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Файл:A guide to effective communication in English. Учебное пособие по практике устной и письменной речи английского языка
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day. Moreover, if we get up late in the morning, then we feel lethargic and this
sluggish nature will be reflected in all most every work that we do throughout
the day.
It is true that most of us are forced to work late in the night by their busy
schedules and by globalization. However, we have to make the necessary
adjustments in our schedules and make sure that we sleep early in the night and
get up as early as possible in the morning. After all, more than a job, health is
important for everyone. Jobs and work are neither meaningful nor valuable when
we are not healthy.
By Matthew M. McEwan
(https://yandex.ru/search/?lr=39&clid=2204972&win=208&msid=1464
893236.21452.22903.30423&text=www.english-
test.net%2Fforum%2Fftopic75404.html
http://www.testbig.com/ielts-essays/some-people-prefer-get-early-
morning-and-start-day-swork-others-prefer-get-later-day
http://www.english-test.net/forum/ftopic61059.html)
Answer the questions:
- What had been people’s evening activities before electricity came to their
life?
- How did the advent of electricity influence people’s habits?
- What are the other reasons for people to sit up late?
- In what way can keeping late hours affect people’s health?
- If we have to be night-birds because of our busy schedule – what
adjustments can we make to preserve our health?
41
Tasks
3. Fill in the table.
My Activities During a (Week)Day
Before 8
o’clock
In class
(at the
University)
Between the
dinner and
the supper
time
Between the
supper time
and going to
bed
Additional remarks
4. Answer the questions:
1) Do you get to the university on foot or by some kind of transport? How
long does it take you to get to the university?
2) How much time do you usually spend on doing your home assignment?
3) How do you manage to relax during week days?
4) Do you attend any sport clubs or dancing studios?
5) How much time a day does it take you to do your domestic chores?
5. Make a story (orally or in written form): “My Ideal Weekend”.
6. What is the difference between a usual day and a ‘long” day? Write a story
“My (my friend’s) Long Day”.
7. Do you know persons who have to work in (on) shift? What professions imply
working on shift? Is it convenient (for men, for women)?
Speaking
Make up dialogues using topical vocabulary.
- Young spouses are trying to adjust to each other. One of them must rise with a
lark and another can afford sleeping till noon. Arguments are unavoidable.
42
- Two married women having children discuss their time management. One of
them works five days a week as people usually do, the second lady works on
shifts.
- Two students discuss advantages and disadvantages of studying in the morning
and in the afternoon.
Translation # 1
1.Обычно я просыпаюсь рано, но не встаю сразу, я жду, пока зазвонит
будильник. 2. Я ложусь спать поздно, сразу засыпаю и сплю крепким сном.
3. Он привык вздремнуть после обеда. 4. По ночам он бодрствовал, потому
что именно ночью, когда тихо и все спали, он чувствовал необычайное
вдохновение. 5. По дороге домой я, как правило, забегаю к бабушке. Я
спрашиваю ее, нужно ли что-нибудь сделать по дому. Обычно она просит
полить цветы, сходить на рынок или покормить ее любимую кошку. 6.
Иногда после долгого и трудного рабочего дня я измотана, но ночью не
могу сомкнуть глаз и страдаю от бессонницы. 7. Говорят, надо вставать с
жаворонками, но это не про меня. Если я хорошенько не высплюсь, я
сонный и раздраженный, не могу сосредоточиться на делах. Дело в том, что
я сова, регулярно засиживаюсь допоздна, потому что для меня ночные часы
наиболее продуктивны. 8. Мы должны правильно распределять свое время.
Работа и отдых должны быть сбалансированы. 9. Саймон жалуется, что он
перетруждается в офисе, поэтому, когда он возвращается с работы, он
абсолютно ничего не делает по дому. Честно говоря, я думаю, что он
просто лодырь. 10. Сэнди работает по сменам в большом круглосуточном
супермаркете. С одной стороны, это нелегко, потому что время от времени
надо бодрствовать всю ночь. С другой стороны, это удобно, потому что
часто женщина дома в будничные дни, она может уделить внимание детям:
приготовить им что-то вкусное на обед, проверить их уроки, проводить их
в школу или в спортивные секции. Женщины, которые работают с
43
понедельника по пятницу, лишены такой возможности. Также Сэнди может
спокойно сделать домашние дела, пока ее муж на работе, а дети в школе, и
никто ей не мешает.
