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Материальные расчеты технологических процессов переработки природных энергоносителей. Химические процессы. Учебное пособие

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– ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ;

– ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɤ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ

ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɯ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɯ, ɟɫɥɢ ɢɯ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ;

– ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɫɸ

ɰɟɩɶ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ;

– ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɯ ɛɟɡ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɩɪɹɦɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ (ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ) ɜɢɞɟ;

– ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɩɨ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɦɭ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɭ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɢɯ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɱɥɟɧɵ ɝɨɦɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ);

– ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɧɟ

ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɪɨ-

ɞɭɤɬɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ, ɟɫɥɢ ɢɯ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ;

– ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɪɟɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɬɨɜ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɧɢɦ (ɫɨɫɬɚɜ, ɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪ.);

– ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɢ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ (ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ) ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɛɟɡɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ 1 ɬɨɧɧɭ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢɥɢ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ;

– ɪɟɰɟɩɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ (ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɯ) ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ.

Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɛɚɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ:

– ɧɚ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɫɵ (ɦɚɫɫɚ ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɢɡ ɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ);

– ɧɚ ɫɬɟɯɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ.

Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɩɨɫɬɚɞɢɣɧɨ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɢɡ ɧɟɝɨ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ.

ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜ ɧɟɮɬɟɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ 1 ɬ ɫɵɪɶɹ (ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ). Ⱦɥɹ

ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɚ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜ ɫ ɤɢɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɜ ɧɚ 1 ɬ

ɫɵɪɶɹ ɜ ɤɢɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚ 1 ɬ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɭɦɧɨɠɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɱɢɫɥɨɜɵɟ

ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ 1000 ɤɝ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɧɚ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɜ ɤɢɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ.

ȼ ɬɟɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɯ, ɝɞɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɦɭ ɫɵɪɶɸ, ɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɭ, ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ 1 ɬ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɞɨɥɢ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ (ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɋɌɈ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ

ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ

ɢɥɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ) ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɯ ɛɟɡɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ.

Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɤɢɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ ɜ ɱɚɫ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɭɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɤɢɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ ɧɚ 1 ɬɨɧɧɭ ɫɵɪɶɹ (ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ), ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɣ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɫɵɪɶɸ (ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɭ) ɜ ɬɨɧɧɚɯ ɜ ɝɨɞ ɧɚ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɮɨɧɞ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜ

ɱɚɫɚɯ ɜ ɝɨɞ.

ȼɚɠɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ-

ɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ.

ɋɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞ-

ɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. Ɉɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɜɢɞɵ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɩɨ ɫɵɪɶɸ, ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ.

Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɤɪɭɝɥɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ.

Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɨɤɪɭɝɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ, ɚ ɨɤɪɭɝɥɹɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ.

ɉɪɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ

ɫ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɡ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɭ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɦ ɡɧɚɤɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ (ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɪɭɝɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ).

ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡ-

ɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, MS ȿxcel,

MathCad ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ.

ȽɅȺȼȺ 2

ɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅɖɇɕɃ ȻȺɅȺɇɋ ɍɋɌȺɇɈȼɄɂ ȽɂȾɊɈɈɑɂɋɌɄɂ

ȾɂɁȿɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɌɈɉɅɂȼȺ

2.1. ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ

Ƚɢɞɪɨɨɱɢɫɬɤɭ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɨɩɥɢɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɟɪɨ-, ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ- ɢ ɚɡɨɬɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɚɥɤɟɧɨɜ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɩɥɢɜ, ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɚɞɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ, ɭɥɭɱɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɰɜɟɬ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɯ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ.

ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ ɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ.

ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɤ-

ɰɢɢ:

+ H2 ĺ CnH

, (2.1)

2n+2

SH + H2 ĺ CnH

2n+1

S + 2H2 ĺ2CnH

2n+1)2

2n+1)2S2

6ɇ5

4H4

+3H2 ĺ2CnH

S + 4H2 ĺ C4H10 + H2S, (2.5)

4H4

Ɉɇ + 5ɇ2 ĺ ɋ6ɇ14 + ɇ2Ɉ, (2.6)

N + 5H2 ĺ C5H

5ɇ5

NH + 4H2 ĺ C4H10 + NH3. (2.8)

+ H2S, (2.2)

2n+2

+ H2S, (2.3)

2n+2

+ 2H2S, (2.4)

2n+2

+ NH3, (2.7)

ɂɡ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɟɪɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɥɟɝɱɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɪɤɚɩɬɚɧɵ ɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ, ɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɝɢɞɪɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ

ɬɢɨɮɟɧ.

ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ ɌɊ Ɍɋ 013/2011 «Ɉ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɤ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɢ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɭ, ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɢ ɫɭɞɨɜɨɦɭ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɭ, ɬɨɩɥɢɜɭ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɬɨɩɨɱɧɨɦɭ ɦɚɡɭɬɭ» ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɟɪɵ ɜ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ Ʉ4 ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ 50 ɦɝ/ɤɝ, ɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ Ʉ5 – 10 ɦɝ/ɤɝ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɬɢɨɮɟɧ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 0,132 ɢ 0,026 ɤɝ/ɬ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ.

ȼɵɩɭɫɤ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ Ʉ4 ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɊɎ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ 31 ɞɟɤɚɛɪɹ 2015 ɝ., ɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ Ʉ5 ɧɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɵ.

ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ Ʉ4 ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɢ ɞɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɞɨ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ Ʉ5 ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ

ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɚ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢ-

ɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɩɟɪɜɨɦɭ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɭ.

ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɫɟɪɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ (ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɢɨɮɟɧɚ),

ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɢ ɚɡɨɬɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɟ, ɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɢɨɮɟɧ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɦ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɦ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɟ. ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɚɥɤɟɧɨɜ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 75 %, ɜɨ

ɜɬɨɪɨɦ – 60 %; ɬɢɨɮɟɧɚ ɜ

Ɍɢɩɢɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2.1.

ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ

Ⱥɥɤɚɧɵ ɋ

Ɇɟɪɤɚɩɬɚɧɵ (RSH) 0,0082

ɋɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ (R2S) 0,0533

Ⱦɢɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ (R2S2) 0,0072

ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɟ – 98 %, ɚ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ – 85 %.

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2.1. Ɍɢɩɢɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɵɪɶɹ

Ⱥɥɤɚɧɵ ɋ

Ⱥɥɤɟɧɵ 0,0789

Ⱥɪɟɧɵ 0,1579

Ɍɢɨɮɟɧ 0,0066

Ɏɟɧɨɥ 0,0030

ɉɢɪɢɞɢɧ 0,0005

ɉɢɪɪɨɥ 0,0006

ɂɬɨɝɨ 1,0000

0,0012

5-10

0,6826

11ɢ ɜɵɲɟ

Ɍɢɩɢɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɜɟɠɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2.2.

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2.2. Ɍɢɩɢɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɜɟɠɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ

ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ

ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ

ȼɨɞɨɪɨɞ

ɉɪɨɩɚɧ

Ɇɟɬɚɧ

ɗɬɚɧ

Ȼɭɬɚɧ

Ɉɛɴɟɦɧɚɹ ɢɥɢ

ɦɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ (x

0,8300 0,0900 16 1,4400 0,2376 0,0500 30 1,5000 0,2475 0,0200 44 0,8800 0,1452 0,0100 58 0,5800 0,0957

ɂɬɨɝɨ 1,0000 – 6,0600 1,0000

Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ

ɦɚɫɫɚ (M

)

ɤɝ/ɤɦɨɥɶ

Mi· x

2 1,6600 0,2739

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ. ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɋɌɈ 3.7-08, ɨɛɴɟɦɧɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 75 %.

Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ

ɞɨɥɹ (Ȧ

)

Ɍɢɩɢɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ

–

ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2.3.

