Разговорный английский для инженеров. Тренинг навыков устной речи. Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку-1

3)know – knee – kick – knock – knight

4)colleague – league – dialogue – tongue – catalogue

IV. Find synonyms among the words below, then choose 5 words and make up sentences with these words:

Due to, because of, ultimate, construction, requirements, a dealer, to divide, final, specifications, building, a vendor, to separate.

V. Read the text.

CONSTRUCTION AS A PROCESS

Construction is the realization phase of the civil engineering process, following conception and design. It is the role of the constructor to turn the ideas of the planner and the detailed plans of the designer into physical reality. The owner is the ultimate consumer of the product and is often the general public for civil engineering projects. The constructor also has an ethical obligation to the general public to perform the work so that the final product will serve its function economically and safely.

The construction industry is typically divided into specialty areas, with each area requiring different skills, resources, and knowledge to participate effectively in it. The area classifications typically used are residential (singleand multifamily housing), building (all buildings other than housing), heavy/highway (dams, bridges, ports, sewagetreatment plants, highways), utility (sanitary and storm drainage, water lines, electrical and telephone lines, pumping stations), and industrial (refineries, mills, power plants, chemical plants, heavy manufacturing facilities). Civil engineers can be greatly involved in all of these areas of

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construction. Due to the differences in each of these market areas, most engineers specialize in only one or two of the areas during their careers.

Construction projects are complex and time-consuming undertakings that require the interaction and cooperation of many different persons to accomplish. All projects must be completed in accordance with specific project plans and specifications, along with other contract restrictions that may be imposed on the production operations. Essentially, all civil engineering construction projects are unique. Regardless of the similarity to other projects, there are always distinguishing elements of each project that make it unique, such as the type of soil, the exposure to weather, the human resources assigned to the project, the social and political climate, and so on. In manufacturing, raw resources are brought to a factory with a fairly controlled environment; in construction, the “factory” is set up on site, and production is fulfilled in an uncertain environment.

There are several participants in the construction process, all with important roles in developing a successful project. The owner, either private or public, is the party that initiates the demand for the project and ultimately pays for its completion. The primary role of the owner is to effectively communicate the scope of work desired to the other parties. The designer is responsible for developing adequate working drawings and specifications, in accordance with current design practices and codes, to communicate the product desired by the owner upon completion of the project. The prime contractor is responsible for managing the resources needed to carry out the construction process in a manner that ensures the project will be conducted safely, within budget, and on schedule, and that it meets or exceeds the quality requirements of the plans and specifications. Subcontractors

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are specialty contractors who contract with the prime contractor to conduct a specific portion of the project within the overall project schedule. Suppliers are the vendors who contract to supply required materials for the project within the project specifications and schedule. The success of any project depends on the coordination of the efforts of all parties involved, hopefully to the financial advantage of all.

VI. Give the answers to the following questions according to the text:

1)What is construction?

2)What areas is the construction industry normally divided into?

3)Why do most engineers specialize in only one or two of the areas during their careers?

4)Do construction projects require the cooperation of different persons to accomplish?

5)What must all projects be completed in accordance with?

6)What are the distinguishing elements of each project that make it unique?

7)Who are the key participants of the construction process?

VII. Read and change the sentences according to the model:

Model: The role of a constructor is to turn the ideas of the designer into physical reality. – If I were a constructor, I would turn the ideas of the designer into physical reality.

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1. The role of an owner is to communicate the scope of work desired to the other participants of the project. 2. The role of a prime contractor is to manage the resources needed to carry out the construction process. 3. The role of a subcontractor is to conduct a specific portion of the project within the overall project schedule. 4. The role of a supplier is to supply required materials for the project within the project specifications and schedule 5. The role of an architect is to plan, design and oversee the construction of buildings. 6. The role of a civil engineer is to design construction projects and ensure the project’s goals. 7. The role of a construction inspector is to visit construction sites and inspect the work being performed.

Module 9. SURVEYING

I. Answer the questions using your own ideas:

1)What do you know about surveying?

2)How are engineering and surveying connected?

3)What data can you get when you survey?

4)What equipment is needed to carry out a survey?

5)Is the profession of a surveyor/geodesist in demand today?

6)What knowledge should a surveyor have to carry out a survey?

7)Is it possible to construct a structure without surveying?

8)In which way has the Global Positioning System (GPS) changed our lives?

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9)Do you plan to work as a surveyor in the future? Why/Why not?

10)How will job requirements for surveyors change in the future?