Listening
► Before listening answer the question: What do you (your mother, father,
brother, sister) usually do at weekends?
►Listen to the text “Saturday Night Thoughts”
Do the following tasks:
1) True, false or unclear?
● The man is inclined to do things spontaneously.
● The action takes place in winter.
● The man usually dedicates his weekends to doing domestic chores.
● The man lives in a detached house.
● The man is married.
● The man is fond of planting vegetables.
● The car is in a good condition.
● The man is going to mow grass.
● Ted is the man’s neighbour.
● The man is going to borrow Ted’s tools.
● The man is economical.
● Before going to bed the man puts on his pyjamas.
2) Fill in the table.
The object/ the place The action The time
The garden hedge
…
…
Ted’s garage
44
3)Use the following words and phrases in the correct contexts from the
text.
Ground, there is no point in, the labour, to be at a loose, in return.
Unit 2. TIME MANAGEMENT: HAVE YOU EVER THOUGHT OF IT?
Vocabulary development: time trouble, to be in control of one’s time, to
manage, to rush from task to task, to prioritize time/workload, to make to-do
lists, to make longer-range plans, urgent tasks, to distract (from) + Gerund,
distractions, to minimize distractions, to be overwhelmed by tasks, to meet a
deadline, stressful, to keep stress in check, perfectionism, to fall behind in work,
to abandon the plan, to accomplish goals, to maintain balance between work and
personal life, to procrastinate, to eliminate much of wasted time, to delegate,
delegatee, motivation.
Task 1. Translate words and expressions from “Vocabulary Development” and
arrange the words into groups: POSITIVE, NEGATIVE, NEUTRAL.
Task 2. Find the definitions of the following words in an explanatory dictionary:
time trouble, to manage/management, urgent, to procrastinate.
Reading and speaking
► Before reading the text try to answer the following questions: ● Have you
ever experienced being pressed for time to do the necessary things? Was that
situation stressful? How did you manage to cope with it? ● What do you think of
procrastination and laziness? Is it just the same? (If possible – try to find
psychologists’ opinion concerning these two notions).
► Read and translate the text.
Time Management Skills: Easy to Understand but Difficult to Obtain?
Time Management Strategies
Have you ever wondered how it is that some people seem to have enough
time to do everything that they want to, whereas others are always rushing from
task to task, and never seem to finish anything? Is it just that the former have less
45
to do? No, it’s much more likely that they are using their time more effectively
and practicing good time management skills.
The Key to Good Time Management:
Time Management Strategy №1: Feel the Difference Between Urgent and
Important.
“Urgent” tasks demand your immediate attention, but whether you actually
give them that attention may or may not matter.
“Important” tasks matter, and not doing them may have serious
consequences for you or others.
For example:
Answering the phone is urgent. If you don’t do it, the caller will ring off, and
you won’t know why they called. It may, however, be an automated voice telling
you that you may be eligible for compensation for having been mis-sold
insurance. That’s not important.
Going to the dentist regularly is important (or so we’re told). If you don’t,
you may get gum disease, or other problems. But it’s not urgent. If you leave it
too long, however, it may become urgent, because you may get toothache.
Picking your children up from school is both urgent and important. If you
are not there at the right time, they will be waiting in the playground or the
classroom, worrying about where you are.
Reading funny emails or checking Facebook is neither urgent nor
important. So why is it the first thing that you do each day?
This distinction between urgent and important is the key to prioritizing
your time and your workload, whether at work or at home.
Time Management Strategy №2: Keep Tidy!
46
For some of us, clutter can be both a real distraction and genuinely
depressing. Tidying up can improve both self-esteem and motivation. You will
also find it easier to stay on top of things if your workspace is tidy. If you have a
system where everything is stuck on the fridge or notice board pending action,
then take off anything that doesn’t need action and/or has been dealt with! That
way, you’ll be able to see at a glance what needs doing, and you'll be less likely
to miss anything.