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2.3. Ɍɢɩɢɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ

ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ

ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ

ȼɨɞɨɪɨɞ

ɉɪɨɩɚɧ

Ɇɟɬɚɧ

ɗɬɚɧ

Ȼɭɬɚɧ

ɋɟɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞ 0,0008

ɂɬɨɝɨ 1,0000 – 6,8458 1,0000

Ɉɛɴɟɦɧɚɹ ɢɥɢ

ɦɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ (

0,8000

0,1000 16 1,6000 0,2337 0,0600 30 1,8000 0,2629 0,0325 44 1,4300 0,2089 0,0067 58 0,3886 0,0568

Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ

ɦɚɫɫɚ (M

)

· ĳ

ɤɝ/ɤɦɨɥɶ

2 1,6000 0,2337

34 0,0272 0,0040

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ. 1. Ɉɛɴɟɦɧɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 70 %.

2. Ɉɛɴɟɦɧɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɫɟɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 0,1 %.

Ɉɛɴɟɦɧɨɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɢ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ

ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪ (Ʉ) ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 280 ɧɦ

ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɵɪɶɹ (d

) ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 0,842 ɬ /ɦ3.

/(ɦ3ɫɵɪɶɹ).

Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ

ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:

ɝɞɟ d

Mc = (44,29·d

– ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɬ/ɦ3.

)/(1,03-d

ɉɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ

Ɇc = (44,29 · 0,842)/(1,03 – 0,842) = 198,36.

Ⱦɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɚɥɤɚɧɨɜ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ

CnH

. Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ

2n+2

ɤɚɤ:

Mc = 12n + 2n + 2 = 14n + 2 = 198,36.

Ɋɟɲɚɹ ɷɬɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ n ɪɚɜɧɵɦ 14.

Ɇɨɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɯ:

í ɚɥɤɚɧɵ (CnH í ɚɥɤɟɧɵ (C í ɦɟɪɤɚɩɬɚɧɵ (RSH) í ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ (R í ɞɢɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ (R í ɬɢɨɮɟɧ (ɋ í ɮɟɧɨɥ (ɋ

6ɇ5

í ɩɢɪɢɞɢɧ (ɋ í ɩɢɪɪɨɥ (ɋ

)

2n+2

) – 196 ɤɝ/ɤɦɨɥɶ;

nH2n

198 ɤɝ/ɤɦɨɥɶ;

230 ɤɝ/ɤɦɨɥɶ;

4ɇ4

2S2

426 ɤɝ/ɤɦɨɥɶ;

) – 458 ɤɝ/ɤɦɨɥɶ;

84 ɤɝ/ɤɦɨɥɶ;

Ɉɇ) – 94 ɤɝ/ɤɦɨɥɶ;

N) – 79 ɤɝ/ɤɦɨɥɶ;

5ɇ5

Nɇ) – 67 ɤɝ/ɤɦɨɥɶ.

4ɇ4

Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ

ɞɨɥɹ (Ȧ

)

ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 2 ɦɥɧ ɬɨɧɧ ɜ ɝɨɞ ɩɨ

ɫɵɪɶɸ.

ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɝɢɞɪɨɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ

ɫɬɚɞɢɣ:

í ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɟɠɟɝɨ ɢ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ; í ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɫ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɫ ɭɫɬɚ-

ɧɨɜɤɢ ȺȼɌ;

í ɝɢɞɪɨɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ; í ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɰɢɢ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ; í ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɫɨɞɟɪ-

ɠɚɳɟɝɨ

ɝɚɡɚ; í ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɧɢɡɚɬɚ; í ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɧɢɡɚɬɚ; í ɞɟɝɚɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɧɢɡɚɬɚ; í ɫɟɩɚɪɚɰɢɢ ɲɥɟɦɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ; í ɫɟɩɚɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɵɪɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ; í ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɨɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ; í ɨɬɞɭɜɚ ɫɟɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɚ; í ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɟɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ; í ɷɬɚɧɨɥɚɦɢɧɧɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ; í ɷɬɚɧɨɥɚɦɢɧɧɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ; í ɷɬɚɧɨɥɚɦɢɧɧɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɞɨɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ; í ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɚɛɫɨɪɛɚɬɨɜ; í ɫɟɩɚɪɚɰɢɢ ɚɛɫɨɪɛɚɬɚ; í ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɚɛɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɚ; í ɩɨɞɩɢɬɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɚɛɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɚ; í ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ.

ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 2.1.

2.2. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ

Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɦ ɧɚ 1 ɬ ɫɵɪɶɹ (ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɫ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ȺȼɌ). Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɟɦ ɨɛɴɟɦ 1 ɬ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɡɧɚɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ:

1 ɬ ɫɵɪɶɹ

= m / d

= 1/ 0,842 = 1,188 ɦ3/ɬ.

Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ (ȼɋȽ) ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪ

ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ:

= Ʉ V

ȼɋȽ

= 280 · 1,188 = 332,542 ɦ3/ɬ.

ȼɋȽ

1 ɬ ɫɵɪɶɹ

ɨɞɚ

ɋɜɟɠɢɣ ɆȾɗȺ

ɪɟɧɚɠɧɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ

ɟɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ

ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ

ɋɵɪɨɣ ɍȼȽ

ɋɭɯɨɣ ɍȼȽ

ɥɟɦɨɜɵɣ

ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ

ɟɧɡɢɧ

ɋȼȽ

ɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬ

ɚɡɵ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ

ɨɬɟɪɢ

Ʌɟɝɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɧɢɡɚɬɚ

ɢɞɪɨɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɨɟ

ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ

ɚɪ

ɋɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɣ

ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɧɢɡɚɬ

ȼɋȽ

ɀɢɞɤɢɣ

ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɧɢɡɚɬ

ɋɟɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞ

Ɍɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ ɝɚɡ

Ɉɱɢɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬ

ɍȼȽ3

ɍȼȽ2

ɍȼȽ1

ɆȾɗȺ·

ȾɗȺ ɆȾɗȺ ɆȾɗȺ

ɆȾɗȺ

ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ

ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬ

Ɉɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɣ

ɟɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɐȼɋȽ

ɉɋ2

14 15

ɉɋ1

Ɋɢɫ. 2.1. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ:

14, 15, 16 – ɚɛɫɨɪɛɟɪɵ ɷɬɚɧɨɥɚɦɢɧɧɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ; 17, 20 – ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɢ; 19 – ɞɟɫɨɪɛɟɪ

ɋɵɪɶɟ

ɋɜɟɠɢɣ ȼɋ

ȼɋȽ

7 – ɤɨɥɨɧɧɚ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ; 9 – ɞɟɝɚɡɚɬɨɪ; 10 – ɤɨɥɨɧɧɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ; 13 – ɬɪɨɣɧɢɤ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ;

1 – ɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɶ ȼɋȽ; 2 – ɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɶ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦ ɝɚɡɨɦ; 3 – ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪ 1; 4 – ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪ 2; 5, 6, 8, 11, 12, 18 – ɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪɵ;

ɋ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2.3,

ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɟɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:

Vi = ĳi V

ɝɞɟ ĳi – ɨɛɴɟɦɧɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɫɦɟɫɢ.

V V V V V V

= 0,8000 · 332,542 = 266,033 ɦ3/ɬ;

ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ

= 0,1000 · 332,542 = 33,254 ɦ3/ɬ;

ɦɟɬɚɧɚ

= 0,0600 · 332,542 =19,952 ɦ3/ɬ;

ɷɬɚɧɚ

= 0,0325 · 332,542 = 10,808 ɦ3/ɬ;

ɩɪɨɩɚɧɚ

= 0,0067 · 332,542 = 2,268 ɦ3/ɬ;

ɛɭɬɚɧɚ

ɫɟɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ

= 0,0008 · 332,542 = 0,266 ɦ3/ɬ.

