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Файл:A guide to effective communication in English. Учебное пособие по практике устной и письменной речи английского языка
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Text 2. What is British food?
What is your idea of British food? What food can be considered
traditionally British? Read the text for new information and get ready to do
the tasks after the text.
It is very hard to find a simple definition for ‘British’ food. Over the
centuries, the British Isles have been inhabited by an amazing variety of peoples
and cultures - Celts, Romans, Vikings, Saxons, and Angles. Immigration in the
1800s brought French, Russian, Italian, Polish and Jewish communities, and
since the end of WWII Britain has seen settlers from the West Indies, Pakistan,
China, the Middle East, Nigeria, Somalia, Turkey and Cyprus. Each of these
communities has brought its own food traditions which have shaped and
influenced the diets of the British nation. Today, curries, noodles, and bagels are
as much a part of our nation’s food habits as roast beef and Yorkshire pudding.
Up until the 1900s, most British people ate only locally sourced food.
However, there were expensive luxuries only enjoyed by the wealthy. The
majority of people ate what could be grown on the land or caught from the sea.
Britain is traditionally a beer-drinking and butter-eating nation. Dairy and
pork products and breads made from locally made grain have long been a feature
of many regions, as have money-saving ways of re-using leftovers (for example
shepherd's pie or rissoles) or preserving fresh produce (pickled onions or jellied
eel). Recipes for offal (animal innards), such as haggis, are also very British.
Almost all regions in Britain produce cheese.
The British have been in love with fish since the mid 1800s. So many
portions of fish and chips were eaten during WWII that some say it helped us to
win the war! Fish has been central to the Scottish diet and economy for centuries.
Scotland is famous for its Arbroath smokies (a kind of smoked haddock). In
Wales, the coast provides not only fish but also special seaweed that is used to
make laver bread.
What we eat, and how we eat it, is central to our sense of identity and
belonging. Food and its traditions affirm who we are - and who we are not.
However, curiosity, travel and migration have through centuries ensured that
traditions continuously change. Through centuries of exchange, British food has
become a culinary patchwork of cultural traditions and tastes. We bring food
home from the places we visit, and we bring our food to the places we go.
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You may think of the cuppa as traditionally British, but before the 20th
century only the milk was likely to have been produced in the UK. Tea leaves
can only be grown in hot climates, so the very British cup of tea tells a story of
Britain’s connections with the rest of the world – of trading, slavery and
colonialism.
The British attitude towards food from abroad has fundamentally changed
over the last fifty years. While holidays overseas introduced the British to new
foods and flavours, increasing numbers of restaurants selling ‘foreign’ foods
opened in UK cities. There is no doubt that over the last half a century the foods
of numerous communities have become part of the British culinary landscape.
(http://www.bl.uk/learning/resources/pdf/foodstories)
13. Check the transcription of the words:
Vikings, Nigeria, Somalia, Turkey, Cyprus; curry, noodles, bagels; Yorkshire
pudding;sourced food, luxuries, dairy produce, shepherd pie, rissoles, offal, laver
bread, culinary.
14. Give Russian equivalents:
To be inhabited, settlers, to shape, locally sourced food, re-used leftovers, jellied
eel, offal, smoked haddock, laver bread, a culinary patchwork.
15. Write the translation of the passage from “Up until…” till “the places
we go.”
16. Answer the questions:
1) What is the theme of the text?
2) Why is it difficult to give a simple definition of British food? Give
argumentation.
3) What was the traditional British cuisine like until the 1900s?
4) What made British culinary traditions change greatly especially in the 20th
century?
5) Do you agree that culinary traditions depend on what we are? Is it true
about Russian people?
17. Look through the paragraphs of the text for topic sentences expressing
the main idea.
18. Write the plan and retell the text according to it.
19. Russian traditional dishes:
Cross out the dishes you don’t consider traditional and add the missing
ones. In the right-hand column explain what these dishes are. Complete the
grids of dessert and drinks.
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1) Starters
Russian Egg Salad
Aubergine Caviar
Caviar Blini
Vinegret
Summer Borsht
?....
2) Main courses
Kasha
Boeuf Stroganoff
Shashlik
Baked Sturgeon
Russian Green Soup
Meat Dumplings
Chicken Kiev
Kulebyaka
?...
