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Файл:A guide to effective communication in English. Учебное пособие по практике устной и письменной речи английского языка
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March – variable weather, it is called “March – Many Weathers”, the sun
is bright and warm; the air is cold and sharp. April – month of opening buds and
blossoms; April showers bring May flowers. May – a treacherous month,
beautiful days and sunshine, cold east winds and frosts.
June – the finest and healthiest month of the year, it is called “Leafy June”
or “The Month of Roses” because roses are in full bloom this month. July – the
hottest period in the year, thunderstorms. August – a hot dry month, the very
crown of summer; a strong hint of autumn, chilly air in the early morning and
evening. September – the calmest and loveliest month of the year; pears and
apples, plums and nuts are ripe then; heavy rains at the end. October – heavy
rains, stormy winds; in the middle of the month a spell of fine weather occurs; it
is called the “Little summer” or “Indian summer”. November – a month of
storms and windy days.
December – the days are the shortest, but the weather is usually not as cold
as in January and February (A.P. Jakobson. Weather and Climate. – Ленинград:
гос. уч-пед. изд-во мин-ва просвещения, 1962).
25. Describe the weather in your native place using the information below.
The climate of the Rostov region is temperate. As the region is very large
there are noticeable variations in the climate of its districts. In the north of the
region winter begins in the middle of November, in the South and West – at the
end of this month. Winter comes gradually. Sometimes you can’t understand if
winter has already come or it is still autumn. The most part of winter is snowless.
Such weather is dangerous for trees and other vegetation as the frost is stronger
and the wind blows sharper. The severest frosts are in January and at the
beginning of February. In the Northern part it is sometimes 25-35 degrees below
zero. But when the wind blows from the Black Sea, thaw appears on the ground
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and icicles sparkle on the trees and roofs. People do not like this weather either
because the pavements become very slippery.
Spring is the loveliest season in Rostov. It comes to our region at the
beginning of April. Snow and ice melt and there are many brooks in the streets.
At the end of April cherry-, apple- and other fruit trees start blooming. How
wonderful the parks and gardens are at that time! It seems that somebody has
poured milk on them. And how beautiful the flower-beds with tulips and
daffodils are! One can’t help admiring nature of the Don during this season.
Summer is not less wonderful! Though sometimes it can be boiling hot in
Rostov with the temperature +40 degrees. But it’s a pleasure to swim in the
numerous rivers and ponds of the Rostov region when the weather is hot and
sunny.
Late autumn is the worst season in the Rostov region. After the warm and
sunny days of September and October the continuous cold rains begin. In
October there is a short period of Indian summer which gives us an opportunity
to see blue sky with flying spider’s web and to say “Good-bye, dear summer!”
(Isaeva T.E. Happy Birthday to Rostov-on-Don. – Ростов-на-Дону: изд-во пед
ун-та, 1999).
26. Complete the following dialogues.
1. A. – Oh, goodness gracious! Now, do look up at the sky. I’ve never seen such
black clouds! Oh, we’ll get drenched! B. – ….
2. A. – A thunderstorm is certainly coming on! Do you think we’ll have time to
get our boat to the shore before the storm breaks out? B. – ….
3. A. – What does it look like outdoors? B. – ….
4. A. – The sun is trying to come out. Shall we go to the suburbs? B. – ….
5. A. – What’s the weather forecast for today, do you know? B. – ….
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6. A. – The first snowfall of the season! What a beautiful sight! I’m going out.
Are you? B. – ….
7. A. – Should like to go to Sochi, but I’m so afraid of the heat. How about you?
B. – ….
27. Discuss the weather in your native place with your friend from Great
Britain, who is also eager to share with you the information about English
weather.
Listening
Listen to the people talking about their holiday plans. Make notes and then
use your notes to talk about the weather in the places these people are going to,
about the clothes they are going to take with and about the things they are going
to do there.
Speaking
28. Two students are preparing for the summer exams together meanwhile they
are discussing the weather. They are from different parts of Russia: one of them
is from the North, the other one is from the South. Read their conversation, you
can enrich it with more details and imagine the further continuation of their
dialogue.
- Whew! The heat is just awful! I’m being roasted alive by this merciless sun.
There’s hardly a breath of air!
- Yes, hot weather has set in. In Russia we have such extremes in summer and
winter temperatures! From bitter colds in winter to unbearable heat in
summer!
- Suppose you will laugh at me, but I love the cold. I’ve lived all my life in
Siberia, and although the winters are severe, they are exhilarating.
- Is it really so cold there?
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- Not to me, of course. I’m used to it, and can bear the cold very well, whereas
I can’t stand the heat. Where I live it’s never very hot. You see, we are
exposed to the cold north wind, and are fenced off from the warm southerly
winds by mountain ranges and plateaus.
- We, on the southern shore of the Black Sea, have an exceptionally warm
climate, because there we are protected from the northern winds by
mountains. It’s like the Mediterranean climate, with a maximum of rainfall in
winter and a minimum in summer. That just suits me; I don’t mind the heat at
all. On the contrary, I enjoy it.
