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Файл:Практика речи travelling. Modal Verbs. Учебное пособие
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VOCABULARY EXERCISES
was quiet and we were surprised to see how many guests were actually
staying --it was so quiet. We found it excellent value for money and will
defi nitely stay here again.
I wasn’t expecting a luxury hotel, but at £100 a night (not even
including breakfast), I had expected a shower that worked (it didn’t, it was
stuck on boiling hot), a comfortable proper double bed (it was two single
beds shoved together). The room was uncomfortably hot, the window
could only be opened a few inches. The fl oor was uneven with a wardrobe
which was in danger of toppling over... It was in a good location however,
only a few minutes from the railway station and the Minster, in a pleasant
quiet street. If the owners were less greedy with their pricing, they would
probably get reasonable reviews, but as it is, we felt exploited and the hotel
left a bad taste in the mouth. If you book this hotel, be prepared to be
disappointed.
The welcome was very friendly indeed and the room itself was a
good size, very comfortable and very clean. The breakfast is an excellent
hot and cold buffet with plenty of choices and the staff and service at
breakfast time is very quick, friendly and courteous. The evening meals
are somewhat limited and the restaurant is not always busy, which is
probably no surprise with such a wide choice of restaurants and bars in
the city to choose from.
The whole experience was a delight and nothing was too much
trouble for the staff who were friendly without being over familiar and yet
professional without pretension, a credit to whoever trains them!
Ex. 33. Which of the reviews are positive and which are negative?
Find the words and phrases that helped you decide.
Ex. 34. Find in the reviews the English equivalents of the following:
еще хуже, номер нуждался в модернизации, но худшее нас ожидало впереди, будьте готовы к разочарованию, отель произвел на меня
сильное впечатление, шведский стол с большим выбором блюд, нас
встретили очень приветливо, отель оставил
нехороший осадок, все
наше пребывание в отеле было восхитительным, занавески знавали
лучшие времена, завтрак был довольно скудный, очень грязный, хорошее соотношение цены и качества, мы отказались от этой комнаты,
отель прекрасно расположен, просторный
Ex. 35. Write a review of a hotel you have stayed in.
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Modals
The Use of Modals to Express Supposition
Ex. 36. Put the lines of the dialogue in the correct order and comment
on the use of modal verbs to express supposition.
• Oh he could be waiting on a different platform.
• Well, anyway, where’s Jack, I wonder?
• No, he can’t have overslept. He’s an early bird. He may be stuck in a
traffic jam.
• He might even be waiting at a different station! He’s so absentminded!
• He must’ve overslept. After all, our farewell dinner lasted well into
the night.
Ex. 37. Fill in ‘must be’ or ‘must’ve been’.
1. We watched a spectacular Santorini sunset! – Oh, that … … romantic!
2. I am often used as a scapegoat at the offi ce. – You … …really fed with it.
3. I spent a week in Scotland, which was great. – Wow! That … …
interesting, I’ve always wanted to go there.
4. Let’s go to the pub. You … … thirsty after such a long walk.
5. I grew up in a small village. – Oh, it … … a shock when you fi rst
moved to the city, then.
6. I spend most of the day stuck in front of a computer screen. – You
… … quite bored.
7. We were swimming near the shore when suddenly we saw this shark
about 20 meters from us. – That … … scary! What did you do?
Ex. 38. Write sentences to explain each situation. Use the words in
brackets to make your sentences.
Example: I can’t fi nd George anywhere. I wonder where he is.
a) (he might / go shopping) He might have gone shopping.
b) (he could / play / tennis) He could be playing tennis.
1. Look! Sue’s going out. I wonder where she’s going.
a) (she may/go/to the theatre) .........................................................
b) (she could / go / to a party) ..........................................................
2. Why didn’t Tom answer the doorbell? I’m sure he was in the house
at the time.
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MODALS
a) (he may / go / to bed early) ..........................................................
b) (he might not / hear / the bell) .....................................................
c) (he could / be / in the bath) .........................................................
3. How do you think the fi re started?
a) (someone may / drop / a cigarette) ..............................................
b) (it could / be / an electrical fault) .................................................
4. I wonder where John was going when you saw him.
a) (he might / go / to work) ..............................................................
b) (he may / go / shopping) .............................................................
5. George didn’t come to the party. I wonder why not.
a) (he might / have / to go somewhere else) .....................................
b) (he may not / know / about it) .....................................................
Ex. 39. Paraphrase the sentences using modal verbs of supposition.