3) Desserts
…
…
…
4) Drinks
kvas
…
…
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Writing
Translate into English using the vocabulary of the unit:
1. Когда ты завтракаешь? Я завтракаю в 7.30 утра.
2.За завтраком я обычно съедаю бутерброд с колбасой или сыром и
выпиваю чашку крепкого кофе с молоком.
3. А мой брат всегда ест яичницу с ветчиной на завтрак.
4. Что ты ешь в обед на второе? – Это обычно плотный обед из трех блюд.
5. Какой десерт нравится твоей маме? – Она вообще не любит сладкое.
6. Я никогда не перекусываю между завтраком, обедом и ужином.
7. Вы хотели бы похудеть? Думаю, у мебя нет лишнего веса и мне не надо
садиться на диету.
8. Я терпеть не могу рыбу с жареной картошкой.
9. Мой друг постоянно ест чипсы или гамбургеры. Меня это раздражает.
10. Разве он не знает, что это вредная еда? Посоветуй ему перейти на
полезную еду.
11. — Что такое традиционный английский завтрак? — По-моему, это
стакан сока, кукурузные хлопья с молоком, яичница с ветчиной и чай.
12. Я люблю плотно поесть в обед — закуску, суп, второе, десерт и выпить
чашечку крепкого чая.
13. А я люблю всё мучное. Я знаю, что от пирожков, булочек, пирожных и
печенья ужасно полнеют, но ничего не могу с собой поделать.
14. Сейчас очень многие увлекаются вегетарианской пищей. Они едят
любые овощи — картошку, морковь, свёклу, цветную капусту, горох,
салат, но совсем не едят мяса.
15. Постарайтесь сократить употребление любого мяса- говядины, свинины, баранины. Лучше ешьте курицу, только без кожи. Это пойдет Вам на
пользу.
16. — Какое масло лучше использовать для жарки — сливочное или
растительное?
—Если хочешь, чтобы было сытнее, то сливочное, а если хочешь быть
здоровее, то растительное. Говорят, самое полезное масло — оливковое.
17. Какие блюда самые популярные в русской кухне? Блины, борщ,
котлеты, пироги, грибы, пельмени. А из напитков, пожалуй, чай, квас,
кисель, клюквенный морс.
18. Ну, ты и сладкоежка! Неужели ты не понимаешь, что нельзя есть
столько шоколада и конфет. Кстати, ты давно не была у зубного, не так ли?
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19. Дай мне дольку апельсина, кусок сахара, щепотку соли, кусочек хлеба и
плитку шоколада. Я буду готовить свое фирменное блюдо.
20. Помоги мне приготовить суп. - Что я должна делать? – Очисть пару
картофелин, лук и морковь. Затем натри их на терке, растопи жир на
сковороде и обжарь натертые овощи.
21. Некоторые девушки так зациклились на похудании, что заболевают.
Всё хорошо в меру.
Project. Make a slide presentation of your report on the topic “How
have the Russian food traditions been shaped?” (25 slides).
Unit III. Obesity problem, unhealthy food
Reading and speaking
Text 1. Some food to think….
Read the text and say what problems are posed in the text.
Do you think these problems are essential for the nation’s health? Why?
How much food do we eat?
- Scientists say that we eat about half-a-ton of food a year - not counting
drink.
- During the lifetime an average person will eat 25 cows, 40 sheep, 35 pigs,
1200 chickens, 5 tons of potatoes, 30.000 litres of milk, 13000 eggs, 50000
loaves of bread, hundreds of packets of coffee, sugar, spaghetti etc, 8 kg of dirt.
- According to World Health Organization Americans are the fattest people in
the world. 55% of women and 63% of men over 25 are overweight or obese.
- Doctors say that you are obese if you weigh at least 30% above your ideal
weight.
- Though America is the world leader in obesity, Europe is quickly catching
up. According to WHO, almost one-third of people living in the European Union
are now overweight and one in 10 is obese.
- Britain has replaced Germany as Europe’s most overweight nation. And the
English are fatter than Scots or Welsh.
- Europe’s slimmest nations are the French, Italians and Swedish.
- Teenagers, too, are getting fatter. Obesity in teens, according to surveys, is
doubling.