ȼɋȽ

Ɇɚɫɫɵ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ, ɢɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɫɦɟɲɟ-

ɧɢɟ ɫ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɫɵɪɶɟɦ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɟɦ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:

ɝɞɟ V

mi = Vi / Vm · Mi,,

– ɨɛɴɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ, ɦ3/ɬ;

Vm – ɦɨɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɝɚɡɚ ɩɪɢ ɧ.ɭ., ɦ3/ɤɦɨɥɶ; Mi – ɦɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ, ɤɝ/ɤɦɨɥɶ.

m m m m m m

Ɇɚɫɫɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ:

ȼɋȽ =

ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɚɥɤɚɧɨɜ ɋ

= 266,033 / 22,4 · 2 = 23,753 ɤɝ/ɬ;

ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ

= 33,254 / 22,4 · 16 = 23,753 ɤɝ/ɬ;

ɦɟɬɚɧɚ

= 19,952 / 22,4 · 30 = 26,722 ɤɝ/ɬ;

ɷɬɚɧɚ

= 10,808 / 22,4 · 44 = 21,299 ɤɝ/ɬ;

ɩɪɨɩɚɧɚ

= 2,268 / 22,4 · 58 = 5,769 ɤɝ/ɬ;

ɛɭɬɚɧɚ

ɫɟɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ

= 0,266 / 22,4 · 34 = 0,404 ɤɝ/ɬ.

23,753 + 23,753 + 26,722 + 21,299 + 5,769 + 0,404 = 101,630 ɤɝ/ɬ,

ɪɚɜɧɚ:

1-4

23,753 + 26,722 + 21,299 + 5,769 = 77,473 ɤɝ/ɬ.

ɚɥɤ =

ɋɦɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥ. 2.1) ɫ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦ ɝɚɡɨɦ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɟ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 2.1, ɩɨɡ. 2), ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɫɵɪɶɟ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣ ɝɚɡ, ɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɝɚɡɨɫɵɪɶɟɜɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ.

ɋɯɟɦɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟ-

ɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɫ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɫɵɪɶɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 2.2.

Ɋɢɫ. 2.2. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɜ ɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ

ɋɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɶ

ɢ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ:

– ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣ ɝɚɡ; m2 – ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɫ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ȺȼɌ;

– ɝɚɡɨɫɵɪɶɟɜɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ

Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2.4.

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2.4. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɵɪɶɹ

ɫ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦ ɝɚɡɨɦ

ɉɪɢɯɨɞ Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ

ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɝ/ɬ ɤɝ/ɱ

ɦɚɫɫ.

ʋ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ

1 ɋɵɪɶɟ 1000,00 238 095 100,00

1.1 Ⱥɥɤɚɧɵ ɋ

1.2 Ⱥɥɤɚɧɵ ɋ

1,20 286 0,12

5–10

682,60 162 524 68,26

11 ɢ >

ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɝ/ɬ ɤɝ/ɱ

ʋ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ

Ƚɚɡɨ-

ɫɵɪɶɟɜɚɹ

1101,63 262 293 100,00

ɫɦɟɫɶ

ɦɚɫɫ.

1.3 Ⱥɥɤɟɧɵ 78,90 18 786 7,89 1.1 ȼɨɞɨɪɨɞ 23,75 5655 2,16

1.4 Ⱥɪɟɧɵ 157,90 37 595 15,79 1.2 Ⱥɥɤɚɧɵ ɋ

1.5 Ɇɟɪɤɚɩɬɚɧɵ 8,20 1952 0,82 1.3 Ⱥɥɤɚɧɵ ɋ

1.6 ɋɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ 53,30 12 690 5,33 1.4 Ⱥɥɤɚɧɵ ɋ

77,47 18 446 7,03

1–4

1,20 286 0,11

5–10

682,60 162 524 61,96

11 ɢ >

1.7 Ⱦɢɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ 7,20 1714 0,72 1.5 Ⱥɥɤɟɧɵ 78,90 18 786 7,16

1.8 Ɍɢɨɮɟɧ 6,60 1571 0,66 1.6 Ⱥɪɟɧɵ 157,90 37 595 14,33

1.9 Ɏɟɧɨɥ 3,00 714 0,30 1.7 Ɇɟɪɤɚɩɬɚɧɵ 8,20 1952 0,74

1.10 ɉɢɪɢɞɢɧ 0,50 119 0,05 1.8 ɋɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ 53,30 12 690 4,84

1.11 ɉɢɪɪɨɥ 0,60 143 0,06 1.9 Ⱦɢɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ 7,20 1714 0,65