1. I’m sure he’s waiting for us at the gangplank.
2. I doubt that he’s booked a suite. He isn’t rich enough.
3. It’s likely that the ticket collector will come to inspect the tickets.
4. He defi nitely didn’t fall overboard.
5. Perhaps she is sunbathing on deck.
6. I don’t know where he is, but I guess he has gone to the left-luggage
offi ce.
7. It’s possible that he is a home-stay type.
8. Maybe he didn’t hear the announcement.
9. I’m certain he is going through passport control now.
10. There is no doubt he didn’t try to smuggle anything.
Ex. 40. Give an explanation for the situations given below using modal
verbs.
1. The children are hiding under the table.
2. There’s fl our on Grandma’s nose.
3. Olive’s not a tidy person, but today her house is spotlessly clean.
4. Jack fell asleep during the Biology lesson.
5. Tom and I agreed to meet at the station at 8 am. It’s already 8.20,
and he isn’t here.
6. I can’t fi nd my cat anywhere though she was locked in the fl at.
7. There is a small owl outside my bedroom window in the center of
Moscow.
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ПРАКТИКА РЕЧИ: TRAVELLING. MODAL VERBS
Ex. 41. Translate into English. Pay attention to the use of modal verbs
expressing supposition.
1. Эта девушка, должно быть, прибыла на скором поезде.
2. Возможно, он все еще ждет носильщика.
3. Неужели он купил билеты в кассе?
4. Не может быть, чтобы он все еще сидел в зале ожидания. Он
должно быть уже сел в поезд.
5. Может быть, в этом поезде нет багажного вагона.
6. Он
наверняка выглядел забавно со всем своим багажом.
7. Возможно, он не знал, что я не люблю путешествовать на верх-
ней полке.
8. Наверняка она меня заметила! У нее хорошее зрение.
9. Неужели она проспала? Не сердись, возможно, она просто пло-
хо себя чувствует.
10. Не может быть, чтобы в этом поезде был вагон-ресторан. Это
пригородный поезд.
The Use of Modals to Express Ability, Requests and Permission
Ex. 42. Use «can,» «could,» «may,» «might,» «to be able,» «to be
allowed»:
1.Steve ... speak English, French and Italian. You... ask him to help with
the translation. 2.If we take a taxi, we ... catch the last train. 3.It was so
dark that we ... hardly see anything in front of us. 4. Mr. Smith ... be in
his offi ce now. You... call him. 5.... I ask you a question? — Of course, you
.... 6.... you call him? — No, he is out. 7. Who... it be? — It... be anybody.
8.Is there anything I... do for you? 9.Jane ... not be at home now, she said
she ... go shopping. 10.If you try hard, you... pass your exam. 11.I ... not
believe you ... cope with this diffi cult task. 12. Do you know if Ann likes
this perfume? — I’m not sure, she ... . 13.Take your umbrella with you, it...
rain today. 14.She ... not be telling the truth. I don’t believe a single word.
15.... we take pictures in the museum? — No, you... not. 16.Will you speak
louder, please. I ... not hear you. 17.... I use your telephone, Mr. Brown? —
You certainly .... 18.I ... hear the traffi c on the road and ... not fall asleep
for a long time. 19.In Britain you not... drive a car until you are seventeen.
20.If your car was broken, you ... borrow mine. 21.If you prepare for the
exam, you... to take it in September.
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MODALS
Ex. 43. Choose one of the situations and act out the conversation.
Use modal verbs and expressions to ask for permission, give or refuse
permission.
1. Your TV has just broken down, but you can’t do without your
favourite soap opera. You’ve heard that one of your neighbours can
repair such things. You want to ask him to have a look at your TV.
It’s 7 pm.
2. Your friend has just bought a new DVD with a new horror fi lm.
You’ve heard a lot about this fi lm. You adore fi lms of this sort and
want to go to your friend’s place to watch it at once.
3. You live in the university hall of residence. You’ve just been given
a hamster as a present. It’s so nice! You want to ask the dean
permission to keep it in your room. As far as you know, pets are not
allowed, but you hope to persuade the dean to give you permission.
4. You have to go to the airport early in the morning. You can’t get
there by public transport, so you want to ask your sister / brother to
give you a lift.
5. You’ve got a little brother, you are alone with him at home. Suddenly
your boss calls you and tells you that you are needed at work as
soon as possible. You can’t leave your little brother alone, so you ask
your next door neighbour whom you know very well to look after
him. Unfortunately, she can’t. There is a nice little lady who lives
upstairs, you don’t know her well, but having no choice, you decide
to ask her to help you.