II. Give a short talk about surveying. Choose one variant A or B and use the plan:

Variant A

Describe a person who participates in surveying. You should say:

What the name of his/her occupation is;

What he/she is responsible for;

What qualification is needed to do this job

and say whether you would like do such a kind of work, and why.

Variant B

Describe any area of surveying. You should say:

What it is;

What projects are carried out in this area;

What current state of this area of surveying (problems, inventions, innovations)

and say whether you would like to work in this area of surveying, and why.

III. Train your pronunciation. Read the tongue twisters as fast as possible:

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1)Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, a peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked.

2)She sells seashells by the seashore.

3)Nine nice night nurses nursing nicely.

4)A big black bug bit a big black bear.

IV. Find synonyms among the words below, then choose 5 words and make up sentences with these words:

Dimension, sputnik, to consider, research, measurement, plane, satellite, a size, an observation, horizontal, an amount, to examine.

V. Read the text.

SURVEYING ENGINEERING

Engineering surveying is defined as those activities involved in the planning and execution of surveys for the location, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of civil and other engineered projects. Such activities include the preparation of survey and related mapping specifications; execution of photogrammetric and field surveys for the collection of required data.

Modern surveying engineering includes several specialty areas, each of which requires substantial knowledge and training in order to attain proper expertise. The most primary area is plane surveying because it is so widely applied in engineering and surveying practice. In plane surveying, one considers the fundamentals of measuring distance, angle, direction, and elevation. These measured quantities are then used to determine position, slope, area, and volume — the

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basic parameters of civil engineering design and construction. Plane surveying is applied in civil engineering projects of limited areal extent, where the effects of the earth’s curvature are negligible relative to the positional accuracy required for the project. Geodesy, or higher surveying, is an extensive discipline dealing with mathematical and physical aspects of modeling the size and shape of the earth, and its gravity field. Since the launch of earth-orbiting satellites, geodesy has become a truly threedimensional science. Terrestrial and space geodetic measurement techniques, and particularly the relatively new technique of satellite surveying using the Global Positioning System (GPS), are applied in geodetic surveying. GPS surveying has not only revolutionized the art of navigation but has also brought about an efficient positioning technique for a variety of users, prominent among them the engineering community.

All other components of surveying engineering contribute to the construction of a geographic information system (GIS). The range of survey methods, from classical to modern geodesic and space-based technologies, provide the required reference framework. Digital mapping provides an efficient technology to populate the GIS with spatial information.

VI. Give the answers to the following questions according to the text:

1)How is engineering surveying defined?

2)What specialty areas does modern surveying engineering include?

3)Why is plane surveying the most primary area?

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4)What are the basic parameters of civil engineering design and construction?

5)What quantities should be measured to determine the basic parameters of civil engineering design?

6)What terrestrial and space geodetic measurement techniques are applied in geodetic surveying.

7)What is a geographic information system (GIS)?

VII. Match the beginning of the sentences (A) with their ending (B):

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Module 10. CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTATION

I. Answer the questions using your own ideas:

1)What construction documentation do you know?

2)What points should be described in drawings?

3)What points should be mentioned in specifications?

4)What points should be mentioned in the bills of quantities?

5)Who prepares construction documents?

6)The more information provided in specifications, the better the chance of work getting done correctly. Do you agree? Why/Why not?

7)What documents are needed in the initial stage of construction?

8)What documents are needed in the final stage of construction?

9)How do you think is it possible to make changes in the construction documents during the construction process? What points can be changed?

10)What construction documentation have you already made?

II. Give a short talk about construction documentation. Choose one variant A or B and use the plan:

Variant A

Describe a construction document you have already made. You should say:

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What sort of document it is;

How you organize this document, if there are some standards for its structure;

What information you need to create this construction document

and say whether you find it difficult or not to create such a sort of documentation, and why.

Variant B

Describe any stage of the construction process. You should say:

What stage it is;

What documents are needed to carry out this stage effectively;

What changes can be made in the construction documentation on this stage of construction

and say at what extant the successful completion of this construction stage depends on the documentation, and why.

III. Train your pronunciation. Read the tongue twisters as fast as possible:

1)I saw a kitten eating chicken in the kitchen.

2)If a dog chews shoes, whose shoes does he choose?

3)I thought I thought of thinking of thanking you.

4)I wish to wash my Irish wristwatch.

IV. Match the English words with their Russian equivalents, then choose 5 words and make up sentences with these words:

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