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- The favourite foods among teenagers in the USA and Europe are
hamburgers, chips (or French fries), hot dogs, pizzas, ice-cream. What will
today’s teenagers look like when they grow up? Imagine yourself as a lazy old
man or woman with eyes glued to the TV screen. A real nightmare. One teenager
wrote “No! Better die in a war, be kidnapped by terrorists or disappear as a hero
climber of the Himalayas.”
Why do we eat so much?
We live in the era of fast food culture. We are always in a hurry. We have no
time to relax and enjoy a meal. We want to eat now and want to eat fast.
Every day a new McDonald’s restaurant opens somewhere on our planet.
Another reason is lack of exercise. We spend too much time in front of our
computers and TV-sets. We walk less, because we prefer to use cars and public
transport. Even exercise crazy people after training in gyms rush to have a good
snack.
What is tasty is not healthy. Doctors say that chips and pizzas are fattening, coca
cola spoils our teeth, and coffee shortens our lives. Some scientists believe that
food influences not only our bodies but our spirits as well. Foods with lots of
additives, fat or sugar can make you violent and anti-social. Natural foods like
fresh fruit and vegetables which contain lots of vitamins and minerals сan make
you more intelligent, optimistic and energetic. Think twice before you start
eating!
More and more people nowadays become vegetarians. A diet free from meat has
all the vitamins, minerals and protein you need. A vegetarian diet is not only
healthier, but it is also kinder. You could live longer as a veggie. If you really
care about animals, stop eating them.
(http://www.liveinternet.ru/)
1. Answer the questions:
1) How much food do people eat every year?
2) What names of food are mentioned as eaten by an average person during
the lifetime?
3) What’s the name of an organization which has the statistics about the
number of obese people in the world?
4) Which word is stronger- overweight or obese?
5) Who dominates by the quantity of obese people – men or women?
6) How do doctors identify obese people?
7) What nation is the leader in obesity? In the world, in Europe?
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8) What nations are the slimmest?
9) When we talk about obesity we mean only grown-up people, don’t we?
10) What are the teenagers’ favourite foods? Your favourite?
11) Do you agree that the future of the younger generations is a
nightmare?
12) Why is the obesity problem so accute? (era of fast food, are in a
hurry, no time to enjoy our meal, eat now and fast, lack of exercise, walk
less, use our cars or public transport, spend too much time glued to the
screens of TV and computers)
13) Why should we be very careful before we start eating?
2. Write out English equivalents of the text and make up your own
sentences using them. Let your group-mates translate the sentences.
Тучная нация, полная нация, самая худая нация, полнеть, худеть,
проблема ожирения (избыточного веса), согласно Всемирной организации
здоровья, занимать первое место в мире по ожирению, догонять,
удваиваться, согласно опросам общественного мнения, статистике,
становиться взрослым, настоящий кошмар, недостаток физической
нагрузки, быть прикованным к экрану, пищевые добавки, витамины, белок,
вегетарианец, диета, исключающая мясо.
3. Give synonyms or antonyms:
Obese nation, to put on weight, optimististic, healthy food, overweight, to
shorten lives, to catch up, favourite foods, to increase, vegetarians, accute.
4. Practice your translation skills.
Ученые назвали страну, входящую в Евросоюз, в которой случаи
ожирения наиболее распространены. Самой толстой нацией оказались
британцы. А всего более половины населения Европейского Союза имеет
избыточный вес или страдает от ожирения.
Более четверти только взрослого населения Великобритании страдает
ожирением, второе место занимают ирландцы, отстав всего на пару
процентов. Далее следуют Мальта, Исландия и Люксембург. Лучше всего
дела с избыточным весом обстоят в Италии, а также в Нидерландах и
Франции. У Германии, которая среди европейских стран традиционно
считается любящей поесть, на самом деле весьма средние показатели.
27
Кроме того, исследование включало в себя и данные о том, где больше
пьют алкоголь. Вышло, что наиболее алкоголизированные страны – это
Франция и Испания, далее идет Великобритания и Германия. Чуть-чуть
отстает Греция.
5. Read the interviews with Alice from the USA and Pauline from France.
Match the number of questions with their answers, e.g. question 2 -
answer A, etc.
Questions:
1) What do you normally eat on a typical day?
2) Do you ever cook?
3) Is food pleasure for you?
4) Do you ever eat unhealthy food? How do you feel about it?