6. You are travelling by train. There is one other passenger in the
compartment. He/she is smoking. You want to ask him/her to stop
smoking, because you can’t stand tobacco smoke (besides, smoking
is not allowed on the train). Also, your fellow passenger has got a
few magazines, and you’ve got absolutely nothing to read. Ask for
a magazine.
45
ПРАКТИКА РЕЧИ: TRAVELLING. MODAL VERBS
Ex. 44. Look at the information from National Express coach company
and complete it with the expressions from the box.
may not can are requested must are not allowed
NATIONAL EXPRESS COACHES
Customer Information
• all National Express coaches include a toilet and washroom
• you _______________ to arrive at the departure point at least 10 minutes
before the scheduled departure time
• animals (except Assistance Dogs) ____________ on the coach
• for the comfort of all passengers smoking is not permitted and alcohol
and hot food _______________ be consumed on the coach.
Children
• children aged 3 -15 travel half fare. Children aged 13 and under
___________ be accompanied by an adult at all times.
Save £££s with a coachcard
• if you’re 25 and under, a student, or 50 and over, then you ____________
save up to 30% on travel with a coachcard
The Use of Modals to Express Obligation and Necessity
Ex. 45. Complete the sentences with ‘must’ or ‘have to’ to express
obligation or necessity.
1. Now if you see somebody going into this state, you …… give
them sugar, it’s no good waiting till they’ve fainted or become
unconscious.
2. I am afraid that I …… say frankly that I do not think I can do it.
3. I …… say yes because there is nothing else.
4. Alice darling, you really ...... try to grow up!
5. The referee …… see and correctly interpret extremely fast actions.
6. Auditions are a painful necessity of life and not a fair judgement on
your career but you …… go through them.
7. Actually, I didn’t see the job advertised, I …… admit, I was going to
apply for it myself of course!
8. If anyone makes a mistake, it’s the senior person who …… face the
music.’
9. I think you …… ask yourselves the question, why is it the government
has decided to remove the funding for this particular project.
10. I have made my plans and I …… stick to them.
46
MODALS
11. Some people never …… claim on their insurance, but would you
want to be uninsured?
12. As part of the course, she …… choose a subject of her own about
which to write a paper.
13. ‘You really …… see this,’ Jeremy explains, ‘it’s the heart of the
nightlife area.’
Ex. 46. Complete these sentences with the correct form of have to,
don’t have to or can.
1. I ........... report to my boss every day. I hate it!
2. I ........... work overtime if I don’t want to. It’s optional.
3. I ........... deal with rude customers sometimes.
4. I ........... go to lots of boring meetings.
5. I ........... use the company car if I need it.
6. I ........... do on-the-job training to get a chance of promotion.
7. I ........... work nights. It depends if I feel like it or not.
8. I ........... wear what I like to work. There is no dress code.
9. I ........... do much paperwork. Thank goodness!
10. I ........... start and fi nish when I like. It’s really fl exible.
Ex. 47. What are the responsibilities of people in the following jobs?
What opportunities do these jobs offer? What are the restrictions?
Say what people in these jobs have to, don’t have to, mustn’t (can’t)
or can do.
a) a plane pilot
b) a fl ight attendant
c) a ticket collector
Ex. 48. Supply must have been, can’t/couldn’t have been, have to/had to (be),
didn’t have to (be).
1. He knows a lot about fl ying planes. He ..................... a pilot when
he was young.
2. Vera ................................. at the supermarket this morning. I
didn’t see her there.
3. John …............................. at the bank till 10, so he only arrived
here fi ve minutes ago.
4. When ......................(she)............................ at the hospital? –
Early this morning.
5. We had enough foreign currency left at the end of the holiday, so I
..................... buy any more.
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ПРАКТИКА РЕЧИ: TRAVELLING. MODAL VERBS
6. Monica knew exactly what to do. I ............................. tell her twice.
7. There are so many nice things for tea, I think you .......................
expecting us.
8. There .......................... an accident on South Street because the
road is closed off.
9. You .......................................... waiting long. After all, I’m only
fi ve minutes late.
10. When I was a boy we ……………. sitting at our desks working before
the boss got in.
11. I left a message on your answer phone last night. You ………….. out.
12. The fi re alarm went and we .......................... out of the building in
two minutes.
Ex. 49. Choose the correct modals of prohibition and lack of necessity
(mustn’t or needn’t).
