Разговорный английский для инженеров. Тренинг навыков устной речи. Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку-1

V. Read the text.

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

Transportation systems are a fundamental part of logistics and planning whenever vehicles are used to move people or items from one location to another. They allow people to get to work on time using the local bus or train service, and they allow airlines to tell their customers when they can expect an airplane to arrive at its destination.

Basic Definition

At its most basic, the term “transportation system” is used to refer to the equipment and logistics of transporting passengers and goods. It covers movement by all forms of transport, from cars and buses to boats, aircraft and even space travel. Transportation systems are employed in troop

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movement logistics and planning, as well as in running the local school bus service.

Function

The purpose of a transportation system is to coordinate the movement of people, goods and vehicles in order to utilize routes most efficiently. When implemented, transportation systems seek to reduce transport costs and improve delivery times through effective timetabling and route management. Periodic re-evaluations and the development of alternative routes allow for timely changes to the transportation system in order to maintain efficiency.

Features

A standard transportation system will usually feature multiple timetables designed to inform the user of where each vehicle in the fleet is expected to be at any given point in time. These timetables are developed alongside an array of route plans designed to coordinate vehicle movements in a way that prevents bottlenecks in any one location.

Benefits

The main benefit of implementing a transportation system is delivery of goods and personnel to their destinations in a timely manner. This in turn increases the efficiency of vehicle use, as the same vehicle can be used for “multi-drop” jobs, such as bus services or home delivery networks, far more effectively when their routes are planned in advance rather than being generated immediately.

Size

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Transportation systems are developed in a wide variety of sizes. Local transport networks spanning the bus network for a city and its suburbs are common, as are country-wide delivery networks for haulage firms. Airlines use international transportation systems to coordinate their flights. The larger the distance being covered, the more effective the use of vehicles when a transportation system is used.

VI. Say if the statements are True or False according to the text:

1)Transportation systems allow people to get to work on time.

2)A transportation system carries only people.

3)Transportation systems increases transport costs.

4)Timetables are part of a standard transportation system.

5)A transportation system coordinates the movement of people, goods and vehicles.

6)A transportation system decreases the efficiency of vehicle use.

7)The distance does not influence on the efficiency of a vehicle use.

VII. Fill in the gaps with the words in the box:

a) Transportation b) car-free c) access d) urban e) heavily f) impact g) population

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The majority of people live in cities and (1) _______areas. In fact, 80 per cent of the world’s future (2) _________ of 9 billion is expected to live in urban areas by 2050. (3)

_______has already caused most large cities to be (4)

_______congested and polluted. Some authorities set ambitious goals for city centres to become virtually (5)

________, like Oslo and Madrid. But that is not really possible because even the capitals of Norway and Spain still have quite a way to go.

Wherever people live, the accessibility and ease of going from A to B has a significant (6) ______ on people’s quality of life. The UN Sustainable Development Goals have highlighted the need for sustainable public transport in target

11.2: “By 2030, provide (7) ______to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all.”

Module 7. ENVITONMENTAL SAFETY ON

TRANSPORT

I. Answer the questions using your own ideas:

1)What are the most dangerous environmental disasters? Are they caused by a man?

2)Do you support banning of plastic bags? Why/Why not?

3)What are pros and cons electric cars?

4)What renewable sources of energy do you know? Which of them are widely used in this country?

5)What are the main sources of environmental pollution?

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6)What things do you recycle?

7)Does this country face the problem of endangered species? What are they?

8)How can we get rid of garbage?

9)Do you think it is the responsibility of governments alone to protect the environment?

10)How do big transport companies reduce the negative impact on nature?

II. Give a short talk about environmental safety. Choose one variant A or B and use the plan:

Variant A

Describe an environmental problem which is present on transport. You should say:

What has caused this problem;

What effect it has on the nature;

What solutions can be proposed

and explain why this environmental problem attracted your attention.

Variant B

Talk about any renewable source of energy. You should say:

What it is and what natural energy it uses (wind, sun, water, biomass and so on);

How it works;

How it reduces environmental pollution

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and say whether you think people will still be using it in the future or not, and why.