1.10 Ɍɢɨɮɟɧ 6,60 1571 0,60

2 ȼɋȽ 101,63 24 198 100,00 1.11 Ɏɟɧɨɥ 3,00 714 0,27

2.1 ȼɨɞɨɪɨɞ 23,75 5655 23,37 1.12 ɉɢɪɢɞɢɧ 0,50 119 0,05

2.2 Ⱥɥɤɚɧɵ ɋ

77,47 18 446 76,23 1.13 ɉɢɪɪɨɥ 0,60 143 0,05

1–4

2.3 ɋɟɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞ 0,40 96 0,40 1.14 ɋɟɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞ 0,40 96 0,04

ɂɬɨɝɨ 1101,63 262 293 ɂɬɨɝɨ 1101,63 262 293

2.3. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɚ

ȼ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 2.1, ɩɨɡ. 3) ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɝɚɡɨɫɵɪɶɟɜɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ, ɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ 1 (Ƚɋɋ-1).

ɋɯɟɦɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ

ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 2.3.

m1 m2

Ɋɢɫ. 2.3. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɚ:

– ɝɚɡɨɫɵɪɶɟɜɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ; m2 – ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ 1

ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪ

ȼ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɟ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɬ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ (2.1)–(2.8). ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɟɪɤɚɩɬɚɧɵ, ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ, ɞɢɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ, ɮɟɧɨɥ, ɩɢɪɢɞɢɧ ɢ ɩɢɪɪɨɥ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ.

Ⱥɥɤɟɧɵ ɝɢɞɪɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ 75 %, ɚ ɬɢɨɮɟɧ – ɧɚ 98 %.

Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɟɦ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɝɢɞɪɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ.

Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ (2.1)

Ɋɚɫɯɨɞɭɸɬɫɹ:

m (ɋ14ɇ28)1 = 78,900 · 0,75 = 59,175 ɤɝ/ɬ;

m (H2)1 = (59,175 · 2)/196 = 0,604 ɤɝ/ɬ.

Ɉɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ:

m (ɋ14H30)1 = (59,175 ·198)/196 = 59,779 ɤɝ/ɬ.

Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ (2.2)

Ɋɚɫɯɨɞɭɸɬɫɹ:

m (ɋ14ɇ29SH) = 8,200 ɤɝ/ɬ;

m (H2)2 = (8,2·2)/230 =0,071 ɤɝ/ɬ.

Ɉɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ:

m (ɋ14H30)2 = (8,200 ·198)/230 = 7,059 ɤɝ/ɬ;

m (H2S)2 = (8,2·34)/230 = 1,212 ɤɝ/ɬ.

Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ (2.3)

Ɋɚɫɯɨɞɭɸɬɫɹ:

m ((ɋ14ɇ29)2S) = 53,300 ɤɝ/ɬ;

m (H2)3 = (53,3·2·2)/426 =0,500 ɤɝ/ɬ.

Ɉɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ:

m (ɋ14H30)3 = (53,3·198·2)/426 = 49,546 ɤɝ/ɬ:

m (H2S)3 = (53,3·34)/426 = 4,254 ɤɝ/ɬ.

Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ (2.4)

Ɋɚɫɯɨɞɭɸɬɫɹ:

m ((ɋ14ɇ29)2S2) = 7,200 ɤɝ/ɬ;

m (H2)4 = (7,2·2·3)/458 =0,094 ɤɝ/ɬ.

Ɉɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ:

m (ɋ14H30)4 = (7,2·198·2)/458 = 6,225 ɤɝ/ɬ;

m (H2S)4 = (7,2·34·2)/458 = 1,069 ɤɝ/ɬ.

Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ (2.5)

Ɋɚɫɯɨɞɭɸɬɫɹ:

m (C4H4S) = 6,600 · 0,98 = 6,468 ɤɝ/ɬ;

m (H2)5 = (6,468·2·4)/84 =0,616 ɤɝ/ɬ.

Ɉɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ:

m (ɋ4H10)5 = (6,468·58)/84 = 4,466 ɤɝ/ɬ;

m (H2S)5 = (6,468·34)/84 = 2,618 ɤɝ/ɬ.

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