- Well, no wonder! The part of the Crimea where you live is within the
subtropics, isn’t it. We all like the climate we are accustomed to.
- Of course, I agree with you fully. But the scorching heat now here in Rostov
is too much even for me. Where I live, in the southern part of the Crimea, it is
simply wonderful. There are cool breezes from the sea.
- There is much moisture, isn’t there?
- Oh, yes, and because of that the soil is remarkably fertile. You should see the
luxuriant vegetation! You have never seen the like of it. You must come and
visit us.
29. Retell the jokes in indirect speech.
1) Mother: Get up, you lazy boy. The sun is up and you are still in bed.
Boy: Yes, but the sun goes to bed at six o’clock and I go to bed at nine.
2) Mrs. Brown: Why, Tommy, why do you have your umbrella open? It is not
raining.
Tommy: Well, you see, when it rains, Dad always takes the umbrella. I get it
only when we have fine weather.
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3) A traveller in Scotland was caught in the rain and wet to the skin he took shelter
in shepherd’s hut. “Your country is fine,” said the traveller to the shepherd,” but
there are often storms and it always rains.” “No, sir” said the shepherd,” the weather
in Scotland is not so bad; it does not always rain, it snows sometimes.”
Revision tasks
1. Insert prepositions.
to go … the streets, to splash mud … sb, to spread … London, to skate … the
ponds, to lie … the sun, to play … tennis, to see sth … the picture, a cloud … the
sky, … the beach, … the seaside, … the bank, … the shore, … such weather, …
such a day, the equator lies … the middle …, the wind blows … the north-east,
the wind increased … a gale, … the south-western part …, to the south-west … a
place, to stand with your back … the wind.
2. Insert words.
My first experience of real winter weather was when I went to Northern
Canada. I was used to that sort of snow that … in London, which quickly turns
into brown … with all people walking on it. In fact, most of the time I was in
London, it didn’t really snow properly, it was most … . Apart from that, British
winters meant a bit of white ... on my garden and occasionally having to drive
very carefully on … roads early in the morning. I had never experienced the …
and … that can paralyze a whole city in less than an hour and close roads
completely. However, when the earth finally … and the snow … away in spring,
everything comes to life again and looks more beautiful than ever.
3. Explain in English.
a heat wave, snowdrifts, slush, a thunderstorm, overcast, chilly, to sleet, to clear
up, to melt.
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4. Give synonyms.
autumn, a blizzard, a clap of thunder, a gentle wind, a gust of wind, a light wind,
a cutting wind, a lot of, a piercing wind, a puddle, a shower, a spell of, a storm, a
tramp, beastly weather, calm, chilly, clear weather, close (adj.), cloudless,
cloudy, damp, dirty, dry climate, dull, dusk, faraway, fair weather, flimsy
clothes, foggy, fortunately, hard frost, hardly, harvest, heavy rain, hurricane,
light rain, marvelous, mild (climate), muddy, nasty, on the shore, oppressive
(heat), passersby, precisely, rain /n./, a raincoat, to remain, seldom, set-fair
weather, slippery, slush, a storm /n. /, a strong wind, such, sunlight, temperate, to
bathe, to be beyond sb, to be in bloom, to be overtaken by a thunderstorm, to
begin, to be in the seventh heaven, to clear up (sky), to commence, to crawl, to
drift across the sky, to fall, to float (clouds), to forecast, to get cold, to get wet
through, to glitter, to go down (t), to go in (the sun), to keep fine, to keep on, to
lie in the sun, to look like, to make a storm in a tea-cup, to melt, to pick, to
plague, to rain hard, to rain, to shine, to sledge, to sparkle, to toboggan, to
tremble, tremendous, unbearable, variable, a weather forecast, wet weather, what
a fine day!, windy, woods, yield.
5. Give antonyms.
a breeze, a sunny day, above, arid climate, at sunset, beastly weather, close air,
cloudless, cold rain, cold, dawn, dull weather, flimsy clothes, foggy, a gentle
wind, heat, heavy rain, high temperature, in the sunshine, occasional, overcast,
rainy weather, settled, sowing, still weather, sunny, sunset, to become worse, to
begin, to crawl along, to drizzle, to fall (about temperature), to freeze, to go
down, to go in (the sun), to keep on, to lift (wind), to melt, to pour, to reap,
harvest, to set, to spring up (wind), twilight, wet weather, windy.
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Translation skills
1. Translate the following sentences into English.
A. Я люблю осень, даже самую позднюю. Я люблю не морозные, почти с
утра до вечера ветреные дни; я люблю серые, теплые, тихие, дождливые
дни. Мне противна резкость сухого воздуха, а мягкая влажность, даже
сырость атмосферы мне приятна. От дождя, даже проливного, можно
всегда защититься. Осень, поздняя осень. Серое небо, низкие, тяжелые,
влажные облака; голы становятся сады и леса. Старые деревья давно
облетели. Земля устлана сухими разноцветными листьями, мягкими и
пухлыми в сырую погоду. Река приняла особенный вид и стала гораздо
шире, потому что вода видна сквозь голые сучья наклонившихся деревьев.
