономике. Он никогда не подглядывает в
«шпаргалки». Он – прирожденный оратор. Его лекции всегда
содержательны и богаты примерами. К тому же, этот лектор не прочь
отпустить остроумную шутку. Это привлекает студентов и не дает им
скучать на его лекциях. 10. Под руководством тьютора наша группа
подготовила проект. Мы собрали информацию о писателяхпостмодернистах и выявили стилистические особенности их речи. Теперь,
мы планируем сделать доклад на студенческой научной конференции.
Writing
Write a composition “English and I” trying to stick to the following scheme:
1. The introduction.
2. The main body. Cover the following points: ○ What or who caused/forced
your decision to become a professional language expert? ○ How long
have you been studying English? How did you prepare yourself to feel
comfortable as a student of a linguistic faculty? ○ What linguistic
activities do you like best of all? Why? What linguistic drills do you do
rather unwillingly? Why? ○ What phenomena of the English language do
you find unusual and strange from the point of view of a Russian? ○ Do
you know any songs in English? ○ What literary works in English did you
read? Do you know any famous English (American) writers? ○ Do you
know any other foreign languages? If you do – how does it help you to
study English? ○ What linguistic subject is your favourite one at the
university? Why? ○ What is the most important thing for a person who
wants to succeed in mastering English? Add something else to show your
personal relationship with the English language.
3. The conclusion.
Listening
Before listening answer the questions:
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1) Do you know anything about the way Russian children were taught in the
19-th century?
2) Do you know anything about Victorian Age in England and its peculiar
features?
Listen to the text “A Challenging Experiment”
● What kind of conversation is it?
● Who are the participants?
Describe the experiment summarizing the facts in the table:
The place The number of
children
The age of
children
The age (years)
which is imitated
1) Insert the right word
a) The children … the clothes because they found them …
b) Most of all the children hated … because it was … and …
c) In class … spoke.
d) The children were prohibited to use … and …
e) As for punishments anyone who … had to …
2) Say in which contexts the following words from the dialogue are used: to
recreate, to compare, bright, positive, to appreciate.
3) Express your opinion about this experiment and its results.
ASSESSMENT TEST (60)
1. Give synonyms: first year student, to do a subject, to be aware, to get a place,
to be admitted, to understand, to fail in an exam, to pass an exam, to read for an
exam, a teachers’ pet (10).
2. Give antonyms: orally, to finish, to miss classes, to be late, correct (ly), to be
strong in, satisfactory, to be good at, to write neatly, optional (10).
3. Match the word and the definition (12):
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a) curriculum, b) quiz, c) hostel, d) vocation, e) to render, f) amateur, g)
illiterate, h) to crib, i) undergraduate, j) applicant, k) tuition, l) tutor.
1. someone who has formally asked for a university place; 2. someone who, as
people think, is not very skilled at smth; 3. to copy school or college work
dishonestly from someone else; 4. the subjects that are taught by a school or
college; 5. knowing very little, uneducated; 6. a teacher in a British university or
college; 7. teaching, especially in small groups; 8. a place where people can stay
and eat fairly cheaply; 9. a student at college or university who is working for
their first degree; 10. to translate; 11. the feeling that the purpose of your life is
to do a particular type of work; 12. a short test that a teacher gives to a class.
4. Insert prepositions (16):
To have a calling … ; to lag … the group; to slave … books; a lecture …
Philosophy; to be through … the translation; to specialize … smth; to learn …
your mistakes; to graduate … ; to make progress … smth; to get down … work;
to drop … … the college; to have dictionaries … our disposal; to ask questions
… the text; to translate … English … Russian.
5.Spot the errors (12).
1). He has been slaving for books all night long but all the rules have slipped of
his mind. 2). He attended all the classes, as a result he expelled of the university.
3) He doesn’t care of his exams. I’m afraid he’ll have to reread some of them. 4).
The outside examiner said I should mind to my pronunciation. 5). The lecture
seemed to be a professional. He was quite at home at his subject. 6). I always
enjoy summer vocation. 7) Phonetic is a subject which is beyond me. That is
why I study it by fists and starts.
Additional tasks (Revision)
1. Read and translate the text
COLLEGE LIFE
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The merry-go-round of college life is something that one never forgets. It's a
fascinating, fantastic, fabulous experience, irrespective of the fact whether one is
a full-time or a part-time student.