III. Train your pronunciation. Find the word with an odd sound:

1)agriculture – architecture – temperature – mature – feature

2)sure – measure – pleasure – treasure – leisure

3)discount – sour – pour – output – account

4)technology – scheme – Chemistry – chance – mechanics

IV. Match the English words with their Russian equivalents, then choose 5 words and make up sentences with these words:

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V. Read the text.

ECO-FRIENDLY TECHNOLOGY

Eco-friendly technology can be characterized as clean tech, green tech and environmental tech. Traditionally, eco-friendly technology preserves the environment through energy efficiency and decrease of harmful waste.

Eco-Friendly Innovations

Green technology is still in the development, but a lot of innovations have already been made in renewable energy, water purification and waste management, as well as in electronics and vehicles. It can be as small as a hand-held gadget or as expansive as a new method of filtering greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere.

Types of eco-friendly energy sources

There are many eco-friendly recourses of energy. Due to the development of technology, we can use them effectively.

Solar power energy

The source of solar power energy is sun. It is free of cost and it doesn’t pollute the environment. Sun provides the life to living creatures. Now solar energy is being considered as an alternative energy resource.

Geothermal energy

Earth is a great source of heat energy. It is the energy which is extracted from the heat stored by the earth. It is very reliable, sustainable and eco-friendly energy source. This energy is being used from ancient times.

Wind power energy

It is generated by wind or moving air. This energy can be generated when air is moving fast. That is a reason it is not reliable at all the places. It is good for hill areas, sea side and coastal areas where wind is very fast.

Water power energy

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Water is also a very good source of energy. Where the water flows fast, energy can be generated and used to produce electricity. Various dams and reservoirs are being used as a source of electricity generation.

Tidal power energy

Earth is mainly covered by the sea; approximately ¾ area of earth is covered by water. In a sea we can get three types of energy: energy of waves, energy of tides and energy of sea current. But it is not easy to convert sea power to electric power. It needs a lot of investment and advanced technology.

Thus, eco-friendly technology has a big impact on the tech industry, especially when implemented by companies with a large influence on consumers. The implementation of eco-friendly ideas leads to reduction of harmful impact on nature and the creation a healthy environment for human beings.

VI. Say if the statements are True or False according to the text:

1)Eco-friendly technology ruins the environment.

2)A great number of innovations have already been made in renewable energy.

3)There are few eco-friendly recourses of energy.

4)Solar power energy is free of cost.

5)Heat energy has been used in the last few decades.

6)Wind energy is not stable at all the places.

7)To convert sea power to electric power needs a lot of investment and advanced technology.

VII. Read and change the sentences according to the model:

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Model: Transport affects natural environment. – Natural environment is affected by transport.

1. Transport contributes greatly to global warming. 2. Transport affects atmospheric and noise pollution. 3. These environmental aspects cover the full life-cycle of transport. 4. The tunnel connects two countries. 5. Development of infrastructure increases environmental costs of transport. 6. Transport consumes over a quarter of Europe’s CO2 emissions. 7. This plant recycles old vehicles.

Module 8. CIVIL ENGINEERING

I. Answer the questions using your own ideas:

1)What do you know about civil engineering?

2)What are civil engineers responsible for?

3)What problems do civil engineers solve?

4)Is the profession of a civil engineer in demand today?

5)What knowledge should a civil engineer have to design and construct reliable structures?

6)What are the main aspects of any design?

7)What building materials do you know? What are their properties?

8)Have you ever worked on a construction site?

9)Do you plan to work as a civil engineer in the future? Why/Why not?

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10) How will job requirements for civil engineers change in the future?

II. Give a short talk about civil engineering. Choose one variant A or B and use the plan:

Variant A

Describe a person who participates in the construction process. You should say:

What the name of his/her occupation is;

What he/she is responsible for;

What qualification is needed to do this job

and say whether you would like do such a kind of work, and why.

Variant B

Describe any area of civil engineering. You should say:

What it is;

What projects are carried out in this area;

What current state of this area of civil engineering is (problems, inventions, innovations)

and say whether you would like to work in this area of civil engineering, and why.

III. Train your pronunciation. Find the word with an odd sound:

1)tough – enough – though – laugh – rough

2)ought – bought – thought – would – taught

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