Time Management Strategy №3: Stay Calm and Keep Things In
Perspective
Perhaps the most important thing to remember is to stay calm. Feeling
overwhelmed by too many tasks can be very stressful. Remember that the world
will probably not end if you fail to achieve your last task of the day, or leave it
until tomorrow, especially if you have prioritized sensibly. Going home instead
of staying in the office and finishing up things till you get dog tired, or getting an
early night, so that you are fit for tomorrow, may be a much better option than
meeting a self-imposed or external deadline that may not even matter that much.
Take a moment to pause and get your life and priorities into perspective, and you
may find that the view changes quite substantially!
http://sidsavara.com/personal-productivity/prioritization/nerdyproductivity-coveys-time-management-
http://www.businessballs.com/timemanagement.htm
http://en.paperblog.com/5-clear-steps-to-effective-time-management-61988/
http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/19088
http://www.planetofsuccess.com/effective-time-management/
http://www.skillsyouneed.com/ps/time-management.html
http://www.ualberta.ca/~jennyy/time_management_2003.pdf
47
(How to Effectively Manage Your Time.blog.iqmatrix.com/manage-your-
time)
Tasks
3. Do you agree with the examples of urgent, important and unimportant
deeds and activities given in the text (Strategy №1)? Fill in the table using your
personal experience.
A Student’s Day
Urgent Important Urgent and
Distractions
Important
At Home
At the
University
4. Study another set of recommendations which should be thought over by a
student or any other person at the very beginning of any working cycle (for
example – early in the academic year). Compare it with the previous one and
discuss it with your group-mates.
“A Cyclical Time Management System”
Usually the cyclical system begins with the process of goal setting to
establish a context for managing time. The next phase of the system involves
tracking time and developing an awareness for where you spend your time.
The third phase of the cycle is plan making, and this could include making to-do
lists, weekly plans, monthly plans and longer-range plans. The fourth phase of
the system is self-monitoring your action. Self monitoring involves paying
attention to how well you are working your plan, how accurately you have
planned, how well you have forecasted for various events and so on. The ideas
for self-monitoring come from important research on student academic selfregulation which emphasizes the importance of adaptation in student success.
48
The final phase of the cycle is time shifting and adjusting in which you make
corrections to the system before starting the cycle again at goal setting. Taken
together, these phases permit you to initialize a process of gradual, performancebased improvement in time management skill. Everybody wants the “quick fix”,
but the complexity of changes involved in really getting a grip on your time
management process will take some time to move through. Resist the urge to
cast aside strategies that don’t promise instant results; like it or not, change takes
time.
5. Expand on the following statements. Do you agree or disagree with them?
- Time management is not very difficult as a concept, but it’s surprisingly hard to
do in practice.
- Sometimes it is more productive to have a rest instead of exhausting yourself by
working.
- Better time management skills can a) improve your grades, b) help you keep
stress in check, and c) help you be competitive in the career you undertake
following your university education, d) give you enough flexibility to respond to
surprises or new opportunities.
- All time management skills are learnable.
- The psychological component of time management skills is the primary reason
why people overlook obstacles.
- Learning to set priorities wisely will help you to manage time effectively.
- Delegation skill is important for personal time management.
- Time management “systems” often fail because they are born of perfectionism
and unrealistic expectations.
6. Make up dialogues using topical vocabulary.
- A person suffering from difficulties with time management visits a
psychologist.
49
- A young married lady, a mother of a four-year-old son/daughter, is
overwhelmed by everyday challenges at home and at work. She shares her
problems with a more experienced person and gets clever recommendations.
Writing
1) Write a story “One Day of my Life or How I Prioritize Things”. You may
chose either serious or ironical tone a) sharing your personal experience b)
writing as if you were - a housewife; - a retired person; - a celebrity.
2) Write an argumentative essay on the topic “Procrastination is the thief of
time” (state the problem, causes and consequences, the way to improve
things, your personal experience).
Unit 3. DOMESTIC CHORES AND THEIR SHARING
Vocabulary development
Tasks
7. Describe the procedure of:
a) washing the linen;
b) washing the dishes;
c) making the bed;
d) ironing or pressing your clothes.
8. Give advice to suit the following statements:
a) Your friend dropped the iron on the floor and it had got fused.
b) Your friend finds vacuuming the most boring household chore.
c) Your friend can’t manage the household duties in a proper way.
d) Your friend is dead tired after the thorough clean up today.
e) Your friend says that the kitchen needs cleaning up.
f) The room is in a mess but you are expecting guests.
50
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