Who can forget the first day at the university when one turns from an applicant
who has passed entrance exams into a first-year student? I did it! entered, I got
in to the university! A solemn ceremony in front of the university building,
and serious people making speeches. Hey, lad, do you happen to know who they
are? Who? The rector, vice-rectors, deans, sub deans… and what about those
ladies? Heads of departments and senior lecturers? Okay. Some of them must
be professors, some - associate or assistant professors, but, of course, all of
them have high academic degrees. And where are our lecturers and tutors?
Oh, how nice…
The monitors hand out student membership cards, student record books and
library cards – one feels like a real person. First celebrations and then days of
hard work. So many classes, so many new subjects to put on the timetable!
The curriculum seems to be developed especially for geniuses. Lectures,
seminars and tutorials. Home preparations; a real avalanche of home works.
If one can not cope with the work load of college he or she immediately starts
lagging behind. It is easier to keep pace with the programme than to catch up
with it later. Everyone tries hard to be, or at least to look, diligent. First tests
and examination sessions. The first successes and first failures:"I have
passed!" or "He has not given me a pass!" Tears and smiles. And a long-
awaited vacation.
The merry-go-round runs faster. Assignments, written reproductions,
compositions, synopses, papers. Translation checked up and marked.
"Professor, I have never played truant, I had a good excuse for missing
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classes". Works handed in and handed out. Reading up for exams. "No,
professor, I have never cheated - no cribs. I just crammed".
Junior students become senior. Still all of them are one family -
undergraduates. Students' parties in the students' club. Meeting people and
parting with people. You know, Nora is going to be expelled and Dora is going
to graduate with honours. Yearly essays, graduation dissertations, finals...
What? A teacher's certificate? You mean. I've got a degree in English? I am
happy! It is over! It is over... Is it over? Oh, no...
A postgraduate course, a thesis, an oral, and a degree in Philology. The first
of September. Where are the students of the faculty of foreign languages? Is it
the English department? Oh, how nice...
Would you compare college life with a merry-go-round or with something
else?
What do you think of the first months at the university?
(Merkulova Y.M. English for University Students, St. Petersburg, 2002)
2. Answer the following questions.
1. You are a student, aren't you? 2. What faculty do you study at? 3. What
foreign languages do you study? 4. What year student are you? 5. How many
lectures do you have weekly? On what subjects are they? 6. Do you attend them
regularly? Do you always take notes? 7. What is your favourite subject? Are you
strong in it? What subject are you weak in? 8. Are you good at languages? 9.
How many exams will you have in summer? In what subjects? 10. Have, you
ever failed at an exam? In what subject did you fail? Do you work regularly or
by fits and starts? 12. Are there any students' scientific societies at the faculty?
Are you a member of any? What research work have you already done? 13. Do
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you take part in social life of the faculty? 14. Are there any sports societies and
theatrical groups at the faculty? Have you ever taken part in an amateur
performance?
3. Translate quickly.
1.Он поступил в университет. 2. Он провалился на экзамене. 3. Он сдал два
экзамена. 4. Мне пришлось сдавать много экзаменов. 5. Он силен в
математике. 6. Она создана для этой профессии. 7. Его исключили из
университета. 8. Он первокурсник. 9. Она специализируется в немецком.
10. Он легко схватывает новые знания. 11. Он отстал от группы. 12. Ему
надо догнать группу. 13. Я буду пересдавать все экзамены. 14. Она
постоянно что-то зубрит. 15. Переведите это слово с английского на
немецкий. 16. Сделайте это упражнение письменно. 17. Он имеет дело с
устным переводом. 18. К сожалению, он не работает систематически. 19.
Она усердно трудится над произношением. 20. Она получила отличную
отметку.
A Story for Home Reading
MARTIN EDEN
[Martin Eden, a strong man and talented worker, belongs to a workingclass family. He meets Ruth Morse, a girl from a rich bourgeois family, and falls
in love with her. He decides to become her equal in knowledge and culture. He
must make a career for himself and become famous. He begins to read and
study and Ruth helps him.]
A week of heavy reading had passed since the evening he first met Ruth
Morse, and still he did not dare to go and see her. He was afraid of making
mistakes in speech and manners.
Martin tried to read books that required years of preparatory work. One
day he read a book on philosophy, and the next day a book on art. He read
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