1. Margaret ____________ go to bed early. Tomorrow is her day off.
2. You ____________ smoke on buses. It’s forbidden.
3. You ____________ pack your suitcase now, you can fi nish it later.
4. Tourists ____________ use their mobile phones during the excursion.
5. You ____________ reserve tickets in advance. I have already done it.
6. She ____________ bring a swim suit. I can lend her one.
7. It’s a secret. You ____________ tell anybody.
8. You ____________ take a taxi. We have our own car.
9. You really ____________ be late again and miss the train.
10. You ____________ drink at all if you plan to drive.
Ex. 50. Complete the following rules for air passengers using must,
mustn’t, can, have to, don’t have to.
Passengers
_________ carry fi rearms on board
_________ declare personal effects
_________ fasten seat belts during take-off and landing
_________ use overhead compartments for carry-on baggage
_________ enter the fl ight deck
_________ carry sharp objects in hand luggage
_________ follow the crew’s instructions
_________ show their boarding pass for inspection
_________ use a trolley at the airport
_________ smoke on board
_________ pay for water on board
_________ buy duty-free goods
48
MODALS
Ex. 51. Paraphrase using the verb “to be to”.
1. We have arranged to meet at the theatre at half past 6 tonight.
2. I’ve got an appointment at the dentist’s for 2.30.
3. The boss has told me to type the report.
4. We have been given instructions not to leave the building.
5. The scheduled departure time of our fl ight is 5.00 pm.
6. According to the programme, the show starts in 20 minutes.
7. My instructions were to wait for your arrival.
8. We had arranged to discuss this matter yesterday, but he didn’t show up.
9. The arrival time was 12.15, but in fact the train got in later.
Ex. 52. Translate into English using verbs denoting obligation,
necessity, supposition etc.
1. Мы должны были вылететь 2 часа назад. Неужели рейс вообще
отменили?
2. Вы непременно должны приехать к нам на выходные.
3. Я работаю стюардессой и должна носить форму.
4. У вас чемодан весит больше 40 кг. Вы должны заплатить за лиш-
ний вес.
5. Наш рейс отложили на 5 часов
, и мне пришлось просидеть все
время в зале ожидания.
6. Этот поезд должен прибыть к 5 платформе.
7. Нам не пришлось долго ждать. Самолет приземлился по распи-
санию.
8. Самолет задерживается на несколько часов. Он должен был
приземлиться в 10 часов.
9. Поезд отходит через 5 минут.
10. Его должны оперировать через неделю.
11. Его должны были оперировать вчера, но хирург заболел.
12. Ты, должно быть, выглядела забавно со своим оранжевым че-
моданом. – А ты мог бы и встретить меня на станции.
13. Мне не пришлось долго ждать. Регистрация началась во-
время.
14. Наверняка он все еще ищет свое купе. Он очень рассеянный.
15. Где же капитан? Это грузовое судно должно было отплыть уже
час назад.
16. Нам нужно постараться открыть запасной выход.
17. Должно быть, самолет уже выруливает на взлетную полосу.
49
ПРАКТИКА РЕЧИ: TRAVELLING. MODAL VERBS
Ex. 53. In pairs, talk about the following problems. Ask each other for
advice. Use the following expressions:
What do you think I should do?
I think you should … / I don’t think you should …
You ought to … / You could …
Student A: look at the situations on this page, Student B: turn
to page 74.
A
1. For you the trouble is packing. You never manage to travel light. You
always have too many things you want to take with you. Ask your
friend for advice.
2. You are seasick. And next week you are to go on a cruise. You can’t
cancel the trip. Maybe your friend can suggest a remedy for your
seasickness.
3. You are always nervous during take off and landing. Ask your friend
to suggest something to help you cope with your nerves.
Ex. 54. Complete the sentences with shouldn’t or needn’t.
1. You …… tell him about it. It’s supposed to be a secret.
2. You …… do this exercise in writing, you can do it orally.
3. You …… fi ll in a customs declaration form if you have nothing to declare.
4. You …… pack so many things, your backpack will be too heavy.
5. You …… pack any lunch. We can have a meal in a pub.
Now complete the sentences with should have, shouldn’t have or
needn’t have.
6. I ……… taken my camera. The views are breathtaking!
7. We ………hurried, there’s still a lot of time left.
8. You ………spoken to the ticket collector so rudely!
9. You ……… eaten so much. Now you’ve got indigestion.
10. We ……… taken a taxi. We could’ve caught the airport bus.
11. You ……… told me about it yesterday. Now it’s too late.
12. You ……… called the information offi ce. I could have told you the
departure time.
13. You ……… lied to the customs offi cer. Now you are sure to have
problems.
14. I ……… listened to your advice and booked tickets in advance. Now
there are no tickets left at all.
15. You ……… sat with your back to the engine. I could have changed
seats with you.
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