5) Are you trying to cut down on anything at the moment?
6) Are people’s diets getting better in your country?
Pauline:
A Yes, I cook every evening for my family. I often make soup or
traditional French dishes like a kind of beef and red wine stew, and
then we have cheese and salad. It may seem a lot but we don’t eat
big portions. What’s important for me is quality not quantity.
B Yes. I’m trying to eat less chocolate.
C I think people’s diets are getting worse and worse. It’s quite
strange because we have a lot of information now about how bad
fast food is for you. I’m afraid it’s a problem in a lot of European
countries.
D Not at home. I think most of the food I cook at home is healthy, but
occasionally when I eat out I have something unhealthy. But it
doesn’t worry me.
E Yes, definitely. For me good meals with the family make me
happy.
F I’m quite traditional and I have three main meals a day. For
breakfast, I like hot chocolate, and bread and butter with honey or
jam. For lunch, I often eat in a restaurant with my colleagues.
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Usually I have vegetables and meat or fish but I love pasta and rice
too. In the afternoon, I have fruit with biscuits or a piece of
chocolate. In the evening, I have a proper meal with my family.
Alice:
A I think people try to improve their diets, but they are doing it the
wrong way by following diets like the Atkins diet. Personally, I
don’t think it’s very healthy to cut out entire groups of foods like
carbohydrates.
B Not very often. I don’t have the time or talent to cook full meals. I
usually heat up a frozen meal or order a takeaway.
C Sometimes I get fast food for lunch. I have to admit that I love
French fries. I feel terrible afterwards, but I don’t do it very
often.
D I usually have a bowl of cereal or toast for breakfast. For lunch I
eat at a restaurant near my office. I prefer Japanese or Indian
food. I usually eat rice with fish and vegetables, soup or sushi. I
don’t eat meat, but I eat a lot of fish. In the evening, I just have
something light at home.
E I’m trying to cut down on the amount of fat I eat. I’m also
trying to eat more wholemeal bread.
F Not really. I enjoy certain kinds of food, but most meals are just
fuel to keep me going through the day.
(Food – fuel or pleasure at http://www.studfiles.ru/)
6. How would YOU answer these questions? Discuss it with your deskmate
using the highlighted expressions.
Text 2. Diets won’t solve the obesity problem.
Are the arguments given in the text convincing? Supply your answers with
the facts from the text.
Obesity continues to be one of the most serious problems today.
According to the WHO, over 300 million people around the world suffer from
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obesity, and over a billion are overweight. This includes more than 43 million
children under five.
A rapid growth of obesity is evident in the USA, China, India, South Africa,
Brazil, Australia, and Mexico. The latter is, incidentally, home to the fattest
person in the world, while statistics also show it to have the chubbiest children.
No official statistics are available on Russia. However, experts believe almost
half the population to be affected by excess weight.
Over 2.8 million people die of obesity each year. It also frequently leads to
diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, certain types of cancer, as well as skeletal and
muscular disorders. This is causing doctors to be strongly worried about the
epidemic of childhood obesity. The diets that promise slimness in a matter of
days frequently mislead us: the kilograms that were quick to go are just as quick
to come back.
The primary recommendation of dietitians is not limiting yourself in what
you eat, but correct and healthy nutrition. However, losing weight requires
careful supervision by an expert. Don’t go for ‘self-slimming’. Following
fashionable trends is what dietitians advise against most strongly. They also
recommend practicing sports and healthy lifestyle in general; practicing spiritual
self-improvement and thinking positively. No drinking alcohol or taking drugs,
no smoking. And parents are advised to pay more attention to their children’s
nutrition and physical activity levels.
(http://sputniknews.com)
7. Give English equivalents.
Проблема ожирения, здоровое питание, стройность, диетолог,
заниматься спортом, детское питание, сердечнососудистые
заболевания, быть подверженным, страдать от, официальная
статистика, приводить к, вводить в заблуждение, умирать от, худение,
не советовать, духовный, быть серьезно обеспокоенным о…, здоровый
образ жизни.
8. Translate the text into Russian trying to choose the most suitable Russian
equivalents (in writing). Discuss the possible translation versions and
choose the best one.
9. Find key sentences in each paragraph and make up a plan for retelling
the text. Choose the vocabulary most important for rendering the main
idea. Retell the text.
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