В реках и озерах вода посветлела и стала прозрачна как стекло. Вот такуюто осень люблю я не только как охотник, но как страстный любитель
природы во всех ее разнообразных изменениях.
Б. 1. Целый день нам пришлось сидеть в тени. 2. Мы страшно потели. 3. По
дорогам невозможно было ехать. 4. Самым популярным видом транспорта
стали лодки. 5. Аэропорт пришлось закрыть, так как снег лежал в метр
глубиной. 6. Зимой на Рождество мы смогли даже посидеть в саду. 7. Земля
стала твердой как камень. 8. Газету вырвало их моих рук и сдуло шляпу. 9.
Даже не мог видеть руки перед собой.
B. 1. Если Вас застигла гроза, никогда не ищите укрытия под высоким
деревом, стоящим в одиночестве.
2. Шаровая молния, огненно красного цвета, нанесла удар по нашему дому,
оборвала телефонный провод и обожгла оконную раму, затем исчезла.
3. Даже самые продвинутые системы прогнозирования погоды не могут
предвидеть надвигающихся снежных бурь и ужасных ураганов.
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4. В прошлом году случилось много стихийных бедствий: наводнения,
ливни, ураганы, засухи и землетрясения.
5. Бабье лето – очень красивая пора: теплые лучи осеннего солнца, пряный
воздух, наполненный ароматом опавшей листвы, тонкие паутинки,
летающие повсюду, и птицы, поющие свои последние песни, перед тем как
отправиться на юг.
6. В засушливых областях тропического климатического пояса стоит
невыносимая жара и часто дует суховей.
7. Пасмурное небо предвещало ненастье.
8. Начались сильные заморозки. Обледенели дороги, по обочинам лежали
сугробы, а обмороженные носы и конечности заставляли людей торопиться
домой. Градусник показывал температуру ниже нуля по Цельсию.
9. - Интересно, какой сегодня ветер?
- Похоже, что северный. Боюсь, что будет буран.
- Не думаю. Смотри, солнце выходит из-за облаков, и ветер разгоняет тучи.
- Ты оптимист. Наоборот, ветер усиливается. Я ужасно продрогла.
- Правда, ты дрожишь. Повернись спиной к ветру. Идем быстрее. Мы
немного согреемся.
10. Ночью случилась гроза, – недаром так припекало днем, и низко летали
ласточки…
11. Я встаю на рассвете и совершаю прогулку загородом. С восходом
солнца купаюсь в озере.
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Projects
1. Climate geography.
There are 6 climate zones on the Earth. There are five zones in each of the two
Earth hemispheres – northern and southern, and one equatorial zone in the
middle. So, they are – two Polar Zones or Frigid zones (Arctic and Antarctic),
two Subpolar Zones (Subarctic and Subantarctic), two Temperate Zones, two
Subtropical Zones, two Tropical Zones and one Equatorial Zone.
Choose one of the climate zones and prepare a presentation which will
demonstrate major weather and climate parametres of this territorial zone.
Describe the geographical position and enumerate all the countries which belong
to this climate zone.
2. A wind of change.
Describe different types of winds. In classifying the winds take into
consideration such factors as their strength, speed, direction from which they are
blowing, climate zones they occur, etc. Examples: hurricane, typhoon, storm,
monsoon, calm, trade wind, sandstorm, snowstorm, whirlpool, spout, tornado,
different local winds, and others.
Self-check test
1. Read the text, decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space and
insert it in spaces.
Miserable holiday
Unfortunately, when we went on holiday last month we had the worst
weather you could possibly imagine. The night we arrived there was a really
(1)………fog and the pilot had to wait until it had cleared before he could land
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the plane. On the ground, it was absolutely (2)…………The temperature
couldn’t possibly have been higher than two or three degrees.
For the first three days there was (3)………rain and the first hail
(4).............. for twenty years! To make matters worse there were these terrible
(5) ……….of wind and we heard that there had actually been (6) ……….in
the mountains that had caused quite a lot of damage. People said it
had been one of the (7)………….winters anyone could remember.
Suddenly on the fourth day of our holiday the rain changed to (8)
.……..and then there were (9)………..spells with the occasional (10).............. It
wasn’t what you’d call beach weather but at least it wasn’t (11)………..with
rain. The last two days were quite (12)…..…..though there was still a cool
(13)…………..on the coast and it was really rather (14 ) ………… in the
evening.
The morning we left, believe it or not, the temperature went up to twenty
eight degrees and in the coach on the way to the airport we were all absolutely
(15)……….!
A strong B hard C thick D firm
A boiling B freezing C frozen D cold
A heavy B thick C huge D strong
A storm B torment C shower D burst
A gusts B breezes C showers D currents
A breezes B winds C gales D drafts
A heaviest B hardest C strongest D thickest
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